SQLite

3.8.8

#! /bin/sh
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62 for sqlite 3.8.8.
#
# Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
# 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
## --------------------- ##
## M4sh Initialization.  ##

MFLAGS=
MAKEFLAGS=
SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh}

# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='sqlite'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='sqlite'
PACKAGE_VERSION='3.8.8'
PACKAGE_STRING='sqlite 3.8.8'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT=''

# Factoring default headers for most tests.
ac_includes_default="\
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
# include <sys/types.h>

#
# Report the --help message.
#
if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
  # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
  # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
  cat <<_ACEOF
\`configure' configures sqlite 3.8.8 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
_ACEOF
fi

if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
  case $ac_init_help in
     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of sqlite 3.8.8:";;
   esac
  cat <<\_ACEOF

Optional Features:
  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]

    cd "$ac_pwd" || { ac_status=$?; break; }
  done
fi

test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
  cat <<\_ACEOF
sqlite configure 3.8.8
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62

Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
_ACEOF
  exit
fi
cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.

It was created by sqlite $as_me 3.8.8, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62.  Invocation command line was

  $ $0 $@

_ACEOF
exec 5>>config.log
{

exec 6>&1

# Save the log message, to keep $[0] and so on meaningful, and to
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
This file was extended by sqlite $as_me 3.8.8, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62.  Invocation command line was

  CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
  CONFIG_HEADERS  = $CONFIG_HEADERS
  CONFIG_LINKS    = $CONFIG_LINKS
  CONFIG_COMMANDS = $CONFIG_COMMANDS
  $ $0 $@

$config_commands

Report bugs to <bug-autoconf@gnu.org>."

_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_version="\\
sqlite config.status 3.8.8
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62,
  with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\"

Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This config.status script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it."

.\"                                      Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
.TH SQLITE3 1 "Fri Oct 31 10:41:31 EDT 2014"
.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
.\"
.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
.\" .nh        disable hyphenation
.\" .hy        enable hyphenation
.\" .ad l      left justify
.\" .ad b      justify to both left and right margins

For example, to create a new database file named "mydata.db", create
a table named "memos" and insert a couple of records into that table:
.sp
$ 
.B sqlite3 mydata.db
.br
SQLite version 3.8.8
.br
Enter ".help" for instructions
.br
sqlite>
.B create table memos(text, priority INTEGER);
.br
sqlite>

A list of available meta-commands can be viewed at any time by issuing
the '.help' command.  For example:
.sp
sqlite>
.B .help
.nf
.tr %.
%backup ?DB? FILE      Backup DB (default "main") to FILE
%bail on|off           Stop after hitting an error.  Default OFF
%clone NEWDB           Clone data into NEWDB from the existing database
%databases             List names and files of attached databases
%dump ?TABLE? ...      Dump the database in an SQL text format
                         If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching
                         LIKE pattern TABLE.
%echo on|off           Turn command echo on or off
%eqp on|off            Enable or disable automatic EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
%exit                  Exit this program
%explain ?on|off?      Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off.
                         With no args, it turns EXPLAIN on.
%fullschema            Show schema and the content of sqlite_stat tables
%headers on|off        Turn display of headers on or off
%help                  Show this message
%import FILE TABLE     Import data from FILE into TABLE
%indices ?TABLE?       Show names of all indices
                         If TABLE specified, only show indices for tables
                         matching LIKE pattern TABLE.
%load FILE ?ENTRY?     Load an extension library
%log FILE|off          Turn logging on or off.  FILE can be stderr/stdout
%mode MODE ?TABLE?     Set output mode where MODE is one of:
                         csv      Comma-separated values
                         column   Left-aligned columns.  (See .width)
                         html     HTML <table> code
                         insert   SQL insert statements for TABLE
                         line     One value per line
                         list     Values delimited by .separator string
                         tabs     Tab-separated values
                         tcl      TCL list elements
%nullvalue STRING      Use STRING in place of NULL values
%once FILENAME         Output for the next SQL command only to FILENAME
%open ?FILENAME?       Close existing database and reopen FILENAME
%output ?FILENAME?     Send output to FILENAME or stdout

