# Scan for "case OP_aaaa:" lines in the vdbe.c file
/^case OP_/ {
  name = $2
  sub(/:/,"",name)
  sub("\r","",name)
  op[name] = -1
  jump[name] = 0
  nopush[name] = 0
  out2_prerelease[name] = 0
  in1[name] = 0
  in2[name] = 0
  in3[name] = 0
  out2[name] = 0
  out3[name] = 0
  for(i=3; i<NF; i++){
................................................................................
      sub(/,/,"",sym)
      op[name] = tk[sym]
      used[op[name]] = 1
      sameas[op[name]] = sym
    }
    x = $i
    sub(",","",x)
    if(x=="no-push"){
      nopush[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="jump"){
      jump[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="out2-prerelease"){
      out2_prerelease[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in1"){
      in1[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in2"){
      in2[name] = 1
................................................................................
  #  bit 1:     pushes a result onto stack
  #  bit 2:     output to p1.  release p1 before opcode runs
  #
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++) bv[i] = 0;
  for(name in op){
    x = op[name]
    a0 = a1 = a2 = a3 = a4 = a5 = a6 = a7 = 0
    a8 = a9 = a10 = a11 = a12 = a13 = a14 = a15 = 0
    if( jump[name] ) a0 = 1;
    if( nopush[name]==0 ) a1 = 2;
    if( out2_prerelease[name] ) a2 = 4;
    if( in1[name] ) a3 = 8;
    if( in2[name] ) a4 = 16;
    if( in3[name] ) a5 = 32;
    if( out2[name] ) a6 = 64;
    if( out3[name] ) a7 = 128;
    bv[x] = a0+a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6+a7+a8+a9+a10+a11+a12+a13+a14+a15;

  }
  print "\n"
  print "/* Properties such as \"out2\" or \"jump\" that are specified in"
  print "** comments following the \"case\" for each opcode in the vdbe.c"
  print "** are encoded into bitvectors as follows:"
  print "*/"
  print "#define OPFLG_JUMP            0x0001  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */"
  print "#define OPFLG_PUSH            0x0002  /* ~no-push:  Does not push */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE 0x0004  /* out2-prerelease: */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN1             0x0008  /* in1:   P1 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN2             0x0010  /* in2:   P2 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN3             0x0020  /* in3:   P3 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT2            0x0040  /* out2:  P2 is an output */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT3            0x0080  /* out3:  P3 is an output */"
  print "#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\\"
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++){
    if( i%8==0 ) printf("/* %3d */",i)
    printf " 0x%04x,", bv[i]
    if( i%8==7 ) printf("\\\n");
  }
  print "}"
}

# Scan for "case OP_aaaa:" lines in the vdbe.c file
/^case OP_/ {
  name = $2
  sub(/:/,"",name)
  sub("\r","",name)
  op[name] = -1
  jump[name] = 0

  out2_prerelease[name] = 0
  in1[name] = 0
  in2[name] = 0
  in3[name] = 0
  out2[name] = 0
  out3[name] = 0
  for(i=3; i<NF; i++){
................................................................................
      sub(/,/,"",sym)
      op[name] = tk[sym]
      used[op[name]] = 1
      sameas[op[name]] = sym
    }
    x = $i
    sub(",","",x)


    if(x=="jump"){
      jump[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="out2-prerelease"){
      out2_prerelease[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in1"){
      in1[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in2"){
      in2[name] = 1
................................................................................
  #  bit 1:     pushes a result onto stack
  #  bit 2:     output to p1.  release p1 before opcode runs
  #
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++) bv[i] = 0;
  for(name in op){
    x = op[name]
    a0 = a1 = a2 = a3 = a4 = a5 = a6 = a7 = 0
    # a8 = a9 = a10 = a11 = a12 = a13 = a14 = a15 = 0
    if( jump[name] ) a0 = 1;

    if( out2_prerelease[name] ) a1 = 2;
    if( in1[name] ) a2 = 4;
    if( in2[name] ) a3 = 8;
    if( in3[name] ) a4 = 16;
    if( out2[name] ) a5 = 32;
    if( out3[name] ) a6 = 64;
    # bv[x] = a0+a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6+a7+a8+a9+a10+a11+a12+a13+a14+a15;
    bv[x] = a0+a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6;
  }
  print "\n"
  print "/* Properties such as \"out2\" or \"jump\" that are specified in"
  print "** comments following the \"case\" for each opcode in the vdbe.c"
  print "** are encoded into bitvectors as follows:"
  print "*/"
  print "#define OPFLG_JUMP            0x0001  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */"

  print "#define OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE 0x0002  /* out2-prerelease: */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN1             0x0004  /* in1:   P1 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN2             0x0008  /* in2:   P2 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN3             0x0010  /* in3:   P3 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT2            0x0020  /* out2:  P2 is an output */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT3            0x0040  /* out3:  P3 is an output */"
  print "#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\\"
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++){
    if( i%8==0 ) printf("/* %3d */",i)
    printf " 0x%02x,", bv[i]
    if( i%8==7 ) printf("\\\n");
  }
  print "}"
}

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that used to generate VDBE code
** that implements the ALTER TABLE command.
**
** $Id: alter.c,v 1.39 2008/01/04 22:01:03 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The code in this file only exists if we are not omitting the
** ALTER TABLE logic from the build.
................................................................................
  ** table.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ){
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, isVirtualRename, iDb);
  sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);

  /* If this is a virtual table, invoke the xRename() function if
  ** one is defined. The xRename() callback will modify the names
  ** of any resources used by the v-table implementation (including other
  ** SQLite tables) that are identified by the name of the virtual table.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
................................................................................
  pNew->addColOffset = pTab->addColOffset;
  pNew->nRef = 1;

  /* Begin a transaction and increment the schema cookie.  */
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( !v ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
  sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);

exit_begin_add_column:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(pSrc);
  return;
}
#endif  /* SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE */

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that used to generate VDBE code
** that implements the ALTER TABLE command.
**
** $Id: alter.c,v 1.40 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The code in this file only exists if we are not omitting the
** ALTER TABLE logic from the build.
................................................................................
  ** table.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ){
    goto exit_rename_table;
  }
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, isVirtualRename, iDb);
  sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);

  /* If this is a virtual table, invoke the xRename() function if
  ** one is defined. The xRename() callback will modify the names
  ** of any resources used by the v-table implementation (including other
  ** SQLite tables) that are identified by the name of the virtual table.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
................................................................................
  pNew->addColOffset = pTab->addColOffset;
  pNew->nRef = 1;

  /* Begin a transaction and increment the schema cookie.  */
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( !v ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
  sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);

exit_begin_add_column:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(pSrc);
  return;
}
#endif  /* SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE */

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to implement the ATTACH and DETACH commands.
**
** $Id: attach.c,v 1.68 2008/01/12 19:03:49 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
/*
** Resolve an expression that was part of an ATTACH or DETACH statement. This
** is slightly different from resolving a normal SQL expression, because simple
................................................................................
      SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pKey))
  ){
    pParse->nErr++;
    goto attach_end;
  }

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  regArgs = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nFunc);
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFilename, regArgs);
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pDbname, regArgs+1);
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pKey, regArgs+2);

  assert( v || db->mallocFailed );
  if( v ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Function, 0, regArgs+3-nFunc, regArgs);

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to implement the ATTACH and DETACH commands.
**
** $Id: attach.c,v 1.69 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
/*
** Resolve an expression that was part of an ATTACH or DETACH statement. This
** is slightly different from resolving a normal SQL expression, because simple
................................................................................
      SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pKey))
  ){
    pParse->nErr++;
    goto attach_end;
  }

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  regArgs = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, 3);
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFilename, regArgs);
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pDbname, regArgs+1);
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pKey, regArgs+2);

  assert( v || db->mallocFailed );
  if( v ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Function, 0, regArgs+3-nFunc, regArgs);

**     CREATE INDEX
**     DROP INDEX
**     creating ID lists
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.466 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
................................................................................
**
** This plan is not completely bullet-proof.  It is possible for
** the schema to change multiple times and for the cookie to be
** set back to prior value.  But schema changes are infrequent
** and the probability of hitting the same cookie value is only
** 1 chance in 2^32.  So we're safe enough.
*/
void sqlite3ChangeCookie(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *v, int iDb){



  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie+1, 0);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 0);

}

/*
** Measure the number of characters needed to output the given
** identifier.  The number returned includes any quotes used
** but does not include the null terminator.
**
................................................................................
      p->zName,
      p->zName,
      pParse->regRoot,
      zStmt,
      pParse->regRowid
    );
    sqlite3_free(zStmt);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
    /* Check to see if we need to create an sqlite_sequence table for
    ** keeping track of autoincrement keys.
    */
    if( p->autoInc ){
      Db *pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
................................................................................
    /* Remove the table entry from SQLite's internal schema and modify
    ** the schema cookie.
    */
    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VDestroy, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);
  }
  sqliteViewResetAll(db, iDb);

exit_drop_table:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(pName);
}

................................................................................
    sqlite3_free(zStmt);

    /* Fill the index with data and reparse the schema. Code an OP_Expire
    ** to invalidate all pre-compiled statements.
    */
    if( pTblName ){
      sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, iMem);
      sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0,
         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q'", pIndex->zName), P4_DYNAMIC);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Expire, 0);
    }
  }

  /* When adding an index to the list of indices for a table, make
................................................................................
  if( v ){
    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
       "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE name=%Q",
       db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
       pIndex->zName
    );
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);
    destroyRootPage(pParse, pIndex->tnum, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropIndex, iDb, 0, 0, pIndex->zName, 0);
  }

exit_drop_index:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(pName);
}

**     CREATE INDEX
**     DROP INDEX
**     creating ID lists
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.467 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
................................................................................
**
** This plan is not completely bullet-proof.  It is possible for
** the schema to change multiple times and for the cookie to be
** set back to prior value.  But schema changes are infrequent
** and the probability of hitting the same cookie value is only
** 1 chance in 2^32.  So we're safe enough.
*/
void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
  int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie+1, r1);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 0, r1);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
}

/*
** Measure the number of characters needed to output the given
** identifier.  The number returned includes any quotes used
** but does not include the null terminator.
**
................................................................................
      p->zName,
      p->zName,
      pParse->regRoot,
      zStmt,
      pParse->regRowid
    );
    sqlite3_free(zStmt);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
    /* Check to see if we need to create an sqlite_sequence table for
    ** keeping track of autoincrement keys.
    */
    if( p->autoInc ){
      Db *pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
................................................................................
    /* Remove the table entry from SQLite's internal schema and modify
    ** the schema cookie.
    */
    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VDestroy, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
  }
  sqliteViewResetAll(db, iDb);

exit_drop_table:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(pName);
}

................................................................................
    sqlite3_free(zStmt);

    /* Fill the index with data and reparse the schema. Code an OP_Expire
    ** to invalidate all pre-compiled statements.
    */
    if( pTblName ){
      sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, iMem);
      sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0,
         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q'", pIndex->zName), P4_DYNAMIC);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Expire, 0);
    }
  }

  /* When adding an index to the list of indices for a table, make
................................................................................
  if( v ){
    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
       "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE name=%Q",
       db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb),
       pIndex->zName
    );
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    destroyRootPage(pParse, pIndex->tnum, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropIndex, iDb, 0, 0, pIndex->zName, 0);
  }

exit_drop_index:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(pName);
}

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** in order to generate code for DELETE FROM statements.
**
** $Id: delete.c,v 1.158 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Look up every table that is named in pSrc.  If any table is not found,
** add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and return NULL.  If all tables
** are found, return a pointer to the last table.
................................................................................
    /* This is the beginning of the delete loop. If a trigger encounters
    ** an IGNORE constraint, it jumps back to here.
    */
    if( triggers_exist ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addr);
    }
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FifoRead, iRowid, end);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_StackDepth, -1);

    if( triggers_exist ){
      int iData = ++pParse->nMem;   /* For storing row data of OLD table */

      /* If the record is no longer present in the table, jump to the
      ** next iteration of the loop through the contents of the fifo.
      */
................................................................................
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Table *pTab,       /* Table containing the row to be deleted */
  int iCur,          /* Cursor number for the table */
  int *aRegIdx       /* Only delete if aRegIdx!=0 && aRegIdx[i]>0 */
){
  int i;
  Index *pIdx;



  for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; i++, pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    if( aRegIdx!=0 && aRegIdx[i-1]==0 ) continue;
    sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iCur, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_IdxDelete, iCur+i, 0);
  }

}

/*
** Generate code that will assemble an index key and put it on the top
** of the tack.  The key with be for index pIdx which is an index on pTab.
** iCur is the index of a cursor open on the pTab table and pointing to
** the entry that needs indexing.

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** in order to generate code for DELETE FROM statements.
**
** $Id: delete.c,v 1.159 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Look up every table that is named in pSrc.  If any table is not found,
** add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and return NULL.  If all tables
** are found, return a pointer to the last table.
................................................................................
    /* This is the beginning of the delete loop. If a trigger encounters
    ** an IGNORE constraint, it jumps back to here.
    */
    if( triggers_exist ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addr);
    }
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FifoRead, iRowid, end);


    if( triggers_exist ){
      int iData = ++pParse->nMem;   /* For storing row data of OLD table */

      /* If the record is no longer present in the table, jump to the
      ** next iteration of the loop through the contents of the fifo.
      */
................................................................................
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Table *pTab,       /* Table containing the row to be deleted */
  int iCur,          /* Cursor number for the table */
  int *aRegIdx       /* Only delete if aRegIdx!=0 && aRegIdx[i]>0 */
){
  int i;
  Index *pIdx;
  int r1;

  r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; i++, pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    if( aRegIdx!=0 && aRegIdx[i-1]==0 ) continue;
    sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iCur, r1);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_IdxDelete, iCur+i, r1);
  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
}

/*
** Generate code that will assemble an index key and put it on the top
** of the tack.  The key with be for index pIdx which is an index on pTab.
** iCur is the index of a cursor open on the pTab table and pointing to
** the entry that needs indexing.

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used for analyzing expressions and
** for generating VDBE code that evaluates expressions in SQLite.
**
** $Id: expr.c,v 1.346 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
**
................................................................................
    memcpy(out, in, 8);
  }
  return out;
}

/*
** Generate an instruction that will put the floating point
** value described by z[0..n-1] on the stack.
**
** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the 
** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
** like the continuation of the number.
*/
static void codeReal(Vdbe *v, const char *z, int n, int negateFlag, int iMem){
  assert( z || v==0 || sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed );
................................................................................
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Real, 0, iMem, 0, zV, P4_REAL);
  }
}


/*
** Generate an instruction that will put the integer describe by
** text z[0..n-1] on the stack.
**
** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the 
** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
** like the continuation of the number.
*/
static void codeInteger(Vdbe *v, const char *z, int n, int negFlag, int iMem){
  assert( z || v==0 || sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed );
................................................................................
    }
  }
}


/*
** Generate code that will extract the iColumn-th column from
** table pTab and store the column value in register iMem, or on
** the stack if iMem==0.  There is an open cursor to pTab in 
** iTable.  If iColumn<0 then code is generated that extracts the rowid.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(
  Vdbe *v,         /* The VM being created */
  Table *pTab,     /* Description of the table we are reading from */
  int iColumn,     /* Index of the table column */
  int iTable,      /* The cursor pointing to the table */
................................................................................
  int op;                   /* The opcode being coded */
  int inReg = target;       /* Results stored in register inReg */
  int regFree1 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
  int regFree2 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
  int r1, r2, r3;           /* Various register numbers */

  assert( v!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  assert( target>=0 );
  if( v==0 ) return 0;

  if( pExpr==0 ){
    op = TK_NULL;
  }else{
    op = pExpr->op;
  }
................................................................................

/*
** Generate code that will evaluate expression pExpr and store the
** results in register target.  The results are guaranteed to appear
** in register target.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCode(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){



  int inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
  assert( pParse->pVdbe || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  if( inReg!=target && pParse->pVdbe ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, (inReg>0 ? OP_SCopy : OP_Move), 
                      inReg, target);
  }
  return target;
}

/*
** Generate code that evalutes the given expression and puts the result
** in register target.  If target==-1, then allocate a temporary register
................................................................................
  }
  return inReg;
}


/*
** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
** expression list onto the stack if target==0 or into a sequence of
** registers beginning at target.
**
** Return the number of elements evaluated.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,   /* The expression list to be coded */
  int target         /* Where to write results */
){
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  int i, n, incr = 1;
  assert( pList!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  if( pList==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  assert( target>=0 );
  n = pList->nExpr;
  if( target==0 ){
    incr = 0;
  }
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=n; i>0; i--, pItem++){
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pItem->pExpr, target);
    target += incr; 
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Generate code for a boolean expression such that a jump is made
** to the label "dest" if the expression is true but execution

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used for analyzing expressions and
** for generating VDBE code that evaluates expressions in SQLite.
**
** $Id: expr.c,v 1.347 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
**
................................................................................
    memcpy(out, in, 8);
  }
  return out;
}

/*
** Generate an instruction that will put the floating point
** value described by z[0..n-1] into register iMem.
**
** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the 
** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
** like the continuation of the number.
*/
static void codeReal(Vdbe *v, const char *z, int n, int negateFlag, int iMem){
  assert( z || v==0 || sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed );
................................................................................
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Real, 0, iMem, 0, zV, P4_REAL);
  }
}


/*
** Generate an instruction that will put the integer describe by
** text z[0..n-1] into register iMem.
**
** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the 
** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
** like the continuation of the number.
*/
static void codeInteger(Vdbe *v, const char *z, int n, int negFlag, int iMem){
  assert( z || v==0 || sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed );
................................................................................
    }
  }
}


/*
** Generate code that will extract the iColumn-th column from
** table pTab and store the column value in register iReg.
** There is an open cursor to pTab in 
** iTable.  If iColumn<0 then code is generated that extracts the rowid.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(
  Vdbe *v,         /* The VM being created */
  Table *pTab,     /* Description of the table we are reading from */
  int iColumn,     /* Index of the table column */
  int iTable,      /* The cursor pointing to the table */
................................................................................
  int op;                   /* The opcode being coded */
  int inReg = target;       /* Results stored in register inReg */
  int regFree1 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
  int regFree2 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
  int r1, r2, r3;           /* Various register numbers */

  assert( v!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
  if( v==0 ) return 0;

  if( pExpr==0 ){
    op = TK_NULL;
  }else{
    op = pExpr->op;
  }
................................................................................

