SQLite

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used to translate between UTF-8, 
** UTF-16, UTF-16BE, and UTF-16LE.
**
** $Id: utf.c,v 1.24 2004/06/23 00:23:49 danielk1977 Exp $
**
** Notes on UTF-8:
**
**   Byte-0    Byte-1    Byte-2    Byte-3    Value
**  0xxxxxxx                                 00000000 00000000 0xxxxxxx
**  110yyyyy  10xxxxxx                       00000000 00000yyy yyxxxxxx
**  1110zzzz  10yyyyyy  10xxxxxx             00000000 zzzzyyyy yyxxxxxx

      *zIn = *(zIn+1);
      zIn++;
      *zIn++ = temp;
    }
    pMem->enc = desiredEnc;
    goto translate_out;
  }

  /* Set len to the maximum number of bytes required in the output buffer. */
  if( desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    /* When converting from UTF-16, the maximum growth results from
    ** translating a 2-byte character to a 3-byte UTF-8 character (i.e.
    ** code-point 0xFFFC). A single byte is required for the output string
    ** nul-terminator.
    */
    len = (pMem->n/2) * 3 + 1;
  }else{
    /* When converting from UTF-8 to UTF-16 the maximum growth is caused
    ** when a 1-byte UTF-8 character is translated into a 2-byte UTF-16
    ** character. Two bytes are required in the output buffer for the
    ** nul-terminator.
    */
    len = pMem->n * 2 + 2;
  }

  /* Set zIn to point at the start of the input buffer and zTerm to point 1
  ** byte past the end.
  **
  ** Variable zOut is set to point at the output buffer. This may be space
  ** obtained from malloc(), or Mem.zShort, if it large enough and not in
  ** use, or the zShort array on the stack (see above).
  */
  zIn = pMem->z;
  zTerm = &zIn[pMem->n];

  if( len>NBFS ){
    zOut = sqliteMallocRaw(len);
    if( !zOut ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    if( pMem->z==pMem->zShort ){
      zOut = zShort;
    }else{

      while( zIn<zTerm ){
        READ_UTF16BE(zIn, c); 
        WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
      }
      WRITE_UTF8(z, 0);
      pMem->n = (z-zOut)-1;
    }

  }
  assert( (pMem->n+(desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2))<=len );

  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
  pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem|MEM_Short);
  pMem->enc = desiredEnc;
  if( (char *)zOut==pMem->zShort ){
    pMem->flags |= (MEM_Term|MEM_Short);
  }else if( zOut==zShort ){