%print STRING...       Print literal STRING
%prompt MAIN CONTINUE  Replace the standard prompts
%quit                  Exit this program
%read FILENAME         Execute SQL in FILENAME
%restore ?DB? FILE     Restore content of DB (default "main") from FILE
%save FILE             Write in-memory database into FILE
%schema ?TABLE?        Show the CREATE statements
                         If TABLE specified, only show tables matching
                         LIKE pattern TABLE.
%separator STRING ?NL? Change separator used by output mode and .import
                         NL is the end-of-line mark for CSV
%shell CMD ARGS...     Run CMD ARGS... in a system shell
%show                  Show the current values for various settings
%stats on|off          Turn stats on or off
%system CMD ARGS...    Run CMD ARGS... in a system shell
%tables ?TABLE?        List names of tables
                         If TABLE specified, only list tables matching
                         LIKE pattern TABLE.
%timeout MS            Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds
%timer on|off          Turn SQL timer on or off
%trace FILE|off        Output each SQL statement as it is run
%vfsname ?AUX?         Print the name of the VFS stack
%width NUM1 NUM2 ...   Set column widths for "column" mode

                         Negative values right-justify
sqlite>

.sp
.fi
.SH OPTIONS
.B sqlite3
has the following options:
.TP
.B \-bail

read and processed.  It should generally only contain meta-commands.

o If the -init option is present, the specified file is processed.

o All other command line options are processed.

.SH SEE ALSO
http://www.sqlite.org/cli.html
.br
The sqlite3-doc package.
.SH AUTHOR
This manual page was originally written by Andreas Rottmann
<rotty@debian.org>, for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used
by others). It was subsequently revised by Bill Bumgarner <bbum@mac.com> and
further updated by Laszlo Boszormenyi <gcs@debian.hu> .

/*
** Search the free-list on page pPg for space to store a cell nByte bytes in
** size. If one can be found, return a pointer to the space and remove it
** from the free-list.
**
** If no suitable space can be found on the free-list, return NULL.
**
** This function may detect corruption within pPg.  If corruption is
** detected then *pRc is set to SQLITE_CORRUPT and NULL is returned.


**
** If a slot of at least nByte bytes is found but cannot be used because 
** there are already at least 60 fragmented bytes on the page, return NULL.
** In this case, if pbDefrag parameter is not NULL, set *pbDefrag to true.
*/
static u8 *pageFindSlot(MemPage *pPg, int nByte, int *pRc, int *pbDefrag){
  const int hdr = pPg->hdrOffset;
  u8 * const aData = pPg->aData;
  int iAddr;
  int pc;
  int usableSize = pPg->pBt->usableSize;

  for(iAddr=hdr+1; (pc = get2byte(&aData[iAddr]))>0; iAddr=pc){
    int size;            /* Size of the free slot */
    if( pc>usableSize-4 || pc<iAddr+4 ){
      *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      return 0;
    }
    size = get2byte(&aData[pc+2]);
    if( size>=nByte ){
      int x = size - nByte;
      testcase( x==4 );
      testcase( x==3 );
      if( x<4 ){
        if( aData[hdr+7]>=60 ){
          if( pbDefrag ) *pbDefrag = 1;
          return 0;
        }
        /* Remove the slot from the free-list. Update the number of
        ** fragmented bytes within the page. */
        memcpy(&aData[iAddr], &aData[pc], 2);
        aData[hdr+7] += (u8)x;
      }else if( size+pc > usableSize ){
        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }else{
        /* The slot remains on the free-list. Reduce its size to account
         ** for the portion used by the new allocation. */
        put2byte(&aData[pc+2], x);
      }
      return &aData[pc + x];