/*
** Generate code that will evaluate expression pExpr and store the
** results in register target.  The results are guaranteed to appear
** in register target.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCode(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
  int inReg;

  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
  inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
  assert( pParse->pVdbe || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  if( inReg!=target && pParse->pVdbe ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_SCopy, inReg, target);

  }
  return target;
}

/*
** Generate code that evalutes the given expression and puts the result
** in register target.  If target==-1, then allocate a temporary register
................................................................................
  }
  return inReg;
}


/*
** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given

** expression list into a sequence of registers beginning at target.
**
** Return the number of elements evaluated.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,   /* The expression list to be coded */
  int target         /* Where to write results */
){
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  int i, n;
  assert( pList!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  if( pList==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  assert( target>0 );
  n = pList->nExpr;



  for(pItem=pList->a, i=n; i>0; i--, pItem++){
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pItem->pExpr, target);
    target++;
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Generate code for a boolean expression such that a jump is made
** to the label "dest" if the expression is true but execution

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: insert.c,v 1.224 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Set P4 of the most recently inserted opcode to a column affinity
** string for index pIdx. A column affinity string has one character
** for each column in the table, according to the affinity of the column:
................................................................................
  if( useTempTable ){
    iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, srcTab, iBreak);
    iCont = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
  }else if( pSelect ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iSelectLoop);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iInsertBlock);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_StackDepth, -1, 0);
  }

  /* Allocate registers for holding the rowid of the new row,
  ** the content of the new row, and the assemblied row record.
  */
  regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;
  regRowid = regIns = pParse->nMem+1;

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: insert.c,v 1.225 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Set P4 of the most recently inserted opcode to a column affinity
** string for index pIdx. A column affinity string has one character
** for each column in the table, according to the affinity of the column:
................................................................................
  if( useTempTable ){
    iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, srcTab, iBreak);
    iCont = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
  }else if( pSelect ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iSelectLoop);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iInsertBlock);

  }

  /* Allocate registers for holding the rowid of the new row,
  ** the content of the new row, and the assemblied row record.
  */
  regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;
  regRowid = regIns = pParse->nMem+1;

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to implement the PRAGMA command.
**
** $Id: pragma.c,v 1.167 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/* Ignore this whole file if pragmas are disabled
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)
................................................................................
  const char *zDb = 0;   /* The database name */
  Token *pId;            /* Pointer to <id> token */
  int iDb;               /* Database index for <database> */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Db *pDb;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe = sqlite3VdbeCreate(db);
  if( v==0 ) return;
  pParse->nMem = 1;

  /* Interpret the [database.] part of the pragma statement. iDb is the
  ** index of the database this pragma is being applied to in db.aDb[]. */
  iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pId1, pId2, &pId);
  if( iDb<0 ) return;
  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];

................................................................................
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(getCacheSize), getCacheSize);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+5, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE);
    }else{
      int size = atoi(zRight);
      if( size<0 ) size = -size;
      sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Integer, size);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, 0, 2);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, 0, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Integer, -size);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 2);
      pDb->pSchema->cache_size = size;
      sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pDb->pBt, pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
    }
  }else

  /*
  **  PRAGMA [database.]page_size
................................................................................
        break;
    }

    if( zRight && iDb>=0 ){
      /* Write the specified cookie value */
      static const VdbeOpList setCookie[] = {
        { OP_Transaction,    0,  1,  0},    /* 0 */
        { OP_Integer,        0,  0,  0},    /* 1 */
        { OP_SetCookie,      0,  0,  0},    /* 2 */
      };
      int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(setCookie), setCookie);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+1, atoi(zRight));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+2, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr+2, iCookie);
    }else{

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to implement the PRAGMA command.
**
** $Id: pragma.c,v 1.168 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/* Ignore this whole file if pragmas are disabled
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)
................................................................................
  const char *zDb = 0;   /* The database name */
  Token *pId;            /* Pointer to <id> token */
  int iDb;               /* Database index for <database> */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Db *pDb;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe = sqlite3VdbeCreate(db);
  if( v==0 ) return;
  pParse->nMem = 2;

  /* Interpret the [database.] part of the pragma statement. iDb is the
  ** index of the database this pragma is being applied to in db.aDb[]. */
  iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pId1, pId2, &pId);
  if( iDb<0 ) return;
  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];

................................................................................
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(getCacheSize), getCacheSize);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+5, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE);
    }else{
      int size = atoi(zRight);
      if( size<0 ) size = -size;
      sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, size, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_ReadCookie, iDb, 2, 2);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, 2, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -size, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, 2, 1);
      pDb->pSchema->cache_size = size;
      sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pDb->pBt, pDb->pSchema->cache_size);
    }
  }else

  /*
  **  PRAGMA [database.]page_size
................................................................................
        break;
    }

    if( zRight && iDb>=0 ){
      /* Write the specified cookie value */
      static const VdbeOpList setCookie[] = {
        { OP_Transaction,    0,  1,  0},    /* 0 */
        { OP_Integer,        0,  1,  0},    /* 1 */
        { OP_SetCookie,      0,  0,  1},    /* 2 */
      };
      int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(setCookie), setCookie);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+1, atoi(zRight));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addr+2, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr+2, iCookie);
    }else{

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.403 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/*
** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
** the select structure itself.
................................................................................

  switch( eDest ){
    /* In this mode, write each query result to the key of the temporary
    ** table iParm.
    */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
    case SRT_Union: {


      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MakeRecord, iMem, nColumn);
      if( aff ){
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, aff, P4_STATIC);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, 0);

      break;
    }

    /* Construct a record from the query result, but instead of
    ** saving that record, use it as a key to delete elements from
    ** the temporary table iParm.
    */
    case SRT_Except: {
      int addr;

      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MakeRecord, iMem, nColumn);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, aff, P4_STATIC);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotFound, iParm, addr+3);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iParm, 0);

      break;
    }
#endif

    /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
    */
    case SRT_Table:
................................................................................
    }
    case TK_INTERSECT: {
      int tab1, tab2;
      int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;
      int addr;
      SelectDest intersectdest;


      /* INTERSECT is different from the others since it requires
      ** two temporary tables.  Hence it has its own case.  Begin
      ** by allocating the tables we will need.
      */
      tab1 = pParse->nTab++;
      tab2 = pParse->nTab++;
................................................................................
        while( pFirst->pPrior ) pFirst = pFirst->pPrior;
        generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, pFirst->pEList);
      }
      iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, tab1, iBreak);

      iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RowKey, tab1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont);

      rc = selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, tab1, p->pEList->nExpr,
                             pOrderBy, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak, 0);
      if( rc ){
        rc = 1;
        goto multi_select_end;
      }
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.404 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/*
** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
** the select structure itself.
................................................................................

  switch( eDest ){
    /* In this mode, write each query result to the key of the temporary
    ** table iParm.
    */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
    case SRT_Union: {
      int r1;
      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, iMem, nColumn, r1);
      if( aff ){
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, aff, P4_STATIC);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      break;
    }

    /* Construct a record from the query result, but instead of
    ** saving that record, use it as a key to delete elements from
    ** the temporary table iParm.
    */
    case SRT_Except: {
      int addr, r1;
      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, iMem, nColumn, r1);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, aff, P4_STATIC);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotFound, iParm, addr+3, r1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, iParm);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      break;
    }
#endif

    /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
    */
    case SRT_Table:
................................................................................
    }
    case TK_INTERSECT: {
      int tab1, tab2;
      int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;
      int addr;
      SelectDest intersectdest;
      int r1;

      /* INTERSECT is different from the others since it requires
      ** two temporary tables.  Hence it has its own case.  Begin
      ** by allocating the tables we will need.
      */
      tab1 = pParse->nTab++;
      tab2 = pParse->nTab++;
................................................................................
        while( pFirst->pPrior ) pFirst = pFirst->pPrior;
        generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, pFirst->pEList);
      }
      iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, tab1, iBreak);
      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowKey, tab1, r1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont, r1);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      rc = selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, tab1, p->pEList->nExpr,
                             pOrderBy, -1, &dest, iCont, iBreak, 0);
      if( rc ){
        rc = 1;
        goto multi_select_end;
      }
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.650 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
#define _SQLITEINT_H_

/*
** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
................................................................................
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*);
FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,u8,int);
void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3SafetyOn(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3SafetyOff(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3SafetyCheck(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ChangeCookie(sqlite3*, Vdbe*, int);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
                           Expr*,int, int);
  void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
  void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
  void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.651 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
#define _SQLITEINT_H_

/*
** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
................................................................................
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*);
FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,u8,int);
void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3SafetyOn(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3SafetyOff(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3SafetyCheck(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
                           Expr*,int, int);
  void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
  void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
  void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);

    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
    z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pAll->z, pAll->n);
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
       "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
       db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), pTrig->name,
       pTrig->table, z);
    sqlite3_free(z);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0, sqlite3MPrintf(
        db, "type='trigger' AND name='%q'", pTrig->name), P4_DYNAMIC
    );
  }

  if( db->init.busy ){
    int n;
................................................................................
    };

    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
    base = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v,  ArraySize(dropTrigger), dropTrigger);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+1, pTrigger->name, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+4, "trigger", P4_STATIC);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iDb, 0, 0, pTrigger->name, 0);
  }
}

/*
** Remove a trigger from the hash tables of the sqlite* pointer.

    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
    z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pAll->z, pAll->n);
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
       "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
       db->aDb[iDb].zName, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb), pTrig->name,
       pTrig->table, z);
    sqlite3_free(z);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0, sqlite3MPrintf(
        db, "type='trigger' AND name='%q'", pTrig->name), P4_DYNAMIC
    );
  }

  if( db->init.busy ){
    int n;
................................................................................
    };

    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
    base = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v,  ArraySize(dropTrigger), dropTrigger);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+1, pTrigger->name, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+4, "trigger", P4_STATIC);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iDb, 0, 0, pTrigger->name, 0);
  }
}

/*
** Remove a trigger from the hash tables of the sqlite* pointer.

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle UPDATE statements.
**
** $Id: update.c,v 1.168 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Forward declaration */
static void updateVirtualTable(
  Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
................................................................................
  /* Jump back to this point if a trigger encounters an IGNORE constraint. */
  if( triggers_exist ){
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addr);
  }

  /* Top of the update loop */
  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FifoRead, regOldRowid, 0);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_StackDepth, -1, 0);

  if( triggers_exist ){
    int regRowid;
    int regRow;
    int regCols;

    /* Make cursor iCur point to the record that is being updated.

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle UPDATE statements.
**
** $Id: update.c,v 1.169 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Forward declaration */
static void updateVirtualTable(
  Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
................................................................................
  /* Jump back to this point if a trigger encounters an IGNORE constraint. */
  if( triggers_exist ){
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addr);
  }

  /* Top of the update loop */
  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FifoRead, regOldRowid, 0);


  if( triggers_exist ){
    int regRowid;
    int regRow;
    int regCols;

    /* Make cursor iCur point to the record that is being updated.

** In the external interface, an "sqlite3_stmt*" is an opaque pointer
** to a VDBE.
**
** The SQL parser generates a program which is then executed by
** the VDBE to do the work of the SQL statement.  VDBE programs are 
** similar in form to assembly language.  The program consists of
** a linear sequence of operations.  Each operation has an opcode 
** and 3 operands.  Operands P1 and P2 are integers.  Operand P4 
** is a null-terminated string.   The P2 operand must be non-negative.
** Opcodes will typically ignore one or more operands.  Many opcodes
** ignore all three operands.
**
** Computation results are stored on a stack.  Each entry on the

** stack is either an integer, a null-terminated string, a floating point
** number, or the SQL "NULL" value.  An inplicit conversion from one
** type to the other occurs as necessary.
** 
** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqlite3VdbeExec()
** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
** a program instruction by instruction.
................................................................................
**
** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.697 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include "vdbeInt.h"

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
................................................................................
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
int sqlite3_sort_count = 0;
#endif

/*
** The next global variable records the size of the largest MEM_Blob
** or MEM_Str that has appeared on the VDBE stack.  The test procedures
** use this information to make sure that the zero-blob functionality
** is working correctly.   This variable has no function other than to
** help verify the correct operation of the library.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
int sqlite3_max_blobsize = 0;
#endif
................................................................................
                                      && (P)->n>sqlite3_max_blobsize ) \
                                          {sqlite3_max_blobsize = (P)->n;}
#else
# define UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(P)
#endif

/*
** Release the memory associated with the given stack level.  This
** leaves the Mem.flags field in an inconsistent state.
*/
#define Release(P) if((P)->flags&MEM_Dyn){ sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(P); }

/*
** Convert the given stack entity into a string if it isn't one
** already. Return non-zero if a malloc() fails.
*/
#define Stringify(P, enc) \
   if(((P)->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 && sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(P,enc)) \
     { goto no_mem; }

/*
................................................................................
**
*/
#define GetVarint(A,B)  ((B = *(A))<=0x7f ? 1 : sqlite3GetVarint32(A, &B))

/*
** An ephemeral string value (signified by the MEM_Ephem flag) contains
** a pointer to a dynamically allocated string where some other entity
** is responsible for deallocating that string.  Because the stack entry
** does not control the string, it might be deleted without the stack
** entry knowing it.
**
** This routine converts an ephemeral string into a dynamically allocated
** string that the stack entry itself controls.  In other words, it
** converts an MEM_Ephem string into an MEM_Dyn string.
*/
#define Deephemeralize(P) \
   if( ((P)->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 \
       && sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(P) ){ goto no_mem;}

/*
** Call sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob() on the supplied value (type Mem*)
** P if required.
*/
#define ExpandBlob(P) (((P)->flags&MEM_Zero)?sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(P):0)

/*
** Argument pMem points at a memory cell that will be passed to a
** user-defined function or returned to the user as the result of a query.
** The second argument, 'db_enc' is the text encoding used by the vdbe for
** stack variables.  This routine sets the pMem->enc and pMem->type
** variables used by the sqlite3_value_*() routines.
*/
#define storeTypeInfo(A,B) _storeTypeInfo(A)
static void _storeTypeInfo(Mem *pMem){
  int flags = pMem->flags;
  if( flags & MEM_Null ){
    pMem->type = SQLITE_NULL;
................................................................................

/*
** Properties of opcodes.  The OPFLG_INITIALIZER macro is
** created by mkopcodeh.awk during compilation.  Data is obtained
** from the comments following the "case OP_xxxx:" statements in
** this file.  
*/
static unsigned short opcodeProperty[] = OPFLG_INITIALIZER;

/*
** Return true if an opcode has any of the OPFLG_xxx properties
** specified by mask.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(int opcode, int mask){
  assert( opcode>0 && opcode<sizeof(opcodeProperty) );
  return (opcodeProperty[opcode]&mask)!=0;
}

/*
** Pop the stack N times.
*/
static void popStack(Mem **ppTos, int N){
  Mem *pTos = *ppTos;
  while( N>0 ){
    N--;
    Release(pTos);
    pTos--;
  }
  *ppTos = pTos;
}

/*
** Allocate cursor number iCur.  Return a pointer to it.  Return NULL
** if we run out of memory.
*/
static Cursor *allocateCursor(Vdbe *p, int iCur, int iDb){
  Cursor *pCx;
  assert( iCur<p->nCursor );
................................................................................
  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
){
  int pc;                    /* The program counter */
  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
  Mem *pTos;                 /* Top entry in the operand stack */
  Mem *pIn1, *pIn2, *pIn3;   /* Input operands */
  Mem *pOut;                 /* Output operand */
  int nPop = 0;              /* Number of times to pop the stack */
  u8 opProperty;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  unsigned long long start;  /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
  int origPc;                /* Program counter at start of opcode */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  int nProgressOps = 0;      /* Opcodes executed since progress callback. */
#endif
#ifndef NDEBUG
  Mem *pStackLimit;
#endif

  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );
  pTos = p->pTos;
  sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(&p->aMutex);
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    goto no_mem;
  }
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  assert( p->explain==0 );
  if( p->popStack ){
    popStack(&pTos, p->popStack);
    p->popStack = 0;
  }
  p->pResultSet = 0;
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( p->pc==0 && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing)!=0
    || sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, "vdbe_explain", SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS))
................................................................................
  }
  if( sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, "vdbe_trace", SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS) ){
    p->trace = stdout;
  }
#endif
  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
    assert( pTos<=&p->aStack[pc] );
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    origPc = pc;
    start = hwtime();
#endif
    pOp = &p->aOp[pc];

................................................................................
        }
        nProgressOps = 0;
      }
      nProgressOps++;
    }
#endif

#ifndef NDEBUG
    /* This is to check to make sure that the OPFLG_PUSH property
    ** is set correctly on all opcodes.
    */ 
    pStackLimit = pTos;
    if( sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(pOp->opcode, OPFLG_PUSH) ){
      pStackLimit++;
    }
    assert( pTos>=&p->aStack[-1] && pTos<=pStackLimit );
#endif

    /* Do common setup processing for any opcode that is marked
    ** with the "out2-prerelease" tag.  Such opcodes have a single
    ** output which is specified by the P2 parameter.  The output
    ** is normally written into the P2-th register.  But if P2==0
    ** then the output is pushed onto the stack.  The P2 operand
    ** is initialized to a NULL.
    */
    opProperty = opcodeProperty[pOp->opcode];
    if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
      if( pOp->p2==0 ){
        pOut = ++pTos;
      }else{
        assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
        pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pOut);
      }
      pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
    }else
 
    /* Do common setup for opcodes marked with one of the following
    ** combinations of properties.
    **
    **           in1
    **           in1 in2
    **           in1 in2 out3
    **           in1 in3
    **           in1 out2
    **
    ** Variables pIn1 and pIn2 are made to point to the first two
    ** inputs and pOut points to the output.  Variable nPop holds the
    ** number of times that the stack should be popped after the
    ** the instruction.
    */
    if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN1)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
      if( pOp->p1==0 ){
        pIn1 = pTos;
        nPop = 1;
      }else{
        assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
        pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
      }
      if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
        if( pOp->p2==0 ){
          pIn2 = &pTos[-nPop];
          nPop++;
        }else{
          assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
          pIn2 = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
          REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pIn2);
        }
        if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 ){
          assert( pOp->p3>=0 );
          if( pOp->p3==0 ){
            nPop--;
            if( nPop<0 ){
              assert( nPop==(-1) );
              pTos++;
              nPop = 0;
            }
            pOut = &pTos[-nPop];
          }else{
            assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
            pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
          }
        }
      }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p3>=0 );
        if( pOp->p3==0 ){
          pIn3 = &pTos[-nPop];
          nPop++;
        }else{
          assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
          pIn3 = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
          REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pIn3);
        }
      }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT2)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
        if( pOp->p2==0 ){
          nPop--;
          if( nPop<0 ){
            assert( nPop==(-1) );
            pTos++;
            nPop = 0;
          }
          pOut = &pTos[-nPop];
        }else{
          assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
          pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
        }
      }
    }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
      if( pOp->p2==0 ){
        pIn2 = pTos;
        nPop = 1;
      }else{
        assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
        pIn2 = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pIn2);
      }
    }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p3>=0 );
      if( pOp->p3==0 ){
        pIn3 = pTos;
        nPop = 1;
      }else{
        assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
        pIn3 = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pIn3);
      }
    }

    switch( pOp->opcode ){

/*****************************************************************************
** What follows is a massive switch statement where each case implements a
** separate instruction in the virtual machine.  If we follow the usual
** indentation conventions, each case should be indented by 6 spaces.  But
................................................................................
** file looking for lines that begin with "case OP_".  The opcodes.h files
** will be filled with #defines that give unique integer values to each
** opcode and the opcodes.c file is filled with an array of strings where
** each string is the symbolic name for the corresponding opcode.  If the
** case statement is followed by a comment of the form "/# same as ... #/"
** that comment is used to determine the particular value of the opcode.
**
** If a comment on the same line as the "case OP_" construction contains
** the word "no-push", then the opcode is guarenteed not to grow the 
** vdbe stack when it is executed. See function opcode() in
** vdbeaux.c for details.
**
** Documentation about VDBE opcodes is generated by scanning this file
** for lines of that contain "Opcode:".  That line and all subsequent
** comment lines are used in the generation of the opcode.html documentation
** file.
**
** SUMMARY:
**
**     Formatting is important to scripts that scan this file.
**     Do not deviate from the formatting style currently in use.
**
*****************************************************************************/

/* Opcode:  Goto * P2 *
**
** An unconditional jump to address P2.
** The next instruction executed will be 
** the one at index P2 from the beginning of
** the program.
*/
case OP_Goto: {             /* no-push, jump */
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Gosub * P2 *
**
** Push the current address plus 1 onto the return address stack
** and then jump to address P2.
**
** The return address stack is of limited depth.  If too many
** OP_Gosub operations occur without intervening OP_Returns, then
** the return address stack will fill up and processing will abort
** with a fatal error.
*/
case OP_Gosub: {            /* no-push, jump */
  assert( p->returnDepth<sizeof(p->returnStack)/sizeof(p->returnStack[0]) );
  p->returnStack[p->returnDepth++] = pc+1;
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Return * * *
**
** Jump immediately to the next instruction after the last unreturned
** OP_Gosub.  If an OP_Return has occurred for all OP_Gosubs, then
** processing aborts with a fatal error.
*/
case OP_Return: {           /* no-push */
  assert( p->returnDepth>0 );
  p->returnDepth--;
  pc = p->returnStack[p->returnDepth] - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 P4
**
** Exit immediately.  All open cursors, Fifos, etc are closed
** automatically.
**
** P1 is the result code returned by sqlite3_exec(), sqlite3_reset(),
** or sqlite3_finalize().  For a normal halt, this should be SQLITE_OK (0).
** For errors, it can be some other value.  If P1!=0 then P2 will determine
................................................................................
**
** If P4 is not null then it is an error message string.
**
** There is an implied "Halt 0 0 0" instruction inserted at the very end of
** every program.  So a jump past the last instruction of the program
** is the same as executing Halt.
*/
case OP_Halt: {            /* no-push */
  p->pTos = pTos;
  p->rc = pOp->p1;
  p->pc = pc;
  p->errorAction = pOp->p2;
  if( pOp->p4.z ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, pOp->p4.z, (char*)0);
  }
  rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
................................................................................
    p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
  }else{
    rc = p->rc ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_DONE;
  }
  goto vdbe_return;
}

