SQLite

  pWhereRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0, 0);
  if( pWhereRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;
  pInClause = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pWhereRowid, 0, 0);
  if( pInClause == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;

  pInClause->x.pSelect = pSelect;
  pInClause->flags |= EP_xIsSelect;
  sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, pInClause);
  return pInClause;

  /* something went wrong. clean up anything allocated. */
limit_where_cleanup_1:
  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pSelect);
  return 0;

      if( j>=0 ){
        const char *zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
    if( p->flags & EP_Collate ){
      if( p->pLeft && (p->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate)!=0 ){
        p = p->pLeft;
      }else{
        Expr *pNext  = p->pRight;
        if( p->x.pList!=0 && !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
          int i;
          for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
            if( ExprHasProperty(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, EP_Collate) ){
              pNext = p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
              break;
            }
          }
        }
        p = pNext;
      }
    }else{
      break;
    }
  }
  if( sqlite3CheckCollSeq(pParse, pColl) ){ 
    pColl = 0;

/*
** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an 
** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or 
** Expr.pSelect member has a height of 1. Any other expression
** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other 
** referenced Expr plus one.
**
** Also propagate EP_Propagate flags up from Expr.x.pList to Expr.flags,
** if appropriate.
*/
static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    heightOfSelect(p->x.pSelect, &nHeight);
  }else if( p->x.pList ){
    heightOfExprList(p->x.pList, &nHeight);
    p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
  }
  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
}

/*
** Set the Expr.nHeight variable using the exprSetHeight() function. If
** the height is greater than the maximum allowed expression depth,
** leave an error in pParse.
**
** Also propagate all EP_Propagate flags from the Expr.x.pList into
** Expr.flags. 
*/
void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  exprSetHeight(p);
  sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, p->nHeight);
}

/*
** Return the maximum height of any expression tree referenced
** by the select statement passed as an argument.
*/
int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfSelect(p, &nHeight);
  return nHeight;
}
#else /* ABOVE:  Height enforcement enabled.  BELOW: Height enforcement off */
/*
** Propagate all EP_Propagate flags from the Expr.x.pList into
** Expr.flags. 
*/
void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  if( p && p->x.pList && !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
  }
}
  #define exprSetHeight(y)
#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0 */

/*
** This routine is the core allocator for Expr nodes.
**
** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory

  pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_FUNCTION, pToken, 1);
  if( pNew==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList); /* Avoid memory leak when malloc fails */
    return 0;
  }
  pNew->x.pList = pList;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
  sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, pNew);
  return pNew;
}

/*
** Assign a variable number to an expression that encodes a wildcard
** in the original SQL statement.  
**

    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
}

/*
** Return the bitwise-OR of all Expr.flags fields in the given
** ExprList.
*/
u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList *pList){
  int i;
  u32 m = 0;
  if( pList ){
  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
       m |= pList->a[i].pExpr->flags;
  }
  }
  return m;
}

/*
** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
** see if they are "constant" for some definition of constant.  The
** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
** for.

        pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
      }
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, N ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, X.pExpr, pRHS, 0);
    }else{
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
      if( A.pExpr ){
        A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
      }
      if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    }
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= LP(B) select(X) RP(E). {
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = X;
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
    }
    A.zStart = B.z;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). [IN] {
    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&Y,&Z);
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, pSrc);
    }
    if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = Z.z ? &Z.z[Z.n] : &Y.z[Y.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= EXISTS(B) LP select(Y) RP(E). {
    Expr *p = A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
    if( p ){
      p->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, p);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    A.zStart = B.z;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
%endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY

/* CASE expressions */
expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, 0, 0);
  if( A.pExpr ){
    A.pExpr->x.pList = Z ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,Y,Z) : Y;
    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, Z);
  }
  A.zStart = C.z;
  A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
}

  iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
  pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
  assert( pSub!=0 );
  if( subqueryIsAgg ){
    if( isAgg ) return 0;                                /* Restriction (1)   */
    if( pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;                         /* Restriction (2a)  */
    if( (p->pWhere && ExprHasProperty(p->pWhere,EP_Subquery))
     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pEList) & EP_Subquery)!=0
     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pOrderBy) & EP_Subquery)!=0
    ){
      return 0;                                          /* Restriction (2b)  */
    }
  }
    
  pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
  assert( pSubSrc );

Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);

  #define sqlite3JournalExists(p) 1
#endif

void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
int sqlite3MemJournalSize(void);
int sqlite3IsMemJournal(sqlite3_file *);

void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0

  int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
  int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
#else

  #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
  #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
#endif

u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this script is making sure collations pass through the
# unary + operator.
#
# 2015-02-09:  Added tests to make sure COLLATE passes through function
# calls.  Ticket [ca0d20b6cdddec5e81b8d66f89c46a5583b5f6f6].
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_test collate8-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a TEXT COLLATE nocase);

  }
} {abc ABC}
do_test collate8-2.8 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a COLLATE nocase AS x FROM t2 WHERE 'abc'=x COLLATE binary;
  }
} {abc}

# Make sure the COLLATE operator perculates up through function calls
# and other Expr structures that use the Expr.x.pList field.
#
do_execsql_test collate8-3.1 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||'') COLLATE nocase;
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||'' COLLATE nocase);
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||('' COLLATE nocase));
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||upper('' COLLATE nocase));
} {1 1 1 1}
do_execsql_test collate8-3.2 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||max('' COLLATE nocase,'' COLLATE binary));
} {1}

# The COLLATE binary is on the left and so takes precedence
do_execsql_test collate8-3.3 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||max('' COLLATE binary,'' COLLATE nocase));
} {0}

do_execsql_test collate8-3.4 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||CASE WHEN 1-1=2 THEN '' COLLATE nocase
                                        ELSE '' COLLATE binary END);
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||CASE WHEN 1+1=2 THEN '' COLLATE nocase
                                        ELSE '' COLLATE binary END);
} {1 1}
do_execsql_test collate8-3.5 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||CASE WHEN 1=2 THEN '' COLLATE binary
                                      ELSE '' COLLATE nocase END);
} {0}


finish_test