** share an instance of the following structure to hold their state
** information.
*/
typedef struct Stat4Accum Stat4Accum;
struct Stat4Accum {
  tRowcnt nRow;             /* Number of rows in the entire table */
  tRowcnt nPSample;         /* How often to do a periodic sample */
  int iMin;                 /* Index of entry with minimum nSumEq and hash */
  int mxSample;             /* Maximum number of samples to accumulate */
  int nSample;              /* Current number of samples */
  int nCol;                 /* Number of columns in the index */
  u32 iPrn;                 /* Pseudo-random number used for sampling */
  struct Stat4Sample {
    i64 iRowid;                /* Rowid in main table of the key */
    tRowcnt nSumEq;            /* Sum of anEq[] values */
    tRowcnt *anEq;             /* sqlite_stat4.nEq */
    tRowcnt *anLt;             /* sqlite_stat4.nLt */
    tRowcnt *anDLt;            /* sqlite_stat4.nDLt */
    u8 isPSample;              /* True if a periodic sample */
    u32 iHash;                 /* Tiebreaker hash */
  } *a;                     /* An array of samples */
};
................................................................................

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(context);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);

  assert( p->nCol>0 );
  assert( argc==(2 + 3*p->nCol) );

  /* Set nSumEq to the sum of all nEq parameters. */
  for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
    nSumEq += sqlite3_value_int64(aEq[i]);
  }
  if( nSumEq==0 ) return;

  /* Figure out if this sample will be used. Set isPSample to true if this






  ** is a periodic sample, or false if it is being captured because of a
  ** large nSumEq value. If the sample will not be used, return early.  */





  h = p->iPrn = p->iPrn*1103515245 + 12345;
  if( (nLt/p->nPSample)!=((nEq+nLt)/p->nPSample) ){
    doInsert = isPSample = 1;
  }else if( (p->nSample<p->mxSample)
         || (nSumEq>p->a[iMin].nSumEq)











         || (nSumEq==p->a[iMin].nSumEq && h>p->a[iMin].iHash) 
  ){
    doInsert = 1;
  }

  if( !doInsert ) return;

  /* Fill in the new Stat4Sample object. */
  if( p->nSample==p->mxSample ){
    struct Stat4Sample *pMin = &p->a[iMin];
    tRowcnt *anEq = pMin->anEq;
    tRowcnt *anDLt = pMin->anDLt;
................................................................................
    pSample->anLt = anLt;
  }else{
    pSample = &p->a[p->nSample++];
  }
  pSample->iRowid = rowid;
  pSample->iHash = h;
  pSample->isPSample = isPSample;
  pSample->nSumEq = nSumEq;
  for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
    pSample->anEq[i] = sqlite3_value_int64(aEq[i]);
    pSample->anLt[i] = sqlite3_value_int64(aLt[i]);
    pSample->anDLt[i] = sqlite3_value_int64(aDLt[i])-1;
    assert( sqlite3_value_int64(aDLt[i])>0 );
  } 

  /* Find the new minimum */
  if( p->nSample==p->mxSample ){
    u32 iHash = 0;                /* Hash corresponding to iMin/nSumEq entry */
    i64 nMinEq = LARGEST_INT64;   /* Smallest nSumEq seen so far */
    assert( iMin = -1 );

    for(i=0; i<p->mxSample; i++){
      if( p->a[i].isPSample ) continue;
      if( (p->a[i].nSumEq<nMinEq)
       || (p->a[i].nSumEq==nMinEq && p->a[i].iHash<iHash)
      ){
        iMin = i;
        nMinEq = p->a[i].nSumEq;
        iHash = p->a[i].iHash;



      }
    }
    assert( iMin>=0 );
    p->iMin = iMin;
  }
}
static const FuncDef stat4PushFuncdef = {