/* Opcode:  StackDepth P1 * *
**
** If P1 is less than zero, then store the current stack depth
** in P1.  If P1 is zero or greater, verify that the current stack
** depth is equal to P1 and throw an exception if it is not.
**
** This opcode is used for internal consistency checking.
*/
case OP_StackDepth: {       /* no-push */
  int n = pTos - p->aStack + 1;
  if( pOp->p1<0 ){
    pOp->p1 = n;
  }else if( pOp->p1!=n ){
    p->pTos = pTos;
    p->rc = rc = SQLITE_INTERNAL;
    p->pc = pc;
    p->errorAction = OE_Rollback;
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "internal error: VDBE stack leak", (char*)0);
    goto vdbe_return;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Integer P1 P2 * * *
**
** The 32-bit integer value P1 is written into register P2, or 
** pushed onto the stack if P2==0.
*/
case OP_Integer: {         /* out2-prerelease */
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  pOut->u.i = pOp->p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Int64 * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit integer value.
** Write that value into register P2 or push onto the stack if P2 is 0.
*/
case OP_Int64: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p4.pI64!=0 );
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  pOut->u.i = *pOp->p4.pI64;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Real * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit floating point value.
** Write that value into register P2 or push onto the stack if P2 is 0.
*/
case OP_Real: {            /* same as TK_FLOAT, out2-prerelease */
  pOut->flags = MEM_Real;
  pOut->r = *pOp->p4.pReal;
  break;
}

................................................................................
    goto too_big;
  }
  /* Fall through to the next case, OP_String */
}
  
/* Opcode: String P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** The string value P4 of length P1 (bytes) is stored in register P2
** or is pushed onto the stack if P2==0.
*/
case OP_String: {          /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p4.z!=0 );
  pOut->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|MEM_Term;
  pOut->z = pOp->p4.z;
  pOut->n = pOp->p1;
  pOut->enc = encoding;
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Null * P2 * * *
**
** Write a NULL into register P2 or push a NULL onto the stack 
** if P2==0.
*/
case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  break;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
/* Opcode: HexBlob * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is an UTF-8 SQL hex encoding of a blob. The blob is stored in
** register P2 or pushed onto the stack if P2 is zero.
**
** The first time this instruction executes, in transforms itself into a
** 'Blob' opcode with a binary blob as P4.
*/
case OP_HexBlob: {            /* same as TK_BLOB, out2-prerelease */
  pOp->opcode = OP_Blob;
  pOp->p1 = strlen(pOp->p4.z)/2;
................................................................................
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL */

/* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 * * *
**
** The value of variable P1 is written into register P2 or pushed
** onto the stack if P2 is zero.  A variable is
** an unknown in the original SQL string as handed to sqlite3_compile().
** Any occurance of the '?' character in the original SQL is considered
** a variable.  Variables in the SQL string are number from left to
** right beginning with 1.  The values of variables are set using the
** sqlite3_bind() API.
*/
case OP_Variable: {           /* out2-prerelease */
................................................................................
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, &p->aVar[j], MEM_Static);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 * * *
**
** Move the value in P1 into P2.  If P1 is positive then read from the
** P1-th register.  If P1 is zero or negative read from the stack.
** When P1 is 0 read from the top the stack.  When P1 is -1 read from
** the next entry down on the stack.  And so forth.
**
** If P2 is zero, push the new value onto the top of the stack.  
** If P2 is positive, write into the P2-th register.
**
** If P1 is zero then the stack is popped once.  The stack is
** unchanged for all other values of P1.  The P1 value contains
** a NULL after this operation.
*/
/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 * * *
**
** Make a copy of P1 into P2.  If P1 is positive then read from the
** P1-th register.  If P1 is zero or negative read from the stack.
** When P1 is 0 read from the top the stack.  When P1 is -1 read from
** the next entry down on the stack.  And so forth.
**
** If P2 is zero, push the new value onto the top of the stack.  
** If P2 is positive, write into the P2-th register.
**
** This instruction makes a deep copy of the value.  A duplicate
** is made of any string or blob constant.  See also OP_SCopy.
*/
/* Opcode: SCopy P1 P2 * * *
**
** Make a shallow copy of P1 into P2.  If P1 is positive then read from the
** P1-th register.  If P1 is zero or negative read from the stack.
** When P1 is 0 read from the top the stack.  When P1 is -1 read from
** the next entry down on the stack.  And so forth.
**
** If P2 is zero, push the new value onto the top of the stack.  
** If P2 is positive, write into the P2-th register.
**
** This instruction makes a shallow copy of the value.  If the value
** is a string or blob, then the copy is only a pointer to the
** original and hence if the original changes so will the copy.
** Worse, if the original is deallocated, the copy becomes invalid.
** Thus the program must guarantee that the original will not change
** during the lifetime of the copy.  Use OP_Copy to make a complete
** copy.
*/
case OP_Move:
case OP_Copy:
case OP_SCopy: {
  if( pOp->p1<=0 ){
    pIn1 = &pTos[pOp->p1];
    assert( pIn1>=p->aStack );
  }else{
    assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
    pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  }
  assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
  if( pOp->p2==0 ){
    pOut = ++pTos;
    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  }else{
    assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
    pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  }
  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Move ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
    if( pOp->p1==0 ) pTos--;
  }else{
    Release(pOut);
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Copy ){
      Deephemeralize(pOut);
    }
  }
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 *
**
** The registers P1 throught P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
** results. This opcode causes the sqlite3_step() call to terminate
** with an SQLITE_ROW return code and it sets up the sqlite3_stmt
** structure to provide access to the top P1 values as the result
** row.  When the sqlite3_step() function is run again, the top P1
** values will be automatically popped from the stack before the next
** instruction executes.
*/
case OP_ResultRow: {            /* no-push */
  Mem *pMem;
  int i;
  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p2 );
  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=p->nMem );

  /* Data in the pager might be moved or changed out from under us
  ** in between the return from this sqlite3_step() call and the
  ** next call to sqlite3_step().  So deephermeralize everything on 
  ** the stack.  Note that ephemeral data is never stored in memory 
  ** cells so we do not have to worry about them.
  */
  for(pMem = p->aStack; pMem<=pTos; pMem++){
    Deephemeralize(pMem);
  }

  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;

  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are deephemeralized as
  ** as side effect.
  */
................................................................................
    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
    storeTypeInfo(&pMem[i], encoding);
  }

  /* Return SQLITE_ROW
  */
  p->nCallback++;
  p->popStack = 0;
  p->pc = pc + 1;
  p->pTos = pTos;
  rc = SQLITE_ROW;
  goto vdbe_return;
}

/* Opcode: Concat P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Add the text in register P1 onto the end of the text in
................................................................................
*/
/* Opcode: Subtract P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Subtract the value in P1 from the value in P2 and store the result
** in P3.
** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
/* Opcode: Divide * * *
**
** Divide the value in P1 by the value in P2 and store the result
** in P3.  If the value in P2 is zero, then the result is NULL.
** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
/* Opcode: Remainder * * *
**
** Compute the remainder after integer division of the value in
** register P1 by the value in register P2 and store the result in P3. 
** If the value in register P2 is zero the result is NULL.
** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
case OP_Add:                   /* same as TK_PLUS, in1, in2, out3 */
................................................................................
** be returned. This is used by the built-in min(), max() and nullif()
** functions.
**
** The interface used by the implementation of the aforementioned functions
** to retrieve the collation sequence set by this opcode is not available
** publicly, only to user functions defined in func.c.
*/
case OP_CollSeq: {             /* no-push */
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a Function structure that
** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
** successors, or if P2==0 from the stack.  The result of the function
** is stored in register P3 or on the stack if P3==0.
**
** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
** invocation of this opcode.
................................................................................
  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;
  int n = pOp->p5;

  apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( apVal || n==0 );

  if( pOp->p2==0 ){
    pArg = &pTos[1-n];
  }else{
    pArg = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  }
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pArg++){
    apVal[i] = pArg;
    storeTypeInfo(pArg, encoding);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pArg);
  }

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF || pOp->p4type==P4_VDBEFUNC );
................................................................................
    ** Note: Maybe MemRelease() should be called if sqlite3SafetyOn()
    ** fails also (the if(...) statement above). But if people are
    ** misusing sqlite, they have bigger problems than a leaked value.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&ctx.s);
    goto no_mem;
  }
  if( pOp->p2==0 ){
    popStack(&pTos, n);
  }

  /* If any auxilary data functions have been called by this user function,
  ** immediately call the destructor for any non-static values.
  */
  if( ctx.pVdbeFunc ){
    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(ctx.pVdbeFunc, pOp->p1);
    pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc = ctx.pVdbeFunc;
................................................................................

  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
  if( ctx.isError ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3_value_text(&ctx.s), (char*)0);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

  /* Copy the result of the function to the top of the stack */
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&ctx.s, encoding);
  if( pOp->p3==0 ){
    pOut = ++pTos;
  }else{
    pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  }
  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, &ctx.s);
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ){
    goto too_big;
  }
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: AddImm  P1 P2 * * *
** 
** Add P2 the value in register P1.
** The result is always an integer.
**
** To force any register to be an integer, just add 0.
*/
case OP_AddImm: {            /* no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p2;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ForceInt P1 P2 P3 * *
**
................................................................................
** in P1 is not numeric (meaning that is is a NULL or a string that
** does not look like an integer or floating point number) then
** jump to P2.  If the value in P1 is numeric then
** convert it into the least integer that is greater than or equal to its
** current value if P3==0, or to the least integer that is strictly
** greater than its current value if P3==1.
*/
case OP_ForceInt: {            /* no-push, jump, in1 */
  i64 v;
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
  if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    break;
  }
  nPop = 0;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    v = pIn1->u.i + (pOp->p3!=0);
  }else{
    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
    v = (sqlite3_int64)pIn1->r;
    if( pIn1->r>(double)v ) v++;
    if( pOp->p3 && pIn1->r==(double)v ) v++;
................................................................................
  }
  Release(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i = v;
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MustBeInt P1 P2 P3
** 
** Force the value in register P1 to be an integer.  If P1==0 then
** use the top of the stack.  If the value in P1 
** is not an integer and cannot be converted into an integer
** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.
**
** If the P1==0 and the top of the stack is not an integer
** and P2 is not zero and P3 is 1, then the stack is popped.
** In all other cases, the depth of the stack is unchanged.
*/
case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* no-push, jump, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
    if( pOp->p2==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }else{
      if( pOp->p3 && pOp->p1==0 ){
        popStack(&pTos, 1);
      }
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    }
  }else{
    Release(pIn1);
    pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  }
  break;
................................................................................
** If register P1 holds an integer convert it to a real value.
**
** This opcode is used when extracting information from a column that
** has REAL affinity.  Such column values may still be stored as
** integers, for space efficiency, but after extraction we want them
** to have only a real value.
*/
case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 to be text.
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string using the
** equivalent of printf().  Blob values are unchanged and
** are afterwards simply interpreted as text.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToText: {                  /* same as TK_TO_TEXT, no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  assert( MEM_Str==(MEM_Blob>>3) );
  pIn1->flags |= (pIn1->flags&MEM_Blob)>>3;
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str );
  pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Blob);
................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 to be a BLOB.
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string first.
** Strings are simply reinterpreted as blobs with no change
** to the underlying data.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToBlob: {                  /* same as TK_TO_BLOB, no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
    applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str );
    pIn1->flags |= MEM_Blob;
  }
  pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str);
................................................................................
** integer or a floating-point number.)
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an using the
** equivalent of atoi() or atof() and store 0 if no such conversion 
** is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToNumeric: {                  /* same as TK_TO_NUMERIC, no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 be an integer.  If
** The value is currently a real number, drop its fractional part.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToInt: {                  /* same as TK_TO_INT, no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 to be a floating point number.
** If The value is currently an integer, convert it.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToReal: {                  /* same as TK_TO_REAL, no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
** numeric, then a numeric comparison is used. If the two values
** are of different types, then numbers are considered less than
** strings and strings are considered less than blobs.
**
** If the SQLITE_STOREP2 bit of P5 is set, then do not jump.  Instead,
** store a boolean result (either 0, or 1, or NULL) in register P2.
*/
/* Opcode: Ne P1 P2 P4
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are not equal.  See the Lt opcode for
** additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Eq P1 P2 P4
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are equal.
** See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Le P1 P2 P4
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the content of register P3 is less than or equal to the content of
** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Gt P1 P2 P4
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the content of register P3 is greater than the content of
** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Ge P1 P2 P4
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the content of register P3 is greater than or equal to the content of
** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
case OP_Eq:               /* same as TK_EQ, no-push, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ne:               /* same as TK_NE, no-push, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, no-push, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, no-push, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, no-push, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, no-push, jump, in1, in3 */
  int flags;
  int res;
  char affinity;
  Mem x1, x3;

  flags = pIn1->flags|pIn3->flags;

  /* If either value is a NULL P2 is not zero, take the jump if the least
  ** significant byte of P1 is true. If P2 is zero, then push a NULL onto
  ** the stack.
  */
  if( flags&MEM_Null ){
    if( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQUAL)!=0 ){
      /*
      ** When SQLITE_NULLEQUAL set and either operand is NULL
      ** then both operands are converted to integers prior to being 
      ** passed down into the normal comparison logic below.  
      ** NULL operands are converted to zero and non-NULL operands
................................................................................

/* Opcode: Not P1 * * * *
**
** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Replace it
** with its complement.  If the value in register P1 is NULL its value
** is unchanged.
*/
case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;  /* Do nothing to NULLs */
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i = !pIn1->u.i;
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  break;
}

/* Opcode: BitNot P1 * * * *
**
** Interpret the content of register P1 as an integer.  Replace it
** with its ones-complement.  If the value is originally NULL, leave
** it unchanged.
*/
case OP_BitNot: {             /* same as TK_BITNOT, no-push, in1 */
  nPop = 0;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;  /* Do nothing to NULLs */
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i = ~pIn1->u.i;
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  break;
}

................................................................................
/*
** The magic Explain opcode are only inserted when explain==2 (which
** is to say when the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN syntax is used.)
** This opcode records information from the optimizer.  It is the
** the same as a no-op.  This opcodesnever appears in a real VM program.
*/
case OP_Explain:
case OP_Noop: {            /* no-push */
  break;
}

/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value is
** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
................................................................................
*/
/* Opcode: IfNot P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value is
** is considered true if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
*/
case OP_If:                 /* no-push, jump, in1 */
case OP_IfNot: {            /* no-push, jump, in1 */
  int c;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    c = pOp->p3;
  }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    c = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
#else
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.  If P3 is greater
** than zero, then check all values reg(P1), reg(P1+1), 
** reg(P1+2), ..., reg(P1+P3-1).
**
** If P1 is 0 then use the top of the stack instead of a register
** and pop the stack regardless of whether or not the jump is taken.
*/
case OP_IsNull: {            /* same as TK_ISNULL, no-push, jump, in1 */
  int n = pOp->p3;
  assert( pOp->p3==0 || pOp->p1>0 );
  do{
    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      break;
    }
................................................................................
  }while( --n > 0 );
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.  
**
** If P1 is 0 then use the top of the stack instead of a register
** and pop the stack regardless of whether or not the jump is taken.
*/
case OP_NotNull: {            /* same as TK_NOTNULL, no-push, jump, in1 */
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: SetNumColumns P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
** opcode must be called to set the number of fields in the table.
**
** This opcode sets the number of columns for cursor P1 to P2.
**
** If OP_KeyAsData is to be applied to cursor P1, it must be executed
** before this op-code.
*/
case OP_SetNumColumns: {       /* no-push */
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( (pOp->p1)<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]!=0 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  pC->nField = pOp->p2;
  break;
}
................................................................................
**
** Interpret the data that cursor P1 points to as a structure built using
** the MakeRecord instruction.  (See the MakeRecord opcode for additional
** information about the format of the data.)  Extract the P2-th column
** from this record.  If there are less that (P2+1) 
** values in the record, extract a NULL.
**
** The value extracted is pushed onto the stack.  Or if P3 is a positive
** non-zero integer register number, then the value is written into that
** register.
**
** If the KeyAsData opcode has previously executed on this cursor, then the
** field might be extracted from the key rather than the data.
**
** If the column contains fewer than P2 fields, then extract a NULL.  Or,
** if the P4 argument is a P4_MEM use the value of the P4 argument as
** the result.
................................................................................
  int i;             /* Loop counter */
  char *zData;       /* Part of the record being decoded */
  Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */
  Mem sMem;          /* For storing the record being decoded */

  sMem.flags = 0;
  assert( p1<p->nCursor );
  if( pOp->p3>0 ){
    pDest = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  }else{
    pDest = ++pTos;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);

  /* This block sets the variable payloadSize to be the total number of
  ** bytes in the record.
  **
  ** zRec is set to be the complete text of the record if it is available.
  ** The complete record text is always available for pseudo-tables
  ** If the record is stored in a cursor, the complete record text
  ** might be available in the  pC->aRow cache.  Or it might not be.
  ** If the data is unavailable,  zRec is set to NULL.
  **
  ** We also compute the number of columns in the record.  For cursors,
  ** the number of columns is stored in the Cursor.nField element.  For
  ** records on the stack, the next entry down on the stack is an integer
  ** which is the number of records.
  */
  pC = p->apCsr[p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  assert( pC->pVtabCursor==0 );
#endif
  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
................................................................................
  }else{
    zRec = 0;
    payloadSize = 0;
    pCrsr = 0;
    nField = 0;
  }

  /* If payloadSize is 0, then just push a NULL onto the stack. */
  if( payloadSize==0 ){
    assert( pDest->flags==MEM_Null );
    goto op_column_out;
  }
  if( payloadSize>SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH ){
    goto too_big;
  }
................................................................................
        aOffset[i] = offset;
        zIdx += GetVarint(zIdx, aType[i]);
        offset += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(aType[i]);
      }else{
        /* If i is less that nField, then there are less fields in this
        ** record than SetNumColumns indicated there are columns in the
        ** table. Set the offset for any extra columns not present in
        ** the record to 0. This tells code below to push a NULL onto the
        ** stack instead of deserializing a value from the record.
        */
        aOffset[i] = 0;
      }
    }
    Release(&sMem);
    sMem.flags = MEM_Null;

................................................................................
** the OP_Column opcode can decode the record later and as long as the
** sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare function will correctly compare two encoded
** records.  Refer to source code comments for the details of the record
** format.
**
** P4 may be a string that is P1 characters long.  The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** field of the index key (i.e. the first character of P4 corresponds to the
** lowest element on the stack).
**
** The mapping from character to affinity is given by the SQLITE_AFF_
** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
**
** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity NONE.
*/
case OP_MakeRecord: {
................................................................................
  /* Assuming the record contains N fields, the record format looks
  ** like this:
  **
  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ** | hdr-size | type 0 | type 1 | ... | type N-1 | data0 | ... | data N-1 | 
  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **
  ** Data(0) is taken from the lowest element of the stack and data(N-1) is
  ** the top of the stack.
  **
  ** Each type field is a varint representing the serial type of the 
  ** corresponding data element (see sqlite3VdbeSerialType()). The
  ** hdr-size field is also a varint which is the offset from the beginning
  ** of the record to data0.
  */
  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
................................................................................
    i += sqlite3PutVarint(&zNewRecord[i], serial_type);      /* serial type */
  }
  for(pRec=pData0; pRec<=pLast; pRec++){  /* serial data */
    i += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&zNewRecord[i], nByte-i, pRec, file_format);
  }
  assert( i==nByte );

  if( pOp->p3==0 ){
    pOut = ++pTos;
  }else{
    pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
    Release(pOut);
  }
  pOut->n = nByte;
  if( nByte<=sizeof(zTemp) ){
    assert( zNewRecord==(unsigned char *)zTemp );
    pOut->z = pOut->zShort;
    memcpy(pOut->zShort, zTemp, nByte);
    pOut->flags = MEM_Blob | MEM_Short;
  }else{
................................................................................
** entire transaction.  The statement transaction will automatically
** commit when the VDBE halts.
**
** The statement is begun on the database file with index P1.  The main
** database file has an index of 0 and the file used for temporary tables
** has an index of 1.
*/
case OP_Statement: {       /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Btree *pBt;
  if( i>=0 && i<db->nDb && (pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt)!=0
        && (db->autoCommit==0 || db->activeVdbeCnt>1) ){
    assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) );
    assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<i))!=0 );
    if( !sqlite3BtreeIsInStmt(pBt) ){
................................................................................
**
** Set the database auto-commit flag to P1 (1 or 0). If P2 is true, roll
** back any currently active btree transactions. If there are any active
** VMs (apart from this one), then the COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement fails.
**
** This instruction causes the VM to halt.
*/
case OP_AutoCommit: {       /* no-push */
  u8 i = pOp->p1;
  u8 rollback = pOp->p2;

  assert( i==1 || i==0 );
  assert( i==1 || rollback==0 );

  assert( db->activeVdbeCnt>0 );  /* At least this one VM is active */
................................................................................
    if( pOp->p2 ){
      assert( i==1 );
      sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
      db->autoCommit = 1;
    }else{
      db->autoCommit = i;
      if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
        p->pTos = pTos;
        p->pc = pc;
        db->autoCommit = 1-i;
        p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
        goto vdbe_return;
      }
    }
    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
................................................................................
** underway.  Starting a write transaction also creates a rollback journal. A
** write transaction must be started before any changes can be made to the
** database.  If P2 is 2 or greater then an EXCLUSIVE lock is also obtained
** on the file.
**
** If P2 is zero, then a read-lock is obtained on the database file.
*/
case OP_Transaction: {       /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Btree *pBt;

  assert( i>=0 && i<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<i))!=0 );
  pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;

  if( pBt ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, pOp->p2);
    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
      p->pc = pc;
      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
      p->pTos = pTos;
      goto vdbe_return;
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_READONLY /* && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY */ ){
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ReadCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Read cookie number P3 from database P1 and write it into register
** P2 or push it onto the stack if P2==0.
** P3==0 is the schema version.  P3==1 is the database format.
** P3==2 is the recommended pager cache size, and so forth.  P1==0 is
** the main database file and P1==1 is the database file used to store
** temporary tables.
**
** If P1 is negative, then this is a request to read the size of a
** databases free-list. P3 must be set to 1 in this case. The actual
................................................................................
** P2==0 is the schema version.  P2==1 is the database format.
** P2==2 is the recommended pager cache size, and so forth.  P1==0 is
** the main database file and P1==1 is the database file used to store
** temporary tables.
**
** A transaction must be started before executing this opcode.
*/
case OP_SetCookie: {       /* no-push, in3 */
  Db *pDb;
  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
  assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
................................................................................
** This operation is used to detect when that the cookie has changed
** and that the current process needs to reread the schema.
**
** Either a transaction needs to have been started or an OP_Open needs
** to be executed (to establish a read lock) before this opcode is
** invoked.
*/
case OP_VerifyCookie: {       /* no-push */
  int iMeta;
  Btree *pBt;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
  if( pBt ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pBt, 1, (u32 *)&iMeta);
................................................................................
**
** This instruction works just like OpenRead except that it opens the cursor
** in read/write mode.  For a given table, there can be one or more read-only
** cursors or a single read/write cursor but not both.
**
** See also OpenRead.
*/
case OP_OpenRead:          /* no-push */
case OP_OpenWrite: {       /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  int p2 = pOp->p2;
  int iDb = pOp->p3;
  int wrFlag;
  Btree *pX;
  Cursor *pCur;
  Db *pDb;
................................................................................
    if( pDb->pSchema->file_format < p->minWriteFileFormat ){
      p->minWriteFileFormat = pDb->pSchema->file_format;
    }
  }else{
    wrFlag = 0;
  }
  if( pOp->p5 ){
    if( p2==0 ){
      assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
      sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pTos);
      p2 = pTos->u.i;
      assert( (pTos->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
      pTos--;
    }else{
      assert( p2<=p->nMem );
      pIn2 = &p->aMem[p2];
      sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
      p2 = pIn2->u.i;
    }
    assert( p2>=2 );
  }
  assert( i>=0 );
  pCur = allocateCursor(p, i, iDb);
  if( pCur==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCur->nullRow = 1;
  if( pX==0 ) break;
................................................................................
    pCur->pKeyInfo = 0;
    pCur->pIncrKey = &pCur->bogusIncrKey;
  }
  switch( rc ){
    case SQLITE_BUSY: {
      p->pc = pc;
      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
      p->pTos = &pTos[(pOp->p2<=0)]; /* Operands must remain on stack */
      goto vdbe_return;
    }
    case SQLITE_OK: {
      int flags = sqlite3BtreeFlags(pCur->pCursor);
      /* Sanity checking.  Only the lower four bits of the flags byte should
      ** be used.  Bit 3 (mask 0x08) is unpreditable.  The lower 3 bits
      ** (mask 0x07) should be either 5 (intkey+leafdata for tables) or
................................................................................
**
** This opcode was once called OpenTemp.  But that created
** confusion because the term "temp table", might refer either
** to a TEMP table at the SQL level, or to a table opened by
** this opcode.  Then this opcode was call OpenVirtual.  But
** that created confusion with the whole virtual-table idea.
*/
case OP_OpenEphemeral: {       /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pCx;
  static const int openFlags = 
      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
................................................................................
** closed.
**
** A pseudo-table created by this opcode is useful for holding the
** NEW or OLD tables in a trigger.  Also used to hold the a single
** row output from the sorter so that the row can be decomposed into
** individual columns using the OP_Column opcode.
*/
case OP_OpenPseudo: {       /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pCx;
  assert( i>=0 );
  pCx = allocateCursor(p, i, -1);
  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;
  pCx->pseudoTable = 1;
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: Close P1 * * * *
**
** Close a cursor previously opened as P1.  If P1 is not
** currently open, this instruction is a no-op.
*/
case OP_Close: {       /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  if( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor ){
    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[i]);
    p->apCsr[i] = 0;
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
** cursor P1 so that it points to the smallest entry that is greater
** than or equal to the key in register P3.
** If there are no records greater than or equal to the key and P2 
** is not zero, then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveLt, MoveGt, MoveLe
*/
/* Opcode: MoveGt P1 P2 *
**
** Use the value in register P3 as a key.  Reposition
** cursor P1 so that it points to the smallest entry that is greater
** than the key in register P3.
** If there are no records greater than the key and P2 is not zero,
** then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveLt, MoveGe, MoveLe
*/
/* Opcode: MoveLt P1 P2 *
**
** Use the value in register P3 as a key.  Reposition
** cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that is less
** than the key in register P3.
** If there are no records less than the key and P2 is not zero,
** then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveGt, MoveGe, MoveLe
*/
/* Opcode: MoveLe P1 P2 *
**
** Use the value in register P3 as a key.  Reposition
** cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that is less than
** or equal to the key.
** If there are no records less than or eqal to the key and P2 is not zero,
** then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveGt, MoveGe, MoveLt
*/
case OP_MoveLt:         /* no-push, jump, in3 */
case OP_MoveLe:         /* no-push, jump, in3 */
case OP_MoveGe:         /* no-push, jump, in3 */
case OP_MoveGt: {       /* no-push, jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
................................................................................
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  P1 is an index.
** If an entry that matches the top of the stack exists in P1 then
** jump to P2.  If the top of the stack does not match any entry in P1
** then fall thru.  The P1 cursor is left pointing at the matching entry
** if it exists.
**
** This instruction is used to implement the IN operator where the
** left-hand side is a SELECT statement.  P1 may be a true index, or it
** may be a temporary index that holds the results of the SELECT
** statement.   This instruction is also used to implement the
** DISTINCT keyword in SELECT statements.
**
** This instruction checks if index P1 contains a record for which 
** the first N serialised values exactly match the N serialised values
** in the record on the stack, where N is the total number of values in
** the stack record (stack record is a prefix of the P1 record). 
**
** See also: NotFound, MoveTo, IsUnique, NotExists
*/
/* Opcode: NotFound P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  P1 is
** an index.  If no entry exists in P1 that matches the blob then jump
** to P2.  If an entry does existing, fall through.  The cursor is left
** pointing to the entry that matches.  The blob is popped from the stack.
**
** The difference between this operation and Distinct is that
** Distinct does not pop the key from the stack.
**
** See also: Distinct, Found, MoveTo, NotExists, IsUnique
*/
case OP_NotFound:       /* no-push, jump, in3 */
case OP_Found: {        /* no-push, jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res;
................................................................................
** fields matches K but the rowid is different from R.
** If there is no such entry, then there is an immediate
** jump to P2.  If any entry does exist where the index string
** matches K but the record number is not R, then the record
** number for that entry is written into P3 and control
** falls through to the next instruction.
**
** See also: Distinct, NotFound, NotExists, Found
*/
case OP_IsUnique: {        /* no-push, jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pCx;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  Mem *pK;
  i64 R;

  /* Pop the value R off the top of the stack
  */
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  if( pOp->p4.i==0 ){
    assert( pOp->p3==0 );
    pK = &pIn3[-1];
  }else{
    pK = &p->aMem[pOp->p4.i];
  }
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
  R = pIn3->u.i;
  assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pCx = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pCx!=0 );
  pCrsr = pCx->pCursor;
................................................................................
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }
    if( v==R ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      break;
    }

    /* The final varint of the key is different from R.  Push it onto
    ** the stack.  (The record number of an entry that violates a UNIQUE
    ** constraint.)
    */
    nPop = 0;
    pIn3->u.i = v;
    assert( pIn3->flags==MEM_Int );
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotExists P1 P2 P3
**
** Use the top of the stack as a integer key. Or, if P3 is non-zero,
** use the contents of register P3 as an integer key. If a record 
** with that key does not exist in table of P1, then jump to P2. 
** If the record does exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left 
** pointing to the record if it exists. The integer key is popped 
** from the stack if P3==0.
**
** The difference between this operation and NotFound is that this
** operation assumes the key is an integer and that P1 is a table whereas
** NotFound assumes key is a blob constructed from MakeRecord and
** P1 is an index.
**
** See also: Distinct, Found, MoveTo, NotFound, IsUnique
*/
case OP_NotExists: {        /* no-push, jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
    int res;
................................................................................
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Sequence P1 P2 * * *
**
** Find the next available sequence number for cursor P1.
** Write the sequence number into register P2, or push it onto
** the stack if P2==0.
** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
** instruction.  
*/
case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
................................................................................
}


/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is pushed 
** onto the stack if P2 is 0 or written to register P2 otherwise.
**
** If P3>0 then P3 is a register that holds the largest previously
** generated record number.  No new record numbers are allowed to be less
** than this value.  When this value reaches its maximum, a SQLITE_FULL
** error is generated.  The P3 register is updated with the generated
** record number.  This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
................................................................................
** and register P2 becomes ephemeral.  If the cursor is changed, the
** value of register P2 will then change.  Make sure this does not
** cause any problems.)
**
** This instruction only works on tables.  The equivalent instruction
** for indices is OP_IdxInsert.
*/
case OP_Insert: {         /* no-push */
  Mem *pData = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  Mem *pKey = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];

  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
................................................................................
** a record from within an Next loop.
**
** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag of P2 is set, then the row change count is
** incremented (otherwise not).
**
** If P1 is a pseudo-table, then this instruction is a no-op.
*/
case OP_Delete: {        /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
    i64 iKey;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: ResetCount P1 * *
**
** This opcode resets the VMs internal change counter to 0. If P1 is true,
** then the value of the change counter is copied to the database handle
** change counter (returned by subsequent calls to sqlite3_changes())
** before it is reset. This is used by trigger programs.
*/
case OP_ResetCount: {        /* no-push */
  if( pOp->p1 ){
    sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
  }
  p->nChange = 0;
  break;
}

................................................................................
** If the cursor is not pointing to a valid row, a NULL value is
** written into P2.
*/
/* Opcode: RowKey P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write into register P2 the complete row key for cursor P1.
** There is no interpretation of the data.  
** It is just copied onto the stack or into the memory cell exactly as 
** it is found in the database file.
**
** If the cursor is not pointing to a valid row, a NULL is
** written into P2.
*/
case OP_RowKey:             /* out2-prerelease */
case OP_RowData: {          /* out2-prerelease */
................................................................................
    v = keyToInt(v);
  }
  pOut->u.i = v;
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * *
**
** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always push 
** a NULL onto the stack.
*/
case OP_NullRow: {        /* no-push */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pC->nullRow = 1;
  pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 *
**
** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
** to the following instruction.
*/
case OP_Last: {        /* no-push, jump */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
................................................................................
  }else{
    pC->nullRow = 0;
  }
  break;
}


/* Opcode: Sort P1 P2 *
**
** This opcode does exactly the same thing as OP_Rewind except that
** it increments an undocumented global variable used for testing.
**
** Sorting is accomplished by writing records into a sorting index,
** then rewinding that index and playing it back from beginning to
** end.  We use the OP_Sort opcode instead of OP_Rewind to do the
** rewinding so that the global variable will be incremented and
** regression tests can determine whether or not the optimizer is
** correctly optimizing out sorts.
*/
case OP_Sort: {        /* no-push, jump */
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  sqlite3_sort_count++;
  sqlite3_search_count--;
#endif
  /* Fall through into OP_Rewind */
}
/* Opcode: Rewind P1 P2 *
**
** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
** will refer to the first entry in the database table or index.
** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
** to the following instruction.
*/
case OP_Rewind: {        /* no-push, jump */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
................................................................................
  pC->nullRow = res;
  if( res && pOp->p2>0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Next P1 P2 *
**
** Advance cursor P1 so that it points to the next key/data pair in its
** table or index.  If there are no more key/value pairs then fall through
** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor advance was successful,
** jump immediately to P2.
**
** See also: Prev
*/
/* Opcode: Prev P1 P2 *
**
** Back up cursor P1 so that it points to the previous key/data pair in its
** table or index.  If there is no previous key/value pairs then fall through
** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor backup was successful,
** jump immediately to P2.
*/
case OP_Prev:          /* no-push, jump */
case OP_Next: {        /* no-push, jump */
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;

  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( pC==0 ){
................................................................................
  }else{
    pC->nullRow = 1;
  }
  pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxInsert P1 P2 P3
**
** Register P2 holds a SQL index key made using the
** MakeIdxRec instructions.  This opcode writes that key
** into the index P1.  Data for the entry is nil.
**
** P3 is a flag that provides a hint to the b-tree layer that this
** insert is likely to be an append.
**
** This instruction only works for indices.  The equivalent instruction
** for tables is OP_Insert.
*/
case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* no-push, in2 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
................................................................................
      assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
      pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxDelete P1 P2 *
**
** The content of register P2 is an index key built using the either the
** MakeIdxRec opcode.  Removes that entry from the index.
*/
case OP_IdxDelete: {        /* no-push, in2 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
................................................................................
** then jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
**
** If P5 is non-zero then the
** index taken from register P3 is temporarily increased by
** an epsilon prior to the comparison.  This makes the opcode work
** like IdxLE.
*/
case OP_IdxLT:          /* no-push, jump, in3 */
case OP_IdxGT:          /* no-push, jump, in3 */
case OP_IdxGE: {        /* no-push, jump, in3 */
  int i= pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res;
................................................................................
** P3==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
**
** If AUTOVACUUM is enabled then it is possible that another root page
** might be moved into the newly deleted root page in order to keep all
** root pages contiguous at the beginning of the database.  The former
** value of the root page that moved - its value before the move occurred -
** is stored in register P2 or pushed onto the stack if P2==0.  If no page 
** movement was required (because the table being dropped was already 
** the last one in the database) then a zero is stored in register P2.
** If AUTOVACUUM is disabled then a zero is stored in register P2.
**
** See also: Clear
*/
case OP_Destroy: {     /* out2-prerelease */
................................................................................
**
** The table being clear is in the main database file if P2==0.  If
** P2==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
**
** See also: Destroy
*/
case OP_Clear: {        /* no-push */
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p2))!=0 );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
**
** Allocate a new table in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
** register P2 or push it onto the stack if P2==0.
**
** The difference between a table and an index is this:  A table must
** have a 4-byte integer key and can have arbitrary data.  An index
** has an arbitrary key but no data.
**
** See also: CreateIndex
*/
/* Opcode: CreateIndex P1 P2 * * *
**
** Allocate a new index in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
** register P2 or push it onto the stack if P2==0.
**
** See documentation on OP_CreateTable for additional information.
*/
case OP_CreateIndex:            /* out2-prerelease */
case OP_CreateTable: {          /* out2-prerelease */
  int pgno;
  int flags;
................................................................................
** no-op if the schema is not currently loaded.  In other words, if P2
** is false, the SQLITE_MASTER table is only parsed if the rest of the
** schema is already loaded into the symbol table.
**
** This opcode invokes the parser to create a new virtual machine,
** then runs the new virtual machine.  It is thus a reentrant opcode.
*/
case OP_ParseSchema: {        /* no-push */
  char *zSql;
  int iDb = pOp->p1;
  const char *zMaster;
  InitData initData;

  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  if( !pOp->p2 && !DbHasProperty(db, iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
................................................................................
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)
/* Opcode: LoadAnalysis P1 * * * *
**
** Read the sqlite_stat1 table for database P1 and load the content
** of that table into the internal index hash table.  This will cause
** the analysis to be used when preparing all subsequent queries.
*/
case OP_LoadAnalysis: {        /* no-push */
  int iDb = pOp->p1;
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  rc = sqlite3AnalysisLoad(db, iDb);
  break;  
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)  */

................................................................................
/* Opcode: DropTable P1 * * P4 *
**
** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
** the table named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a table
** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
** schema consistent with what is on disk.
*/
case OP_DropTable: {        /* no-push */
  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: DropIndex P1 * * P4 *
**
** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
** the index named P4 in database P1.  This is called after an index
** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
** schema consistent with what is on disk.
*/
case OP_DropIndex: {        /* no-push */
  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: DropTrigger P1 * * P4 *
**
** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
** the trigger named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a trigger
** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
** schema consistent with what is on disk.
*/
case OP_DropTrigger: {        /* no-push */
  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  break;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
/* Opcode: IntegrityCk P1 P2 P3 * P5
................................................................................
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */

/* Opcode: FifoWrite P1 * * * *
**
** Write the integer from register P1 into the Fifo.
*/
case OP_FifoWrite: {        /* no-push, in1 */
  if( sqlite3VdbeFifoPush(&p->sFifo, sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1))==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: FifoRead P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
/* Opcode: ContextPush * * * 
**
** Save the current Vdbe context such that it can be restored by a ContextPop
** opcode. The context stores the last insert row id, the last statement change
** count, and the current statement change count.
*/
case OP_ContextPush: {        /* no-push */
  int i = p->contextStackTop++;
  Context *pContext;

  assert( i>=0 );
  /* FIX ME: This should be allocated as part of the vdbe at compile-time */
  if( i>=p->contextStackDepth ){
    p->contextStackDepth = i+1;
................................................................................