** share an instance of the following structure to hold their state
** information.
*/
typedef struct Stat4Accum Stat4Accum;
struct Stat4Accum {
  tRowcnt nRow;             /* Number of rows in the entire table */
  tRowcnt nPSample;         /* How often to do a periodic sample */
  int iMin;                 /* Index of entry with minimum nEq and hash */
  int mxSample;             /* Maximum number of samples to accumulate */
  int nSample;              /* Current number of samples */
  int nCol;                 /* Number of columns in the index */
  u32 iPrn;                 /* Pseudo-random number used for sampling */
  struct Stat4Sample {
    i64 iRowid;                /* Rowid in main table of the key */

    tRowcnt *anEq;             /* sqlite_stat4.nEq */
    tRowcnt *anLt;             /* sqlite_stat4.nLt */
    tRowcnt *anDLt;            /* sqlite_stat4.nDLt */
    u8 isPSample;              /* True if a periodic sample */
    u32 iHash;                 /* Tiebreaker hash */
  } *a;                     /* An array of samples */
};
................................................................................

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(context);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);

  assert( p->nCol>0 );
  assert( argc==(2 + 3*p->nCol) );







  /* Figure out if this sample will be used. There are two reasons a
  ** sample may be used:
  **
  **   1. It may be a periodic sample. In this case set isPSample to true
  **      as well. Or,
  **
  **   2. Less than p->mxSample samples have been collected so far, or
  **
  **   3. It is more desirable than some other non-periodic sample that has
  **      already been collected. Samples are compared based on the values
  **      in the anEq array, starting from last (right-most index column)
  **      to first (left-most index column). If all elements of the anEq
  **      array are equal, samples are compared by hash value.
  */
  h = p->iPrn = p->iPrn*1103515245 + 12345;
  if( (nLt/p->nPSample)!=((nEq+nLt)/p->nPSample) ){
    doInsert = isPSample = 1;
  }else if( p->nSample<p->mxSample ){

    doInsert = 1;
  }else{
    tRowcnt *aMinEq = p->a[iMin].anEq;
    for(i=p->nCol-1; i>=0; i--){
      i64 nEq = sqlite3_value_int64(aEq[i]);
      if( nEq<aMinEq[i] ) break;
      if( nEq>aMinEq[i] ){
        doInsert = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    if( i<0 && h>p->a[iMin].iHash ){

      doInsert = 1;
    }
  }
  if( !doInsert ) return;

  /* Fill in the new Stat4Sample object. */
  if( p->nSample==p->mxSample ){
    struct Stat4Sample *pMin = &p->a[iMin];
    tRowcnt *anEq = pMin->anEq;
    tRowcnt *anDLt = pMin->anDLt;
................................................................................
    pSample->anLt = anLt;
  }else{
    pSample = &p->a[p->nSample++];
  }
  pSample->iRowid = rowid;
  pSample->iHash = h;
  pSample->isPSample = isPSample;

  for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
    pSample->anEq[i] = sqlite3_value_int64(aEq[i]);
    pSample->anLt[i] = sqlite3_value_int64(aLt[i]);
    pSample->anDLt[i] = sqlite3_value_int64(aDLt[i])-1;
    assert( sqlite3_value_int64(aDLt[i])>0 );
  } 

  /* Find the new minimum */
  if( p->nSample==p->mxSample ){
    iMin = -1;
    for(i=0; i<p->mxSample; i++){
      if( p->a[i].isPSample ) continue;
      if( iMin<0 ){
        iMin = i;
      }else{
        int j;
        for(j=p->nCol-1; j>=0; j++){
          i64 iCmp = (p->a[iMin].anEq[j] - p->a[i].anEq[j]);
          if( iCmp<0 ){ iMin = i; }
          if( iCmp ) break;
        }
        if( j==0 && p->a[iMin].iHash<p->a[i].iHash ){
          iMin = i;
        }
      }
    }
    assert( iMin>=0 );
    p->iMin = iMin;
  }
}
static const FuncDef stat4PushFuncdef = {