/* Opcode: ContextPop * * * 
**
** Restore the Vdbe context to the state it was in when contextPush was last
** executed. The context stores the last insert row id, the last statement
** change count, and the current statement change count.
*/
case OP_ContextPop: {        /* no-push */
  Context *pContext = &p->contextStack[--p->contextStackTop];
  assert( p->contextStackTop>=0 );
  db->lastRowid = pContext->lastRowid;
  p->nChange = pContext->nChange;
  sqlite3VdbeFifoClear(&p->sFifo);
  p->sFifo = pContext->sFifo;
  break;
................................................................................
**
** Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of its current value
** and the value in register P2.
**
** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
** an integer.
*/
case OP_MemMax: {        /* no-push, in1, in2 */
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
  if( pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
    pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
  }
  nPop = 0;
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */

/* Opcode: IfPos P1 P2 * * *
**
** If the value of register P1 is 1 or greater, jump to P2.
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfPos: {        /* no-push, jump, in1 */
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i>0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
/* Opcode: IfNeg P1 P2 * * *
**
** If the value of register P1 is less than zero, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfNeg: {        /* no-push, jump, in1 */
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i<0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
/* Opcode: IfZero P1 P2 * * *
**
** If the value of register P1 is exactly 0, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfZero: {        /* no-push, jump, in1 */
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i==0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
** function has P5 arguments.   P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef
** structure that specifies the function.  Use register
** P3 as the accumulator.
**
** The P5 arguments are taken from register P2 and its
** successors.
*/
case OP_AggStep: {        /* no-push */
  int n = pOp->p5;
  int i;
  Mem *pMem, *pRec;
  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;

  assert( n>=0 );
................................................................................
** P2 is the number of arguments that the step function takes and
** P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef for this function.  The P2
** argument is not used by this opcode.  It is only there to disambiguate
** functions that can take varying numbers of arguments.  The
** P4 argument is only needed for the degenerate case where
** the step function was not previously called.
*/
case OP_AggFinal: {        /* no-push */
  Mem *pMem;
  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
  if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3_value_text(pMem), (char*)0);
................................................................................
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH)
/* Opcode: Vacuum * * * * *
**
** Vacuum the entire database.  This opcode will cause other virtual
** machines to be created and run.  It may not be called from within
** a transaction.
*/
case OP_Vacuum: {        /* no-push */
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse; 
  rc = sqlite3RunVacuum(&p->zErrMsg, db);
  if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  break;
}
#endif

................................................................................
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM)
/* Opcode: IncrVacuum P1 P2 * * *
**
** Perform a single step of the incremental vacuum procedure on
** the P1 database. If the vacuum has finished, jump to instruction
** P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next instruction.
*/
case OP_IncrVacuum: {        /* no-push, jump */
  Btree *pBt;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(pBt);
  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
................................................................................
** Cause precompiled statements to become expired. An expired statement
** fails with an error code of SQLITE_SCHEMA if it is ever executed 
** (via sqlite3_step()).
** 
** If P1 is 0, then all SQL statements become expired. If P1 is non-zero,
** then only the currently executing statement is affected. 
*/
case OP_Expire: {        /* no-push */
  if( !pOp->p1 ){
    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
  }else{
    p->expired = 1;
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
** required. 
**
** P2 contains the root-page of the table to lock.
**
** P4 contains a pointer to the name of the table being locked. This is only
** used to generate an error message if the lock cannot be obtained.
*/
case OP_TableLock: {        /* no-push */
  int p1 = pOp->p1; 
  u8 isWriteLock = (p1<0);
  if( isWriteLock ){
    p1 = (-1*p1)-1;
  }
  assert( p1>=0 && p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<p1))!=0 );
................................................................................

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VBegin * * * P4 *
**
** P4 a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure. Call the xBegin method 
** for that table.
*/
case OP_VBegin: {   /* no-push */
  rc = sqlite3VtabBegin(db, pOp->p4.pVtab);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VCreate P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1. Call the xCreate method
** for that table.
*/
case OP_VCreate: {   /* no-push */
  rc = sqlite3VtabCallCreate(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z, &p->zErrMsg);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VDestroy P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1.  Call the xDestroy method
** of that table.
*/
case OP_VDestroy: {   /* no-push */
  p->inVtabMethod = 2;
  rc = sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  p->inVtabMethod = 0;
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VOpen P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
** P1 is a cursor number.  This opcode opens a cursor to the virtual
** table and stores that cursor in P1.
*/
case OP_VOpen: {   /* no-push */
  Cursor *pCur = 0;
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor = 0;

  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
  sqlite3_module *pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;

  assert(pVtab && pModule);
................................................................................
** P3. Register P3+1 stores the argc parameter to be passed to the
** xFilter method. Registers P3+2..P3+1+argc are the argc additional
** parametersneath additional parameters which are passed to
** xFilter as argv. Register P3+2 becomes argv[0] when passed to xFilter.
**
** A jump is made to P2 if the result set after filtering would be empty.
*/
case OP_VFilter: {   /* no-push, jump */
  int nArg;
  int iQuery;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  Mem *pQuery = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  Mem *pArgc = &pQuery[1];

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];

  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pQuery);
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;

  /* Grab the index number and argc parameters off the top of the stack. */
  assert( (pQuery->flags&MEM_Int)!=0 && pArgc->flags==MEM_Int );
  nArg = pArgc->u.i;
  iQuery = pQuery->u.i;

  /* Invoke the xFilter method */
  {
    int res = 0;
................................................................................
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VRowid P1 P2 * * *
**
** Store into register P2  the rowid of
** the virtual-table that the P1 cursor is pointing to.
** If P2==0, push the value onto the stack.
*/
case OP_VRowid: {             /* out2-prerelease */
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Store the value of the P2-th column of
** the row of the virtual-table that the 
** P1 cursor is pointing to into register P3.
** Or if P3==0 push the value onto the stack.
*/
case OP_VColumn: {
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................
    sqlite3_context sContext;
    memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
    sContext.s.flags = MEM_Null;
    sContext.s.db = db;
    if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
    rc = pModule->xColumn(pCur->pVtabCursor, &sContext, pOp->p2);

    /* Copy the result of the function to the top of the stack. We
    ** do this regardless of whether or not an error occured to ensure any
    ** dynamic allocation in sContext.s (a Mem struct) is  released.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&sContext.s, encoding);
    if( pOp->p3>0 ){
      assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
      pDest = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pDest);
    }else{
      pDest = ++pTos;
      pDest->flags = 0;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pDest, &sContext.s);
    UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pDest);

    if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ){
      goto abort_due_to_misuse;
    }
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pDest) ){
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VNext P1 P2 * * *
**
** Advance virtual table P1 to the next row in its result set and
** jump to instruction P2.  Or, if the virtual table has reached
** the end of its result set, then fall through to the next instruction.
*/
case OP_VNext: {   /* no-push, jump */
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  int res = 0;

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;
  if( pModule->xNext==0 ){
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VRename P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
** This opcode invokes the corresponding xRename method. The value
** in register P1 is passed as the zName argument to the xRename method.
*/
case OP_VRename: {   /* no-push */
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
  Mem *pName = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pVtab->pModule->xRename );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pName);

  Stringify(pName, encoding);

................................................................................
** If P2==1 then no insert is performed.  argv[0] is the rowid of
** a row to delete.
**
** P1 is a boolean flag. If it is set to true and the xUpdate call
** is successful, then the value returned by sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() 
** is set to the value of the rowid for the row just inserted.
*/
case OP_VUpdate: {   /* no-push */
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
  sqlite3_module *pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
  int nArg = pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
  if( pModule->xUpdate==0 ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "read-only table", 0);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
................................................................................
** The cases of the switch statement above this line should all be indented
** by 6 spaces.  But the left-most 6 spaces have been removed to improve the
** readability.  From this point on down, the normal indentation rules are
** restored.
*****************************************************************************/
    }

    /* Pop the stack if necessary */
    if( nPop ){
      popStack(&pTos, nPop);
      nPop = 0;
    }

    /* Make sure the stack limit was not exceeded */
    assert( pTos>=&p->aStack[-1] && pTos<=pStackLimit );

#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    {
      long long elapse = hwtime() - start;
      pOp->cycles += elapse;
      pOp->cnt++;
#if 0
        fprintf(stdout, "%10lld ", elapse);
................................................................................

    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
    ** the evaluator loop.  So we can leave it out when NDEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifndef NDEBUG
    /* Sanity checking on the top element of the stack. If the previous
    ** instruction was VNoChange, then the flags field of the top
    ** of the stack is set to 0. This is technically invalid for a memory
    ** cell, so avoid calling MemSanity() in this case.
    */
    if( pTos>=p->aStack && pTos->flags ){
      assert( pTos->db==db );
      sqlite3VdbeMemSanity(pTos);
      assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pTos) );
    }
    assert( pc>=-1 && pc<p->nOp );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    /* Code for tracing the vdbe stack. */
    if( p->trace ){
      if( rc!=0 ) fprintf(p->trace,"rc=%d\n",rc);
      if( (opProperty&(OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE|OPFLG_OUT2))!=0 && pOp->p2>0 ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p2, pOut);
      }
      if( (opProperty&OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 && pOp->p3>0 ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p3, pOut);
      }
      if( pTos>=p->aStack ){
        int i;
        fprintf(p->trace, "Stack:");
        for(i=0; i>-5 && &pTos[i]>=p->aStack; i--){
          memTracePrint(p->trace, &pTos[i]);
        }
        fprintf(p->trace,"\n");
      }
    }
#endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
#endif  /* NDEBUG */
  }  /* The end of the for(;;) loop the loops through opcodes */

  /* If we reach this point, it means that execution is finished.
  */
................................................................................
  if( rc ){
    p->rc = rc;
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else{
    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
  p->pTos = pTos;

  /* This is the only way out of this procedure.  We have to
  ** release the mutexes on btrees that were acquired at the
  ** top. */
vdbe_return:
  sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(&p->aMutex);
  return rc;

** In the external interface, an "sqlite3_stmt*" is an opaque pointer
** to a VDBE.
**
** The SQL parser generates a program which is then executed by
** the VDBE to do the work of the SQL statement.  VDBE programs are 
** similar in form to assembly language.  The program consists of
** a linear sequence of operations.  Each operation has an opcode 
** and 5 operands.  Operands P1, P2, and P3 are integers.  Operand P4 
** is a null-terminated string.  Operand P5 is an unsigned character.
** Few opcodes use all 5 operands.

**
** Computation results are stored on a set of registers numbered beginning
** with 1 and going up to Vdbe.nMem.  Each register can store
** either an integer, a null-terminated string, a floating point
** number, or the SQL "NULL" value.  An inplicit conversion from one
** type to the other occurs as necessary.
** 
** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqlite3VdbeExec()
** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
** a program instruction by instruction.
................................................................................
**
** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.698 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include "vdbeInt.h"

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
................................................................................
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
int sqlite3_sort_count = 0;
#endif

/*
** The next global variable records the size of the largest MEM_Blob
** or MEM_Str that has been used by a VDBE opcode.  The test procedures
** use this information to make sure that the zero-blob functionality
** is working correctly.   This variable has no function other than to
** help verify the correct operation of the library.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
int sqlite3_max_blobsize = 0;
#endif
................................................................................
                                      && (P)->n>sqlite3_max_blobsize ) \
                                          {sqlite3_max_blobsize = (P)->n;}
#else
# define UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(P)
#endif

/*
** Release the memory associated with a register.  This
** leaves the Mem.flags field in an inconsistent state.
*/
#define Release(P) if((P)->flags&MEM_Dyn){ sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(P); }

/*
** Convert the given register into a string if it isn't one
** already. Return non-zero if a malloc() fails.
*/
#define Stringify(P, enc) \
   if(((P)->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 && sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(P,enc)) \
     { goto no_mem; }

/*
................................................................................
**
*/
#define GetVarint(A,B)  ((B = *(A))<=0x7f ? 1 : sqlite3GetVarint32(A, &B))

/*
** An ephemeral string value (signified by the MEM_Ephem flag) contains
** a pointer to a dynamically allocated string where some other entity
** is responsible for deallocating that string.  Because the register
** does not control the string, it might be deleted without the register
** knowing it.
**
** This routine converts an ephemeral string into a dynamically allocated
** string that the register itself controls.  In other words, it
** converts an MEM_Ephem string into an MEM_Dyn string.
*/
#define Deephemeralize(P) \
   if( ((P)->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 \
       && sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(P) ){ goto no_mem;}

/*
** Call sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob() on the supplied value (type Mem*)
** P if required.
*/
#define ExpandBlob(P) (((P)->flags&MEM_Zero)?sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(P):0)

/*
** Argument pMem points at a regiser that will be passed to a
** user-defined function or returned to the user as the result of a query.
** The second argument, 'db_enc' is the text encoding used by the vdbe for
** register variables.  This routine sets the pMem->enc and pMem->type
** variables used by the sqlite3_value_*() routines.
*/
#define storeTypeInfo(A,B) _storeTypeInfo(A)
static void _storeTypeInfo(Mem *pMem){
  int flags = pMem->flags;
  if( flags & MEM_Null ){
    pMem->type = SQLITE_NULL;
................................................................................

/*
** Properties of opcodes.  The OPFLG_INITIALIZER macro is
** created by mkopcodeh.awk during compilation.  Data is obtained
** from the comments following the "case OP_xxxx:" statements in
** this file.  
*/
static unsigned char opcodeProperty[] = OPFLG_INITIALIZER;

/*
** Return true if an opcode has any of the OPFLG_xxx properties
** specified by mask.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(int opcode, int mask){
  assert( opcode>0 && opcode<sizeof(opcodeProperty) );
  return (opcodeProperty[opcode]&mask)!=0;
}














/*
** Allocate cursor number iCur.  Return a pointer to it.  Return NULL
** if we run out of memory.
*/
static Cursor *allocateCursor(Vdbe *p, int iCur, int iDb){
  Cursor *pCx;
  assert( iCur<p->nCursor );
................................................................................
  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
){
  int pc;                    /* The program counter */
  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */

  Mem *pIn1, *pIn2, *pIn3;   /* Input operands */
  Mem *pOut;                 /* Output operand */

  u8 opProperty;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  unsigned long long start;  /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
  int origPc;                /* Program counter at start of opcode */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  int nProgressOps = 0;      /* Opcodes executed since progress callback. */
#endif




  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );

  sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(&p->aMutex);
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    goto no_mem;
  }
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  assert( p->explain==0 );




  p->pResultSet = 0;
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( p->pc==0 && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing)!=0
    || sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, "vdbe_explain", SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS))
................................................................................
  }
  if( sqlite3OsAccess(db->pVfs, "vdbe_trace", SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS) ){
    p->trace = stdout;
  }
#endif
  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );

    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    origPc = pc;
    start = hwtime();
#endif
    pOp = &p->aOp[pc];

................................................................................
        }
        nProgressOps = 0;
      }
      nProgressOps++;
    }
#endif












    /* Do common setup processing for any opcode that is marked
    ** with the "out2-prerelease" tag.  Such opcodes have a single
    ** output which is specified by the P2 parameter.  The P2 register


    ** is initialized to a NULL.
    */
    opProperty = opcodeProperty[pOp->opcode];
    if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p2>0 );



      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
      pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
      sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pOut);

      pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
    }else
 
    /* Do common setup for opcodes marked with one of the following
    ** combinations of properties.
    **
    **           in1
    **           in1 in2
    **           in1 in2 out3
    **           in1 in3
    **           in1 out2
    **
    ** Variables pIn1, pIn2, and pIn3 are made to point to appropriate
    ** registers for inputs.  Variable pOut points to the output register.


    */
    if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN1)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p1>0 );




      assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
      pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);

      if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p2>0 );




        assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
        pIn2 = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pIn2);

        if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 ){
          assert( pOp->p3>0 );









          assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
          pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
        }

      }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p3>0 );




        assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
        pIn3 = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pIn3);

      }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT2)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p2>0 );









        assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
        pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
      }

    }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p2>0 );




      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
      pIn2 = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pIn2);

    }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p3>0 );




      assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
      pIn3 = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pIn3);
    }


    switch( pOp->opcode ){

/*****************************************************************************
** What follows is a massive switch statement where each case implements a
** separate instruction in the virtual machine.  If we follow the usual
** indentation conventions, each case should be indented by 6 spaces.  But
................................................................................
** file looking for lines that begin with "case OP_".  The opcodes.h files
** will be filled with #defines that give unique integer values to each
** opcode and the opcodes.c file is filled with an array of strings where
** each string is the symbolic name for the corresponding opcode.  If the
** case statement is followed by a comment of the form "/# same as ... #/"
** that comment is used to determine the particular value of the opcode.
**
** Other keywords in the comment that follows each case are used to
** construct the OPFLG_INITIALIZER value that initializes opcodeProperty[].
** Keywords include: in1, in2, in3, out2_prerelease, out2, out3.  See
** the mkopcodeh.awk script for additional information.
**
** Documentation about VDBE opcodes is generated by scanning this file
** for lines of that contain "Opcode:".  That line and all subsequent
** comment lines are used in the generation of the opcode.html documentation
** file.
**
** SUMMARY:
**
**     Formatting is important to scripts that scan this file.
**     Do not deviate from the formatting style currently in use.
**
*****************************************************************************/

/* Opcode:  Goto * P2 * * *
**
** An unconditional jump to address P2.
** The next instruction executed will be 
** the one at index P2 from the beginning of
** the program.
*/
case OP_Goto: {             /* jump */
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Gosub * P2 * * *
**
** Push the current address plus 1 onto the return address stack
** and then jump to address P2.
**
** The return address stack is of limited depth.  If too many
** OP_Gosub operations occur without intervening OP_Returns, then
** the return address stack will fill up and processing will abort
** with a fatal error.
*/
case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump */
  assert( p->returnDepth<sizeof(p->returnStack)/sizeof(p->returnStack[0]) );
  p->returnStack[p->returnDepth++] = pc+1;
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Return * * * * *
**
** Jump immediately to the next instruction after the last unreturned
** OP_Gosub.  If an OP_Return has occurred for all OP_Gosubs, then
** processing aborts with a fatal error.
*/
case OP_Return: {
  assert( p->returnDepth>0 );
  p->returnDepth--;
  pc = p->returnStack[p->returnDepth] - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Exit immediately.  All open cursors, Fifos, etc are closed
** automatically.
**
** P1 is the result code returned by sqlite3_exec(), sqlite3_reset(),
** or sqlite3_finalize().  For a normal halt, this should be SQLITE_OK (0).
** For errors, it can be some other value.  If P1!=0 then P2 will determine
................................................................................
**
** If P4 is not null then it is an error message string.
**
** There is an implied "Halt 0 0 0" instruction inserted at the very end of
** every program.  So a jump past the last instruction of the program
** is the same as executing Halt.
*/
case OP_Halt: {

  p->rc = pOp->p1;
  p->pc = pc;
  p->errorAction = pOp->p2;
  if( pOp->p4.z ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, pOp->p4.z, (char*)0);
  }
  rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
................................................................................
    p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
  }else{
    rc = p->rc ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_DONE;
  }
  goto vdbe_return;
}
























/* Opcode: Integer P1 P2 * * *
**
** The 32-bit integer value P1 is written into register P2.

*/
case OP_Integer: {         /* out2-prerelease */
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  pOut->u.i = pOp->p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Int64 * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit integer value.
** Write that value into register P2.
*/
case OP_Int64: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p4.pI64!=0 );
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  pOut->u.i = *pOp->p4.pI64;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Real * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit floating point value.
** Write that value into register P2.
*/
case OP_Real: {            /* same as TK_FLOAT, out2-prerelease */
  pOut->flags = MEM_Real;
  pOut->r = *pOp->p4.pReal;
  break;
}

................................................................................
    goto too_big;
  }
  /* Fall through to the next case, OP_String */
}
  
/* Opcode: String P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** The string value P4 of length P1 (bytes) is stored in register P2.

*/
case OP_String: {          /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p4.z!=0 );
  pOut->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|MEM_Term;
  pOut->z = pOp->p4.z;
  pOut->n = pOp->p1;
  pOut->enc = encoding;
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Null * P2 * * *
**
** Write a NULL into register P2.

*/
case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  break;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
/* Opcode: HexBlob * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is an UTF-8 SQL hex encoding of a blob. The blob is stored in
** register P2.
**
** The first time this instruction executes, in transforms itself into a
** 'Blob' opcode with a binary blob as P4.
*/
case OP_HexBlob: {            /* same as TK_BLOB, out2-prerelease */
  pOp->opcode = OP_Blob;
  pOp->p1 = strlen(pOp->p4.z)/2;
................................................................................
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL */

/* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 * * *
**
** The value of variable P1 is written into register P2. A variable is

** an unknown in the original SQL string as handed to sqlite3_compile().
** Any occurance of the '?' character in the original SQL is considered
** a variable.  Variables in the SQL string are number from left to
** right beginning with 1.  The values of variables are set using the
** sqlite3_bind() API.
*/
case OP_Variable: {           /* out2-prerelease */
................................................................................
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, &p->aVar[j], MEM_Static);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 * * *
**
** Move the value in register P1 over into register P2.  Register P1
** is left holding a NULL.  It is an error for P1 and P2 to be the
** same register.








*/
/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 * * *
**
** Make a copy of register P1 into register P2.






**
** This instruction makes a deep copy of the value.  A duplicate
** is made of any string or blob constant.  See also OP_SCopy.
*/
/* Opcode: SCopy P1 P2 * * *
**
** Make a shallow copy of register P1 into register P2.






**
** This instruction makes a shallow copy of the value.  If the value
** is a string or blob, then the copy is only a pointer to the
** original and hence if the original changes so will the copy.
** Worse, if the original is deallocated, the copy becomes invalid.
** Thus the program must guarantee that the original will not change
** during the lifetime of the copy.  Use OP_Copy to make a complete
** copy.
*/
case OP_Move:
case OP_Copy:
case OP_SCopy: {
  assert( pOp->p1>0 );



  assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);

  assert( pOp->p2>0 );




  assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];

  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Move ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);

  }else{
    Release(pOut);
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Copy ){
      Deephemeralize(pOut);
    }
  }
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 * * *
**
** The registers P1 throught P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
** results. This opcode causes the sqlite3_step() call to terminate
** with an SQLITE_ROW return code and it sets up the sqlite3_stmt
** structure to provide access to the top P1 values as the result
** row.


*/
case OP_ResultRow: {
  Mem *pMem;
  int i;
  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p2 );
  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=p->nMem );











  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;

  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are deephemeralized as
  ** as side effect.
  */
................................................................................
    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
    storeTypeInfo(&pMem[i], encoding);
  }

  /* Return SQLITE_ROW
  */
  p->nCallback++;

  p->pc = pc + 1;

  rc = SQLITE_ROW;
  goto vdbe_return;
}

/* Opcode: Concat P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Add the text in register P1 onto the end of the text in
................................................................................
*/
/* Opcode: Subtract P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Subtract the value in P1 from the value in P2 and store the result
** in P3.
** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
/* Opcode: Divide P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Divide the value in P1 by the value in P2 and store the result
** in P3.  If the value in P2 is zero, then the result is NULL.
** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
/* Opcode: Remainder P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Compute the remainder after integer division of the value in
** register P1 by the value in register P2 and store the result in P3. 
** If the value in register P2 is zero the result is NULL.
** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
case OP_Add:                   /* same as TK_PLUS, in1, in2, out3 */
................................................................................
** be returned. This is used by the built-in min(), max() and nullif()
** functions.
**
** The interface used by the implementation of the aforementioned functions
** to retrieve the collation sequence set by this opcode is not available
** publicly, only to user functions defined in func.c.
*/
case OP_CollSeq: {
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a Function structure that
** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.

**
** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
** invocation of this opcode.
................................................................................
  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;
  int n = pOp->p5;

  apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( apVal || n==0 );

  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=p->nMem) );


  pArg = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];

  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pArg++){
    apVal[i] = pArg;
    storeTypeInfo(pArg, encoding);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pArg);
  }

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF || pOp->p4type==P4_VDBEFUNC );
................................................................................
    ** Note: Maybe MemRelease() should be called if sqlite3SafetyOn()
    ** fails also (the if(...) statement above). But if people are
    ** misusing sqlite, they have bigger problems than a leaked value.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&ctx.s);
    goto no_mem;
  }




  /* If any auxilary data functions have been called by this user function,
  ** immediately call the destructor for any non-static values.
  */
  if( ctx.pVdbeFunc ){
    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(ctx.pVdbeFunc, pOp->p1);
    pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc = ctx.pVdbeFunc;
................................................................................

  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
  if( ctx.isError ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3_value_text(&ctx.s), (char*)0);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&ctx.s, encoding);
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );


  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];

  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, &ctx.s);
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ){
    goto too_big;
  }
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: AddImm  P1 P2 * * *
** 
** Add P2 the value in register P1.
** The result is always an integer.
**
** To force any register to be an integer, just add 0.
*/
case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */

  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p2;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ForceInt P1 P2 P3 * *
**
................................................................................
** in P1 is not numeric (meaning that is is a NULL or a string that
** does not look like an integer or floating point number) then
** jump to P2.  If the value in P1 is numeric then
** convert it into the least integer that is greater than or equal to its
** current value if P3==0, or to the least integer that is strictly
** greater than its current value if P3==1.
*/
case OP_ForceInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
  i64 v;
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
  if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    break;
  }

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    v = pIn1->u.i + (pOp->p3!=0);
  }else{
    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
    v = (sqlite3_int64)pIn1->r;
    if( pIn1->r>(double)v ) v++;
    if( pOp->p3 && pIn1->r==(double)v ) v++;
................................................................................
  }
  Release(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i = v;
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MustBeInt P1 P2 * * *
** 
** Force the value in register P1 to be an integer.  If the value

** in P1 is not an integer and cannot be converted into an integer
** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.




*/
case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */

  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
    if( pOp->p2==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }else{



      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    }
  }else{
    Release(pIn1);
    pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  }
  break;
................................................................................
** If register P1 holds an integer convert it to a real value.
**
** This opcode is used when extracting information from a column that
** has REAL affinity.  Such column values may still be stored as
** integers, for space efficiency, but after extraction we want them
** to have only a real value.
*/
case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 to be text.
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string using the
** equivalent of printf().  Blob values are unchanged and
** are afterwards simply interpreted as text.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToText: {                  /* same as TK_TO_TEXT, in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  assert( MEM_Str==(MEM_Blob>>3) );
  pIn1->flags |= (pIn1->flags&MEM_Blob)>>3;
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str );
  pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Blob);
................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 to be a BLOB.
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string first.
** Strings are simply reinterpreted as blobs with no change
** to the underlying data.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToBlob: {                  /* same as TK_TO_BLOB, in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
    applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str );
    pIn1->flags |= MEM_Blob;
  }
  pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str);
................................................................................
** integer or a floating-point number.)
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an using the
** equivalent of atoi() or atof() and store 0 if no such conversion 
** is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToNumeric: {                  /* same as TK_TO_NUMERIC, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 be an integer.  If
** The value is currently a real number, drop its fractional part.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToInt: {                  /* same as TK_TO_INT, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** Force the value in register P1 to be a floating point number.
** If The value is currently an integer, convert it.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToReal: {                  /* same as TK_TO_REAL, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
** numeric, then a numeric comparison is used. If the two values
** are of different types, then numbers are considered less than
** strings and strings are considered less than blobs.
**
** If the SQLITE_STOREP2 bit of P5 is set, then do not jump.  Instead,
** store a boolean result (either 0, or 1, or NULL) in register P2.
*/
/* Opcode: Ne P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are not equal.  See the Lt opcode for
** additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Eq P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are equal.
** See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Le P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the content of register P3 is less than or equal to the content of
** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Gt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the content of register P3 is greater than the content of
** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
/* Opcode: Ge P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the content of register P3 is greater than or equal to the content of
** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
case OP_Eq:               /* same as TK_EQ, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ne:               /* same as TK_NE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
  int flags;
  int res;
  char affinity;
  Mem x1, x3;

  flags = pIn1->flags|pIn3->flags;





  if( flags&MEM_Null ){
    if( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQUAL)!=0 ){
      /*
      ** When SQLITE_NULLEQUAL set and either operand is NULL
      ** then both operands are converted to integers prior to being 
      ** passed down into the normal comparison logic below.  
      ** NULL operands are converted to zero and non-NULL operands
................................................................................

/* Opcode: Not P1 * * * *
**
** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Replace it
** with its complement.  If the value in register P1 is NULL its value
** is unchanged.
*/
case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;  /* Do nothing to NULLs */
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i = !pIn1->u.i;
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  break;
}

/* Opcode: BitNot P1 * * * *
**
** Interpret the content of register P1 as an integer.  Replace it
** with its ones-complement.  If the value is originally NULL, leave
** it unchanged.
*/
case OP_BitNot: {             /* same as TK_BITNOT, in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;  /* Do nothing to NULLs */
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i = ~pIn1->u.i;
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  break;
}

................................................................................
/*
** The magic Explain opcode are only inserted when explain==2 (which
** is to say when the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN syntax is used.)
** This opcode records information from the optimizer.  It is the
** the same as a no-op.  This opcodesnever appears in a real VM program.
*/
case OP_Explain:
case OP_Noop: {
  break;
}

/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value is
** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
................................................................................
*/
/* Opcode: IfNot P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value is
** is considered true if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
*/
case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
  int c;
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    c = pOp->p3;
  }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    c = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
#else
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.  If P3 is greater
** than zero, then check all values reg(P1), reg(P1+1), 
** reg(P1+2), ..., reg(P1+P3-1).



*/
case OP_IsNull: {            /* same as TK_ISNULL, jump, in1 */
  int n = pOp->p3;
  assert( pOp->p3==0 || pOp->p1>0 );
  do{
    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      break;
    }
................................................................................
  }while( --n > 0 );
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.  



*/
case OP_NotNull: {            /* same as TK_NOTNULL, jump, in1 */
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: SetNumColumns P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
** opcode must be called to set the number of fields in the table.
**
** This opcode sets the number of columns for cursor P1 to P2.
**
** If OP_KeyAsData is to be applied to cursor P1, it must be executed
** before this op-code.
*/
case OP_SetNumColumns: {
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( (pOp->p1)<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]!=0 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  pC->nField = pOp->p2;
  break;
}
................................................................................
**
** Interpret the data that cursor P1 points to as a structure built using
** the MakeRecord instruction.  (See the MakeRecord opcode for additional
** information about the format of the data.)  Extract the P2-th column
** from this record.  If there are less that (P2+1) 
** values in the record, extract a NULL.
**
** The value extracted is stored in register P3.


**
** If the KeyAsData opcode has previously executed on this cursor, then the
** field might be extracted from the key rather than the data.
**
** If the column contains fewer than P2 fields, then extract a NULL.  Or,
** if the P4 argument is a P4_MEM use the value of the P4 argument as
** the result.
................................................................................
  int i;             /* Loop counter */
  char *zData;       /* Part of the record being decoded */
  Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */
  Mem sMem;          /* For storing the record being decoded */

  sMem.flags = 0;
  assert( p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pDest = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];



  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);

  /* This block sets the variable payloadSize to be the total number of
  ** bytes in the record.
  **
  ** zRec is set to be the complete text of the record if it is available.
  ** The complete record text is always available for pseudo-tables
  ** If the record is stored in a cursor, the complete record text
  ** might be available in the  pC->aRow cache.  Or it might not be.
  ** If the data is unavailable,  zRec is set to NULL.
  **
  ** We also compute the number of columns in the record.  For cursors,
  ** the number of columns is stored in the Cursor.nField element.


  */
  pC = p->apCsr[p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  assert( pC->pVtabCursor==0 );
#endif
  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
................................................................................
  }else{
    zRec = 0;
    payloadSize = 0;
    pCrsr = 0;
    nField = 0;
  }

  /* If payloadSize is 0, then just store a NULL */
  if( payloadSize==0 ){
    assert( pDest->flags==MEM_Null );
    goto op_column_out;
  }
  if( payloadSize>SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH ){
    goto too_big;
  }
................................................................................
        aOffset[i] = offset;
        zIdx += GetVarint(zIdx, aType[i]);
        offset += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(aType[i]);
      }else{
        /* If i is less that nField, then there are less fields in this
        ** record than SetNumColumns indicated there are columns in the
        ** table. Set the offset for any extra columns not present in
        ** the record to 0. This tells code below to store a NULL
        ** instead of deserializing a value from the record.
        */
        aOffset[i] = 0;
      }
    }
    Release(&sMem);
    sMem.flags = MEM_Null;

................................................................................
** the OP_Column opcode can decode the record later and as long as the
** sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare function will correctly compare two encoded
** records.  Refer to source code comments for the details of the record
** format.
**
** P4 may be a string that is P1 characters long.  The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** field of the index key.

**
** The mapping from character to affinity is given by the SQLITE_AFF_
** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
**
** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity NONE.
*/
case OP_MakeRecord: {
................................................................................
  /* Assuming the record contains N fields, the record format looks
  ** like this:
  **
  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ** | hdr-size | type 0 | type 1 | ... | type N-1 | data0 | ... | data N-1 | 
  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **
  ** Data(0) is taken from register P1.  Data(1) comes from register P1+1
  ** and so froth.
  **
  ** Each type field is a varint representing the serial type of the 
  ** corresponding data element (see sqlite3VdbeSerialType()). The
  ** hdr-size field is also a varint which is the offset from the beginning
  ** of the record to data0.
  */
  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
................................................................................
    i += sqlite3PutVarint(&zNewRecord[i], serial_type);      /* serial type */
  }
  for(pRec=pData0; pRec<=pLast; pRec++){  /* serial data */
    i += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&zNewRecord[i], nByte-i, pRec, file_format);
  }
  assert( i==nByte );

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );


  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  Release(pOut);

  pOut->n = nByte;
  if( nByte<=sizeof(zTemp) ){
    assert( zNewRecord==(unsigned char *)zTemp );
    pOut->z = pOut->zShort;
    memcpy(pOut->zShort, zTemp, nByte);
    pOut->flags = MEM_Blob | MEM_Short;
  }else{
................................................................................
** entire transaction.  The statement transaction will automatically
** commit when the VDBE halts.
**
** The statement is begun on the database file with index P1.  The main
** database file has an index of 0 and the file used for temporary tables
** has an index of 1.
*/
case OP_Statement: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Btree *pBt;
  if( i>=0 && i<db->nDb && (pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt)!=0
        && (db->autoCommit==0 || db->activeVdbeCnt>1) ){
    assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) );
    assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<i))!=0 );
    if( !sqlite3BtreeIsInStmt(pBt) ){
................................................................................
**
** Set the database auto-commit flag to P1 (1 or 0). If P2 is true, roll
** back any currently active btree transactions. If there are any active
** VMs (apart from this one), then the COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement fails.
**
** This instruction causes the VM to halt.
*/
case OP_AutoCommit: {
  u8 i = pOp->p1;
  u8 rollback = pOp->p2;

  assert( i==1 || i==0 );
  assert( i==1 || rollback==0 );

  assert( db->activeVdbeCnt>0 );  /* At least this one VM is active */
................................................................................
    if( pOp->p2 ){
      assert( i==1 );
      sqlite3RollbackAll(db);
      db->autoCommit = 1;
    }else{
      db->autoCommit = i;
      if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){

        p->pc = pc;
        db->autoCommit = 1-i;
        p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
        goto vdbe_return;
      }
    }
    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
................................................................................
** underway.  Starting a write transaction also creates a rollback journal. A
** write transaction must be started before any changes can be made to the
** database.  If P2 is 2 or greater then an EXCLUSIVE lock is also obtained
** on the file.
**
** If P2 is zero, then a read-lock is obtained on the database file.
*/
case OP_Transaction: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Btree *pBt;

  assert( i>=0 && i<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<i))!=0 );
  pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;

  if( pBt ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, pOp->p2);
    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
      p->pc = pc;
      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;

      goto vdbe_return;
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_READONLY /* && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY */ ){
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ReadCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Read cookie number P3 from database P1 and write it into register P2.

** P3==0 is the schema version.  P3==1 is the database format.
** P3==2 is the recommended pager cache size, and so forth.  P1==0 is
** the main database file and P1==1 is the database file used to store
** temporary tables.
**
** If P1 is negative, then this is a request to read the size of a
** databases free-list. P3 must be set to 1 in this case. The actual
................................................................................
** P2==0 is the schema version.  P2==1 is the database format.
** P2==2 is the recommended pager cache size, and so forth.  P1==0 is
** the main database file and P1==1 is the database file used to store
** temporary tables.
**
** A transaction must be started before executing this opcode.
*/
case OP_SetCookie: {       /* in3 */
  Db *pDb;
  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
  assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
................................................................................
** This operation is used to detect when that the cookie has changed
** and that the current process needs to reread the schema.
**
** Either a transaction needs to have been started or an OP_Open needs
** to be executed (to establish a read lock) before this opcode is
** invoked.
*/
case OP_VerifyCookie: {
  int iMeta;
  Btree *pBt;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
  if( pBt ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pBt, 1, (u32 *)&iMeta);
................................................................................
**
** This instruction works just like OpenRead except that it opens the cursor
** in read/write mode.  For a given table, there can be one or more read-only
** cursors or a single read/write cursor but not both.
**
** See also OpenRead.
*/
case OP_OpenRead:
case OP_OpenWrite: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  int p2 = pOp->p2;
  int iDb = pOp->p3;
  int wrFlag;
  Btree *pX;
  Cursor *pCur;
  Db *pDb;
................................................................................
    if( pDb->pSchema->file_format < p->minWriteFileFormat ){
      p->minWriteFileFormat = pDb->pSchema->file_format;
    }
  }else{
    wrFlag = 0;
  }
  if( pOp->p5 ){

    assert( p2>0 );





    assert( p2<=p->nMem );
    pIn2 = &p->aMem[p2];
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
    p2 = pIn2->u.i;

    assert( p2>=2 );
  }
  assert( i>=0 );
  pCur = allocateCursor(p, i, iDb);
  if( pCur==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCur->nullRow = 1;
  if( pX==0 ) break;
................................................................................
    pCur->pKeyInfo = 0;
    pCur->pIncrKey = &pCur->bogusIncrKey;
  }
  switch( rc ){
    case SQLITE_BUSY: {
      p->pc = pc;
      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;

      goto vdbe_return;
    }
    case SQLITE_OK: {
      int flags = sqlite3BtreeFlags(pCur->pCursor);
      /* Sanity checking.  Only the lower four bits of the flags byte should
      ** be used.  Bit 3 (mask 0x08) is unpreditable.  The lower 3 bits
      ** (mask 0x07) should be either 5 (intkey+leafdata for tables) or
................................................................................
**
** This opcode was once called OpenTemp.  But that created
** confusion because the term "temp table", might refer either
** to a TEMP table at the SQL level, or to a table opened by
** this opcode.  Then this opcode was call OpenVirtual.  But
** that created confusion with the whole virtual-table idea.
*/
case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pCx;
  static const int openFlags = 
      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
................................................................................
** closed.
**
** A pseudo-table created by this opcode is useful for holding the
** NEW or OLD tables in a trigger.  Also used to hold the a single
** row output from the sorter so that the row can be decomposed into
** individual columns using the OP_Column opcode.
*/
case OP_OpenPseudo: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pCx;
  assert( i>=0 );
  pCx = allocateCursor(p, i, -1);
  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;
  pCx->pseudoTable = 1;
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: Close P1 * * * *
**
** Close a cursor previously opened as P1.  If P1 is not
** currently open, this instruction is a no-op.
*/
case OP_Close: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  if( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor ){
    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[i]);
    p->apCsr[i] = 0;
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
** cursor P1 so that it points to the smallest entry that is greater
** than or equal to the key in register P3.
** If there are no records greater than or equal to the key and P2 
** is not zero, then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveLt, MoveGt, MoveLe
*/
/* Opcode: MoveGt P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Use the value in register P3 as a key.  Reposition
** cursor P1 so that it points to the smallest entry that is greater
** than the key in register P3.
** If there are no records greater than the key and P2 is not zero,
** then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveLt, MoveGe, MoveLe
*/
/* Opcode: MoveLt P1 P2 P3 * * 
**
** Use the value in register P3 as a key.  Reposition
** cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that is less
** than the key in register P3.
** If there are no records less than the key and P2 is not zero,
** then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveGt, MoveGe, MoveLe
*/
/* Opcode: MoveLe P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Use the value in register P3 as a key.  Reposition
** cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that is less than
** or equal to the key.
** If there are no records less than or eqal to the key and P2 is not zero,
** then jump to P2.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, Distinct, MoveGt, MoveGe, MoveLt
*/
case OP_MoveLt:         /* jump, in3 */
case OP_MoveLe:         /* jump, in3 */
case OP_MoveGe:         /* jump, in3 */
case OP_MoveGt: {       /* jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
................................................................................
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  P1 is an index.
** If an entry that matches the value in register p3 exists in P1 then
** jump to P2.  If the P3 value does not match any entry in P1
** then fall thru.  The P1 cursor is left pointing at the matching entry
** if it exists.
**
** This instruction is used to implement the IN operator where the
** left-hand side is a SELECT statement.  P1 may be a true index, or it
** may be a temporary index that holds the results of the SELECT
** statement.   This instruction is also used to implement the
** DISTINCT keyword in SELECT statements.
**
** This instruction checks if index P1 contains a record for which 
** the first N serialised values exactly match the N serialised values
** in the record in register P3, where N is the total number of values in
** the P3 record (the P3 record is a prefix of the P1 record). 
**
** See also: NotFound, MoveTo, IsUnique, NotExists
*/
/* Opcode: NotFound P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  P1 is
** an index.  If no entry exists in P1 that matches the blob then jump
** to P2.  If an entry does existing, fall through.  The cursor is left
** pointing to the entry that matches.
**



** See also: Found, MoveTo, NotExists, IsUnique
*/
case OP_NotFound:       /* jump, in3 */
case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res;
................................................................................
** fields matches K but the rowid is different from R.
** If there is no such entry, then there is an immediate
** jump to P2.  If any entry does exist where the index string
** matches K but the record number is not R, then the record
** number for that entry is written into P3 and control
** falls through to the next instruction.
**
** See also: NotFound, NotExists, Found
*/
case OP_IsUnique: {        /* jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pCx;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  Mem *pK;
  i64 R;

  /* Pop the value R off the top of the stack
  */
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );

  assert( pOp->p4.i>0 && pOp->p4.i<=p->nMem );


  pK = &p->aMem[pOp->p4.i];

  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
  R = pIn3->u.i;
  assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pCx = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pCx!=0 );
  pCrsr = pCx->pCursor;
................................................................................
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }
    if( v==R ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      break;
    }

    /* The final varint of the key is different from R.  Store it back
    ** into register R3.  (The record number of an entry that violates
    ** a UNIQUE constraint.)
    */

    pIn3->u.i = v;
    assert( pIn3->flags==MEM_Int );
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotExists P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Use the content of register P3 as a integer key.  If a record 

** with that key does not exist in table of P1, then jump to P2. 
** If the record does exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left 
** pointing to the record if it exists.

**
** The difference between this operation and NotFound is that this
** operation assumes the key is an integer and that P1 is a table whereas
** NotFound assumes key is a blob constructed from MakeRecord and
** P1 is an index.
**
** See also: Found, MoveTo, NotFound, IsUnique
*/
case OP_NotExists: {        /* jump, in3 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
    int res;
................................................................................
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Sequence P1 P2 * * *
**
** Find the next available sequence number for cursor P1.
** Write the sequence number into register P2.

** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
** instruction.  
*/
case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
................................................................................
}


/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is written
** written to register P2.
**
** If P3>0 then P3 is a register that holds the largest previously
** generated record number.  No new record numbers are allowed to be less
** than this value.  When this value reaches its maximum, a SQLITE_FULL
** error is generated.  The P3 register is updated with the generated
** record number.  This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
................................................................................
** and register P2 becomes ephemeral.  If the cursor is changed, the
** value of register P2 will then change.  Make sure this does not
** cause any problems.)
**
** This instruction only works on tables.  The equivalent instruction
** for indices is OP_IdxInsert.
*/
case OP_Insert: {
  Mem *pData = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  Mem *pKey = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];

  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
................................................................................
** a record from within an Next loop.
**
** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag of P2 is set, then the row change count is
** incremented (otherwise not).
**
** If P1 is a pseudo-table, then this instruction is a no-op.
*/
case OP_Delete: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
    i64 iKey;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: ResetCount P1 * *
**
** This opcode resets the VMs internal change counter to 0. If P1 is true,
** then the value of the change counter is copied to the database handle
** change counter (returned by subsequent calls to sqlite3_changes())
** before it is reset. This is used by trigger programs.
*/
case OP_ResetCount: {
  if( pOp->p1 ){
    sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
  }
  p->nChange = 0;
  break;
}

................................................................................
** If the cursor is not pointing to a valid row, a NULL value is
** written into P2.
*/
/* Opcode: RowKey P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write into register P2 the complete row key for cursor P1.
** There is no interpretation of the data.  
** The key is copied onto the P3 register exactly as 
** it is found in the database file.
**
** If the cursor is not pointing to a valid row, a NULL is
** written into P2.
*/
case OP_RowKey:             /* out2-prerelease */
case OP_RowData: {          /* out2-prerelease */
................................................................................
    v = keyToInt(v);
  }
  pOut->u.i = v;
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * * * *
**
** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always
** write a NULL.
*/
case OP_NullRow: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pC->nullRow = 1;
  pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 * * *
**
** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
** to the following instruction.
*/
case OP_Last: {        /* jump */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
  assert( pC!=0 );
................................................................................
  }else{
    pC->nullRow = 0;
  }
  break;
}


/* Opcode: Sort P1 P2 * * *
**
** This opcode does exactly the same thing as OP_Rewind except that
** it increments an undocumented global variable used for testing.
**
** Sorting is accomplished by writing records into a sorting index,
** then rewinding that index and playing it back from beginning to
** end.  We use the OP_Sort opcode instead of OP_Rewind to do the
** rewinding so that the global variable will be incremented and
** regression tests can determine whether or not the optimizer is
** correctly optimizing out sorts.
*/
case OP_Sort: {        /* jump */
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  sqlite3_sort_count++;
  sqlite3_search_count--;
#endif
  /* Fall through into OP_Rewind */
}
/* Opcode: Rewind P1 P2 * * *
**
** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
** will refer to the first entry in the database table or index.
** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
** to the following instruction.
*/
case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[i];
................................................................................
  pC->nullRow = res;
  if( res && pOp->p2>0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Next P1 P2 * * *
**
** Advance cursor P1 so that it points to the next key/data pair in its
** table or index.  If there are no more key/value pairs then fall through
** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor advance was successful,
** jump immediately to P2.
**
** See also: Prev
*/
/* Opcode: Prev P1 P2 * * *
**
** Back up cursor P1 so that it points to the previous key/data pair in its
** table or index.  If there is no previous key/value pairs then fall through
** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor backup was successful,
** jump immediately to P2.
*/
case OP_Prev:          /* jump */
case OP_Next: {        /* jump */
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;

  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( pC==0 ){
................................................................................
  }else{
    pC->nullRow = 1;
  }
  pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxInsert P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Register P2 holds a SQL index key made using the
** MakeIdxRec instructions.  This opcode writes that key
** into the index P1.  Data for the entry is nil.
**
** P3 is a flag that provides a hint to the b-tree layer that this
** insert is likely to be an append.
**
** This instruction only works for indices.  The equivalent instruction
** for tables is OP_Insert.
*/
case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* in2 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
................................................................................
      assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
      pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxDelete P1 P2 * * *
**
** The content of register P2 is an index key built using the either the
** MakeIdxRec opcode.  Removes that entry from the index.
*/
case OP_IdxDelete: {        /* in2 */
  int i = pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
................................................................................
** then jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
**
** If P5 is non-zero then the
** index taken from register P3 is temporarily increased by
** an epsilon prior to the comparison.  This makes the opcode work
** like IdxLE.
*/
case OP_IdxLT:          /* jump, in3 */
case OP_IdxGT:          /* jump, in3 */
case OP_IdxGE: {        /* jump, in3 */
  int i= pOp->p1;
  Cursor *pC;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res;
................................................................................
** P3==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
**
** If AUTOVACUUM is enabled then it is possible that another root page
** might be moved into the newly deleted root page in order to keep all
** root pages contiguous at the beginning of the database.  The former
** value of the root page that moved - its value before the move occurred -
** is stored in register P2.  If no page 
** movement was required (because the table being dropped was already 
** the last one in the database) then a zero is stored in register P2.
** If AUTOVACUUM is disabled then a zero is stored in register P2.
**
** See also: Clear
*/
case OP_Destroy: {     /* out2-prerelease */
................................................................................
**
** The table being clear is in the main database file if P2==0.  If
** P2==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
**
** See also: Destroy
*/
case OP_Clear: {
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p2))!=0 );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
**
** Allocate a new table in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
** register P2
**
** The difference between a table and an index is this:  A table must
** have a 4-byte integer key and can have arbitrary data.  An index
** has an arbitrary key but no data.
**
** See also: CreateIndex
*/
/* Opcode: CreateIndex P1 P2 * * *
**
** Allocate a new index in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
** register P2.
**
** See documentation on OP_CreateTable for additional information.
*/
case OP_CreateIndex:            /* out2-prerelease */
case OP_CreateTable: {          /* out2-prerelease */
  int pgno;
  int flags;
................................................................................
** no-op if the schema is not currently loaded.  In other words, if P2
** is false, the SQLITE_MASTER table is only parsed if the rest of the
** schema is already loaded into the symbol table.
**
** This opcode invokes the parser to create a new virtual machine,
** then runs the new virtual machine.  It is thus a reentrant opcode.
*/
case OP_ParseSchema: {
  char *zSql;
  int iDb = pOp->p1;
  const char *zMaster;
  InitData initData;

  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  if( !pOp->p2 && !DbHasProperty(db, iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
................................................................................
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)
/* Opcode: LoadAnalysis P1 * * * *
**
** Read the sqlite_stat1 table for database P1 and load the content
** of that table into the internal index hash table.  This will cause
** the analysis to be used when preparing all subsequent queries.
*/
case OP_LoadAnalysis: {
  int iDb = pOp->p1;
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  rc = sqlite3AnalysisLoad(db, iDb);
  break;  
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)  */

................................................................................
/* Opcode: DropTable P1 * * P4 *
**
** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
** the table named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a table
** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
** schema consistent with what is on disk.
*/
case OP_DropTable: {
  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: DropIndex P1 * * P4 *
**
** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
** the index named P4 in database P1.  This is called after an index
** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
** schema consistent with what is on disk.
*/
case OP_DropIndex: {
  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: DropTrigger P1 * * P4 *
**
** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
** the trigger named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a trigger
** is dropped in order to keep the internal representation of the
** schema consistent with what is on disk.
*/
case OP_DropTrigger: {
  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  break;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
/* Opcode: IntegrityCk P1 P2 P3 * P5
................................................................................
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */

/* Opcode: FifoWrite P1 * * * *
**
** Write the integer from register P1 into the Fifo.
*/
case OP_FifoWrite: {        /* in1 */
  if( sqlite3VdbeFifoPush(&p->sFifo, sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1))==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: FifoRead P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
/* Opcode: ContextPush * * * 
**
** Save the current Vdbe context such that it can be restored by a ContextPop
** opcode. The context stores the last insert row id, the last statement change
** count, and the current statement change count.
*/
case OP_ContextPush: {
  int i = p->contextStackTop++;
  Context *pContext;

  assert( i>=0 );
  /* FIX ME: This should be allocated as part of the vdbe at compile-time */
  if( i>=p->contextStackDepth ){
    p->contextStackDepth = i+1;
................................................................................

/* Opcode: ContextPop * * * 
**
** Restore the Vdbe context to the state it was in when contextPush was last
** executed. The context stores the last insert row id, the last statement
** change count, and the current statement change count.
*/
case OP_ContextPop: {
  Context *pContext = &p->contextStack[--p->contextStackTop];
  assert( p->contextStackTop>=0 );
  db->lastRowid = pContext->lastRowid;
  p->nChange = pContext->nChange;
  sqlite3VdbeFifoClear(&p->sFifo);
  p->sFifo = pContext->sFifo;
  break;
................................................................................
**
** Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of its current value
** and the value in register P2.
**
** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
** an integer.
*/
case OP_MemMax: {        /* in1, in2 */
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
  if( pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
    pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
  }

  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */

/* Opcode: IfPos P1 P2 * * *
**
** If the value of register P1 is 1 or greater, jump to P2.
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfPos: {        /* jump, in1 */
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i>0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
/* Opcode: IfNeg P1 P2 * * *
**
** If the value of register P1 is less than zero, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfNeg: {        /* jump, in1 */
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i<0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
/* Opcode: IfZero P1 P2 * * *
**
** If the value of register P1 is exactly 0, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfZero: {        /* jump, in1 */
  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i==0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
** function has P5 arguments.   P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef
** structure that specifies the function.  Use register
** P3 as the accumulator.
**
** The P5 arguments are taken from register P2 and its
** successors.
*/
case OP_AggStep: {
  int n = pOp->p5;
  int i;
  Mem *pMem, *pRec;
  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;

  assert( n>=0 );
................................................................................
** P2 is the number of arguments that the step function takes and
** P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef for this function.  The P2
** argument is not used by this opcode.  It is only there to disambiguate
** functions that can take varying numbers of arguments.  The
** P4 argument is only needed for the degenerate case where
** the step function was not previously called.
*/
case OP_AggFinal: {
  Mem *pMem;
  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
  if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3_value_text(pMem), (char*)0);
................................................................................
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH)
/* Opcode: Vacuum * * * * *
**
** Vacuum the entire database.  This opcode will cause other virtual
** machines to be created and run.  It may not be called from within
** a transaction.
*/
case OP_Vacuum: {
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse; 
  rc = sqlite3RunVacuum(&p->zErrMsg, db);
  if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  break;
}
#endif

................................................................................
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM)
/* Opcode: IncrVacuum P1 P2 * * *
**
** Perform a single step of the incremental vacuum procedure on
** the P1 database. If the vacuum has finished, jump to instruction
** P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next instruction.
*/
case OP_IncrVacuum: {        /* jump */
  Btree *pBt;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(pBt);
  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
................................................................................
** Cause precompiled statements to become expired. An expired statement
** fails with an error code of SQLITE_SCHEMA if it is ever executed 
** (via sqlite3_step()).
** 
** If P1 is 0, then all SQL statements become expired. If P1 is non-zero,
** then only the currently executing statement is affected. 
*/
case OP_Expire: {
  if( !pOp->p1 ){
    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
  }else{
    p->expired = 1;
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
** required. 
**
** P2 contains the root-page of the table to lock.
**
** P4 contains a pointer to the name of the table being locked. This is only
** used to generate an error message if the lock cannot be obtained.
*/
case OP_TableLock: {
  int p1 = pOp->p1; 
  u8 isWriteLock = (p1<0);
  if( isWriteLock ){
    p1 = (-1*p1)-1;
  }
  assert( p1>=0 && p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<p1))!=0 );
................................................................................

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VBegin * * * P4 *
**
** P4 a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure. Call the xBegin method 
** for that table.
*/
case OP_VBegin: {
  rc = sqlite3VtabBegin(db, pOp->p4.pVtab);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VCreate P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1. Call the xCreate method
** for that table.
*/
case OP_VCreate: {
  rc = sqlite3VtabCallCreate(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z, &p->zErrMsg);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VDestroy P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1.  Call the xDestroy method
** of that table.
*/
case OP_VDestroy: {
  p->inVtabMethod = 2;
  rc = sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
  p->inVtabMethod = 0;
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VOpen P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
** P1 is a cursor number.  This opcode opens a cursor to the virtual
** table and stores that cursor in P1.
*/
case OP_VOpen: {
  Cursor *pCur = 0;
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor = 0;

  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
  sqlite3_module *pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;

  assert(pVtab && pModule);
................................................................................
** P3. Register P3+1 stores the argc parameter to be passed to the
** xFilter method. Registers P3+2..P3+1+argc are the argc additional
** parametersneath additional parameters which are passed to
** xFilter as argv. Register P3+2 becomes argv[0] when passed to xFilter.
**
** A jump is made to P2 if the result set after filtering would be empty.
*/
case OP_VFilter: {   /* jump */
  int nArg;
  int iQuery;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  Mem *pQuery = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  Mem *pArgc = &pQuery[1];

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];

  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pQuery);
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;

  /* Grab the index number and argc parameters */
  assert( (pQuery->flags&MEM_Int)!=0 && pArgc->flags==MEM_Int );
  nArg = pArgc->u.i;
  iQuery = pQuery->u.i;

  /* Invoke the xFilter method */
  {
    int res = 0;
................................................................................
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VRowid P1 P2 * * *
**
** Store into register P2  the rowid of
** the virtual-table that the P1 cursor is pointing to.

*/
case OP_VRowid: {             /* out2-prerelease */
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Store the value of the P2-th column of
** the row of the virtual-table that the 
** P1 cursor is pointing to into register P3.

*/
case OP_VColumn: {
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................
    sqlite3_context sContext;
    memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
    sContext.s.flags = MEM_Null;
    sContext.s.db = db;
    if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
    rc = pModule->xColumn(pCur->pVtabCursor, &sContext, pOp->p2);

    /* Copy the result of the function to the P3 register. We
    ** do this regardless of whether or not an error occured to ensure any
    ** dynamic allocation in sContext.s (a Mem struct) is  released.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&sContext.s, encoding);

    assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
    pDest = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pDest);




    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pDest, &sContext.s);
    UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pDest);

    if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ){
      goto abort_due_to_misuse;
    }
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pDest) ){
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VNext P1 P2 * * *
**
** Advance virtual table P1 to the next row in its result set and
** jump to instruction P2.  Or, if the virtual table has reached
** the end of its result set, then fall through to the next instruction.
*/
case OP_VNext: {   /* jump */
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  int res = 0;

  Cursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pModule = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab->pModule;
  if( pModule->xNext==0 ){
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VRename P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
** This opcode invokes the corresponding xRename method. The value
** in register P1 is passed as the zName argument to the xRename method.
*/
case OP_VRename: {
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
  Mem *pName = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pVtab->pModule->xRename );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pName);

  Stringify(pName, encoding);

................................................................................
** If P2==1 then no insert is performed.  argv[0] is the rowid of
** a row to delete.
**
** P1 is a boolean flag. If it is set to true and the xUpdate call
** is successful, then the value returned by sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() 
** is set to the value of the rowid for the row just inserted.
*/
case OP_VUpdate: {
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
  sqlite3_module *pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
  int nArg = pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
  if( pModule->xUpdate==0 ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "read-only table", 0);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
................................................................................
** The cases of the switch statement above this line should all be indented
** by 6 spaces.  But the left-most 6 spaces have been removed to improve the
** readability.  From this point on down, the normal indentation rules are
** restored.
*****************************************************************************/
    }










#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    {
      long long elapse = hwtime() - start;
      pOp->cycles += elapse;
      pOp->cnt++;
#if 0
        fprintf(stdout, "%10lld ", elapse);
................................................................................

    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
    ** the evaluator loop.  So we can leave it out when NDEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifndef NDEBUG










    assert( pc>=-1 && pc<p->nOp );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

    if( p->trace ){
      if( rc!=0 ) fprintf(p->trace,"rc=%d\n",rc);
      if( (opProperty&(OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE|OPFLG_OUT2))!=0 && pOp->p2>0 ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p2, pOut);
      }
      if( (opProperty&OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 && pOp->p3>0 ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p3, pOut);
      }








    }
#endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
#endif  /* NDEBUG */
  }  /* The end of the for(;;) loop the loops through opcodes */

  /* If we reach this point, it means that execution is finished.
  */
................................................................................
  if( rc ){
    p->rc = rc;
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else{
    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);


  /* This is the only way out of this procedure.  We have to
  ** release the mutexes on btrees that were acquired at the
  ** top. */
vdbe_return:
  sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(&p->aMutex);
  return rc;

  Vdbe *pPrev,*pNext; /* Linked list of VDBEs with the same Vdbe.db */
  int nOp;            /* Number of instructions in the program */
  int nOpAlloc;       /* Number of slots allocated for aOp[] */
  Op *aOp;            /* Space to hold the virtual machine's program */
  int nLabel;         /* Number of labels used */
  int nLabelAlloc;    /* Number of slots allocated in aLabel[] */
  int *aLabel;        /* Space to hold the labels */
  Mem *aStack;        /* The operand stack, except string values */
  Mem *pTos;          /* Top entry in the operand stack */
  Mem **apArg;        /* Arguments to currently executing user function */
  Mem *aColName;      /* Column names to return */
  int nCursor;        /* Number of slots in apCsr[] */
  Cursor **apCsr;     /* One element of this array for each open cursor */
  int nVar;           /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
  Mem *aVar;          /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
  char **azVar;       /* Name of variables */
................................................................................
  unsigned uniqueCnt;     /* Used by OP_MakeRecord when P2!=0 */
  int errorAction;        /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
  int inTempTrans;        /* True if temp database is transactioned */
  int returnStack[25];    /* Return address stack for OP_Gosub & OP_Return */
  int returnDepth;        /* Next unused element in returnStack[] */
  int nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
  char **azResColumn;     /* Values for one row of result */ 
  int popStack;           /* Pop the stack this much on entry to VdbeExec() */
  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
  Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
  u8 aborted;             /* True if ROLLBACK in another VM causes an abort */
  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */

  Vdbe *pPrev,*pNext; /* Linked list of VDBEs with the same Vdbe.db */
  int nOp;            /* Number of instructions in the program */
  int nOpAlloc;       /* Number of slots allocated for aOp[] */
  Op *aOp;            /* Space to hold the virtual machine's program */
  int nLabel;         /* Number of labels used */
  int nLabelAlloc;    /* Number of slots allocated in aLabel[] */
  int *aLabel;        /* Space to hold the labels */


  Mem **apArg;        /* Arguments to currently executing user function */
  Mem *aColName;      /* Column names to return */
  int nCursor;        /* Number of slots in apCsr[] */
  Cursor **apCsr;     /* One element of this array for each open cursor */
  int nVar;           /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
  Mem *aVar;          /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
  char **azVar;       /* Name of variables */
................................................................................
  unsigned uniqueCnt;     /* Used by OP_MakeRecord when P2!=0 */
  int errorAction;        /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
  int inTempTrans;        /* True if temp database is transactioned */
  int returnStack[25];    /* Return address stack for OP_Gosub & OP_Return */
  int returnDepth;        /* Next unused element in returnStack[] */
  int nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
  char **azResColumn;     /* Values for one row of result */ 

  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
  Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
  u8 aborted;             /* True if ROLLBACK in another VM causes an abort */
  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */

  assert( j>=0 && j<p->nLabel );
  if( p->aLabel ){
    p->aLabel[j] = p->nOp;
  }
}

/*
** Loop through the program looking for P2 values that are negative.
** Each such value is a label.  Resolve the label by setting the P2
** value to its correct non-zero value.
**
** This routine is called once after all opcodes have been inserted.
**
** Variable *pMaxFuncArgs is set to the maximum value of any P2 argument 
** to an OP_Function, OP_AggStep or OP_VFilter opcode. This is used by 
** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() to size the Vdbe.apArg[] array.
**
** The integer *pMaxStack is set to the maximum number of vdbe stack
** entries that static analysis reveals this program might need.
**
** This routine also does the following optimization:  It scans for
** instructions that might cause a statement rollback.  Such instructions
** are:
**
**   *  OP_Halt with P1=SQLITE_CONSTRAINT and P2=OE_Abort.
**   *  OP_Destroy
**   *  OP_VUpdate
**   *  OP_VRename
**
** If no such instruction is found, then every Statement instruction 
** is changed to a Noop.  In this way, we avoid creating the statement 
** journal file unnecessarily.
*/
static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs, int *pMaxStack){
  int i;
  int nMaxArgs = 0;
  int nMaxStack = p->nOp;
  Op *pOp;
  int *aLabel = p->aLabel;
  int doesStatementRollback = 0;
  int hasStatementBegin = 0;
  for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
    u8 opcode = pOp->opcode;

................................................................................
      int n;
      assert( p->nOp - i >= 3 );
      assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
      n = pOp[-1].p1;
      if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
#endif
    }
    if( !sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(opcode, OPFLG_PUSH) ){
      nMaxStack--;
    }

    if( sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(opcode, OPFLG_JUMP) && pOp->p2<0 ){
      assert( -1-pOp->p2<p->nLabel );
      pOp->p2 = aLabel[-1-pOp->p2];
    }
  }
  sqlite3_free(p->aLabel);
  p->aLabel = 0;

  *pMaxFuncArgs = nMaxArgs;
  *pMaxStack = nMaxStack;

  /* If we never rollback a statement transaction, then statement
  ** transactions are not needed.  So change every OP_Statement
  ** opcode into an OP_Noop.  This avoid a call to sqlite3OsOpenExclusive()
  ** which can be expensive on some platforms.
  */
  if( hasStatementBegin && !doesStatementRollback ){
................................................................................
/*
** Release an array of N Mem elements
*/
static void releaseMemArray(Mem *p, int N){
  if( p ){
    while( N-->0 ){
      assert( N<2 || p[0].db==p[1].db );
      sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p++);
    }
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
/*
** Give a listing of the program in the virtual machine.
**
** The interface is the same as sqlite3VdbeExec().  But instead of
** running the code, it invokes the callback once for each instruction.
** This feature is used to implement "EXPLAIN".





*/
int sqlite3VdbeList(
  Vdbe *p                   /* The VDBE */
){
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;


  assert( p->explain );
  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );

  /* Even though this opcode does not put dynamic strings onto the
  ** the stack, they may become dynamic if the user calls
  ** sqlite3_column_text16(), causing a translation to UTF-16 encoding.
  */
  if( p->pResultSet ){
    releaseMemArray(p->pResultSet, 5);
    p->pResultSet = 0;
  }

  do{
    i = p->pc++;
  }while( i<p->nOp && p->explain==2 && p->aOp[i].opcode!=OP_Explain );
  if( i>=p->nOp ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc), (char*)0);
  }else{
    Op *pOp = &p->aOp[i];
    Mem *pMem = p->pResultSet = p->aStack;
    if( p->explain==1 ){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
      pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
      pMem++;
  
      pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
................................................................................
        pMem->n = strlen(pMem->z);
        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
      }
#endif
    }

    p->nResColumn = 8 - 5*(p->explain-1);
    p->pTos = pMem;
    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
    rc = SQLITE_ROW;
  }
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */

................................................................................
  /* Set the magic to VDBE_MAGIC_RUN sooner rather than later. This
   * is because the call to resizeOpArray() below may shrink the
   * p->aOp[] array to save memory if called when in VDBE_MAGIC_RUN 
   * state.
   */
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;

  /* No instruction ever pushes more than a single element onto the
  ** stack.  And the stack never grows on successive executions of the
  ** same loop.  So the total number of instructions is an upper bound
  ** on the maximum stack depth required.  (Added later:)  The
  ** resolveP2Values() call computes a tighter upper bound on the
  ** stack size.
  **
  ** Allocation all the stack space we will ever need.
  */
  if( p->aStack==0 ){
    int nArg;       /* Maximum number of args passed to a user function. */
    int nStack;     /* Maximum number of stack entries required */
    resolveP2Values(p, &nArg, &nStack);
    resizeOpArray(p, p->nOp);
    assert( nVar>=0 );
    assert( nStack<p->nOp );
    if( isExplain ){
      nStack = 16;

    }
    p->aStack = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db,
        nStack*sizeof(p->aStack[0])    /* aStack */
      + nArg*sizeof(Mem*)              /* apArg */

      + nVar*sizeof(Mem)               /* aVar */

      + nVar*sizeof(char*)             /* azVar */
      + nMem*sizeof(Mem)               /* aMem */
      + nCursor*sizeof(Cursor*) + 1    /* apCsr */
    );
    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
      p->aMem = &p->aStack[nStack-1];  /* aMem[] goes from 1..nMem */
      p->nMem = nMem;                  /*       not from 0..nMem-1 */
      p->aVar = &p->aMem[nMem+1];
      p->nVar = nVar;
      p->okVar = 0;
      p->apArg = (Mem**)&p->aVar[nVar];
      p->azVar = (char**)&p->apArg[nArg];
      p->apCsr = (Cursor**)&p->azVar[nVar];
      p->nCursor = nCursor;
      for(n=0; n<nVar; n++){
        p->aVar[n].flags = MEM_Null;
        p->aVar[n].db = db;
      }
      for(n=0; n<nStack; n++){
        p->aStack[n].db = db;
      }
    }
  }
  for(n=1; n<=p->nMem; n++){
    p->aMem[n].flags = MEM_Null;
    p->aMem[n].db = db;
  }

  p->pTos = &p->aStack[-1];








  p->pc = -1;
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  p->uniqueCnt = 0;
  p->returnDepth = 0;
  p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
  p->popStack =  0;
  p->explain |= isExplain;
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->cacheCtr = 1;
  p->minWriteFileFormat = 255;
  p->openedStatement = 0;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
................................................................................
**
** This routine will automatically close any cursors, lists, and/or
** sorters that were left open.  It also deletes the values of
** variables in the aVar[] array.
*/
static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
  int i;
  if( p->aStack ){
    releaseMemArray(p->aStack, 1 + (p->pTos - p->aStack));
    p->pTos = &p->aStack[-1];
  }
  closeAllCursorsExceptActiveVtabs(p);
  releaseMemArray(&p->aMem[1], p->nMem);
  sqlite3VdbeFifoClear(&p->sFifo);
  if( p->contextStack ){
    for(i=0; i<p->contextStackTop; i++){
      sqlite3VdbeFifoClear(&p->contextStack[i].sFifo);
    }
................................................................................

  /* Reclaim all memory used by the VDBE
  */
  Cleanup(p);

  /* Save profiling information from this VDBE run.
  */
  assert( p->pTos<&p->aStack[p->pc<0?0:p->pc] || !p->aStack );
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  {
    FILE *out = fopen("vdbe_profile.out", "a");
    if( out ){
      int i;
      fprintf(out, "---- ");
      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
................................................................................
      sqlite3_free(pOp->zComment);
#endif     
    }
    sqlite3_free(p->aOp);
  }
  releaseMemArray(p->aVar, p->nVar);
  sqlite3_free(p->aLabel);

  sqlite3_free(p->aStack);

  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
  sqlite3_free(p->aColName);
  sqlite3_free(p->zSql);
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD;
  sqlite3_free(p);
}

  assert( j>=0 && j<p->nLabel );
  if( p->aLabel ){
    p->aLabel[j] = p->nOp;
  }
}

/*
** Loop through the program looking for P2 values that are negative
** on jump instructions.  Each such value is a label.  Resolve the
** label by setting the P2 value to its correct non-zero value.
**
** This routine is called once after all opcodes have been inserted.
**
** Variable *pMaxFuncArgs is set to the maximum value of any P2 argument 
** to an OP_Function, OP_AggStep or OP_VFilter opcode. This is used by 
** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() to size the Vdbe.apArg[] array.
**



** This routine also does the following optimization:  It scans for
** instructions that might cause a statement rollback.  Such instructions
** are:
**
**   *  OP_Halt with P1=SQLITE_CONSTRAINT and P2=OE_Abort.
**   *  OP_Destroy
**   *  OP_VUpdate
**   *  OP_VRename
**
** If no such instruction is found, then every Statement instruction 
** is changed to a Noop.  In this way, we avoid creating the statement 
** journal file unnecessarily.
*/
static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
  int i;
  int nMaxArgs = 0;

  Op *pOp;
  int *aLabel = p->aLabel;
  int doesStatementRollback = 0;
  int hasStatementBegin = 0;
  for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
    u8 opcode = pOp->opcode;

................................................................................
      int n;
      assert( p->nOp - i >= 3 );
      assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
      n = pOp[-1].p1;
      if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
#endif
    }




    if( sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(opcode, OPFLG_JUMP) && pOp->p2<0 ){
      assert( -1-pOp->p2<p->nLabel );
      pOp->p2 = aLabel[-1-pOp->p2];
    }
  }
  sqlite3_free(p->aLabel);
  p->aLabel = 0;

  *pMaxFuncArgs = nMaxArgs;


  /* If we never rollback a statement transaction, then statement
  ** transactions are not needed.  So change every OP_Statement
  ** opcode into an OP_Noop.  This avoid a call to sqlite3OsOpenExclusive()
  ** which can be expensive on some platforms.
  */
  if( hasStatementBegin && !doesStatementRollback ){
................................................................................
/*
** Release an array of N Mem elements
*/
static void releaseMemArray(Mem *p, int N){
  if( p ){
    while( N-->0 ){
      assert( N<2 || p[0].db==p[1].db );
      sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(p++);
    }
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
/*
** Give a listing of the program in the virtual machine.
**
** The interface is the same as sqlite3VdbeExec().  But instead of
** running the code, it invokes the callback once for each instruction.
** This feature is used to implement "EXPLAIN".
**
** When p->explain==1, each instruction is listed.  When
** p->explain==2, only OP_Explain instructions are listed and these
** are shown in a different format.  p->explain==2 is used to implement
** EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeList(
  Vdbe *p                   /* The VDBE */
){
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  Mem *pMem = p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];

  assert( p->explain );
  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );

  /* Even though this opcode does not use dynamic strings for
  ** the result, result columns may become dynamic if the user calls
  ** sqlite3_column_text16(), causing a translation to UTF-16 encoding.
  */

  releaseMemArray(pMem, p->nMem);



  do{
    i = p->pc++;
  }while( i<p->nOp && p->explain==2 && p->aOp[i].opcode!=OP_Explain );
  if( i>=p->nOp ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc), (char*)0);
  }else{
    Op *pOp = &p->aOp[i];

    if( p->explain==1 ){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
      pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
      pMem++;
  
      pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
................................................................................
        pMem->n = strlen(pMem->z);
        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
      }
#endif
    }

    p->nResColumn = 8 - 5*(p->explain-1);

    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
    rc = SQLITE_ROW;
  }
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */

................................................................................
  /* Set the magic to VDBE_MAGIC_RUN sooner rather than later. This
   * is because the call to resizeOpArray() below may shrink the
   * p->aOp[] array to save memory if called when in VDBE_MAGIC_RUN 
   * state.
   */
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;

  /*
  ** Allocation space for registers.






  */
  if( p->aMem==0 ){
    int nArg;       /* Maximum number of args passed to a user function. */

    resolveP2Values(p, &nArg);
    resizeOpArray(p, p->nOp);
    assert( nVar>=0 );

    if( isExplain && nMem<10 ){

      p->nMem = nMem = 10;
    }
    p->aMem = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db,


        nMem*sizeof(Mem)               /* aMem */
      + nVar*sizeof(Mem)               /* aVar */
      + nArg*sizeof(Mem*)              /* apArg */
      + nVar*sizeof(char*)             /* azVar */

      + nCursor*sizeof(Cursor*) + 1    /* apCsr */
    );
    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
      p->aMem--;             /* aMem[] goes from 1..nMem */
      p->nMem = nMem;        /*       not from 0..nMem-1 */
      p->aVar = &p->aMem[nMem+1];
      p->nVar = nVar;
      p->okVar = 0;
      p->apArg = (Mem**)&p->aVar[nVar];
      p->azVar = (char**)&p->apArg[nArg];
      p->apCsr = (Cursor**)&p->azVar[nVar];
      p->nCursor = nCursor;
      for(n=0; n<nVar; n++){
        p->aVar[n].flags = MEM_Null;
        p->aVar[n].db = db;
      }





      for(n=1; n<=nMem; n++){
        p->aMem[n].flags = MEM_Null;
        p->aMem[n].db = db;
      }
    }

  }
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  for(n=1; n<p->nMem; n++){
    assert( p->aMem[n].db==db );
    assert( p->aMem[n].flags==MEM_Null );
  }
#endif

  p->pc = -1;
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  p->uniqueCnt = 0;
  p->returnDepth = 0;
  p->errorAction = OE_Abort;

  p->explain |= isExplain;
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->cacheCtr = 1;
  p->minWriteFileFormat = 255;
  p->openedStatement = 0;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
................................................................................
**
** This routine will automatically close any cursors, lists, and/or
** sorters that were left open.  It also deletes the values of
** variables in the aVar[] array.
*/
static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
  int i;




  closeAllCursorsExceptActiveVtabs(p);
  releaseMemArray(&p->aMem[1], p->nMem);
  sqlite3VdbeFifoClear(&p->sFifo);
  if( p->contextStack ){
    for(i=0; i<p->contextStackTop; i++){
      sqlite3VdbeFifoClear(&p->contextStack[i].sFifo);
    }
................................................................................

  /* Reclaim all memory used by the VDBE
  */
  Cleanup(p);

  /* Save profiling information from this VDBE run.
  */

#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  {
    FILE *out = fopen("vdbe_profile.out", "a");
    if( out ){
      int i;
      fprintf(out, "---- ");
      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
................................................................................
      sqlite3_free(pOp->zComment);
#endif     
    }
    sqlite3_free(p->aOp);
  }
  releaseMemArray(p->aVar, p->nVar);
  sqlite3_free(p->aLabel);
  if( p->aMem ){
    sqlite3_free(&p->aMem[1]);
  }
  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
  sqlite3_free(p->aColName);
  sqlite3_free(p->zSql);
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD;
  sqlite3_free(p);
}

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to help implement virtual tables.
**
** $Id: vtab.c,v 1.61 2008/01/12 12:48:08 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
#include "sqliteInt.h"

static int createModule(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database in which module is registered */
  const char *zName,              /* Name assigned to this module */
................................................................................
      pTab->zName,
      pTab->zName,
      zStmt,
      pParse->regRowid
    );
    sqlite3_free(zStmt);
    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(db, v, iDb);

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Expire, 0, 0);
    zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q'", pTab->zName);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 1, 0, zWhere, P4_DYNAMIC);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VCreate, iDb, 0, 0, 
                         pTab->zName, strlen(pTab->zName) + 1);
  }

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to help implement virtual tables.
**
** $Id: vtab.c,v 1.62 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
#include "sqliteInt.h"

static int createModule(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database in which module is registered */
  const char *zName,              /* Name assigned to this module */
................................................................................
      pTab->zName,
      pTab->zName,
      zStmt,
      pParse->regRowid
    );
    sqlite3_free(zStmt);
    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Expire, 0, 0);
    zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q'", pTab->zName);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 1, 0, zWhere, P4_DYNAMIC);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VCreate, iDb, 0, 0, 
                         pTab->zName, strlen(pTab->zName) + 1);
  }

** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  This module is reponsible for
** generating the code that loops through a table looking for applicable
** rows.  Indices are selected and used to speed the search when doing
** so is applicable.  Because this module is responsible for selecting
** indices, you might also think of this module as the "query optimizer".
**
** $Id: where.c,v 1.282 2008/01/17 02:36:28 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
*/
#define BMS  (sizeof(Bitmask)*8)
................................................................................
      assert( omitTable==0 );
      assert( bRev==0 );
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
      pLevel->p1 = iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iCur, brk);
    }
    notReady &= ~getMask(&maskSet, iCur);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_StackDepth, -1, 0);

    /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
    ** computed using the current set of tables.
    */
    for(pTerm=wc.a, j=wc.nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
      Expr *pE;
      if( pTerm->flags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;

** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  This module is reponsible for
** generating the code that loops through a table looking for applicable
** rows.  Indices are selected and used to speed the search when doing
** so is applicable.  Because this module is responsible for selecting
** indices, you might also think of this module as the "query optimizer".
**
** $Id: where.c,v 1.283 2008/01/17 16:22:15 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
*/
#define BMS  (sizeof(Bitmask)*8)
................................................................................
      assert( omitTable==0 );
      assert( bRev==0 );
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
      pLevel->p1 = iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iCur, brk);
    }
    notReady &= ~getMask(&maskSet, iCur);


    /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
    ** computed using the current set of tables.
    */
    for(pTerm=wc.a, j=wc.nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
      Expr *pE;
      if( pTerm->flags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;

#
#***********************************************************************
# This file tests the optimisations made in November 2007 of expressions 
# of the following form:
#
#     <value> IN (SELECT <column> FROM <table>)
#
# $Id: in3.test,v 1.2 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !subquery {
  finish_test
  return
................................................................................
  exec_neph { SELECT b FROM t3 WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM t3) }
} {0 none numeric real text}
do_test in3-4.6 {
  execsql { DROP INDEX t3_i2 }
} {}

finish_test

#
#***********************************************************************
# This file tests the optimisations made in November 2007 of expressions 
# of the following form:
#
#     <value> IN (SELECT <column> FROM <table>)
#
# $Id: in3.test,v 1.3 2008/01/17 16:22:16 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !subquery {
  finish_test
  return
................................................................................
  exec_neph { SELECT b FROM t3 WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM t3) }
} {0 none numeric real text}
do_test in3-4.6 {
  execsql { DROP INDEX t3_i2 }
} {}

finish_test