  
  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
  assert( pPage->pBt );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( nByte>=0 );  /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
  assert( pPage->nFree>=nByte );
  assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 );
  assert( nByte < (int)(pPage->pBt->usableSize-8) );

  assert( pPage->cellOffset == hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf );
  gap = pPage->cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
  assert( gap<=65536 );
  top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
  if( gap>top ){
    if( top==0 ){

  int i;
  u8 *aData = pPg->aData;
  u8 *pData = *ppData;
  const int bFreelist = aData[1] || aData[2];
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || pPg->hdrOffset==0 );    /* Never called on page 1 */
  for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
    int sz = szCell[i];
    int rc;
    u8 *pSlot;
    if( bFreelist==0 || (pSlot = pageFindSlot(pPg, sz, &rc, 0))==0 ){
      pData -= sz;
      if( pData<pBegin ) return 1;
      pSlot = pData;
    }
    memcpy(pSlot, apCell[i], sz);
    put2byte(pCellptr, (pSlot - aData));
    pCellptr += 2;

  int szScratch;               /* Size of scratch memory requested */
  MemPage *apOld[NB];          /* pPage and up to two siblings */
  MemPage *apNew[NB+2];        /* pPage and up to NB siblings after balancing */
  u8 *pRight;                  /* Location in parent of right-sibling pointer */
  u8 *apDiv[NB-1];             /* Divider cells in pParent */
  int cntNew[NB+2];            /* Index in aCell[] of cell after i-th page */
  int cntOld[NB+2];            /* Old index in aCell[] after i-th page */
  int szNew[NB+2];             /* Combined size of cells placed on i-th page */
  u8 **apCell = 0;             /* All cells begin balanced */
  u16 *szCell;                 /* Local size of all cells in apCell[] */
  u8 *aSpace1;                 /* Space for copies of dividers cells */
  Pgno pgno;                   /* Temp var to store a page number in */
  u8 abDone[NB+2];             /* True after i'th new page is populated */
  Pgno aPgno[NB+2];            /* Page numbers of new pages before shuffling */
  Pgno aPgOrder[NB+2];         /* Copy of aPgno[] used for sorting pages */
  u16 aPgFlags[NB+2];          /* flags field of new pages before shuffling */

  memset(abDone, 0, sizeof(abDone));
  pBt = pParent->pBt;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );

  /*
  ** Allocate space for memory structures
  */
  szScratch =
       nMaxCells*sizeof(u8*)                       /* apCell */
     + nMaxCells*sizeof(u16)                       /* szCell */
     + pBt->pageSize;                              /* aSpace1 */
  assert( szScratch<=16896 || szScratch<=6*pBt->pageSize );
  apCell = sqlite3ScratchMalloc( szScratch ); 
  if( apCell==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    goto balance_cleanup;
  }
  szCell = (u16*)&apCell[nMaxCells];
  aSpace1 = (u8*)&szCell[nMaxCells];

  }
  szNew[k] = subtotal;
  cntNew[k] = nCell;
  k++;

  /*
  ** The packing computed by the previous block is biased toward the siblings
  ** on the left side (siblings with smaller keys). The left siblings are
  ** always nearly full, while the right-most sibling might be nearly empty.
  ** The next block of code attempts to adjust the packing of siblings to
  ** get a better balance.
  **
  ** This adjustment is more than an optimization.  The packing above might
  ** be so out of balance as to be illegal.  For example, the right-most
  ** sibling might be completely empty.  This adjustment is not optional.
  */
  for(i=k-1; i>0; i--){
    int szRight = szNew[i];  /* Size of sibling on the right */

      r = cntNew[i-1] - 1;
      d = r + 1 - leafData;
    }
    szNew[i] = szRight;
    szNew[i-1] = szLeft;
  }

  /* Sanity check:  For a non-corrupt database file one of the follwing
  ** must be true:
  **    (1) We found one or more cells (cntNew[0])>0), or
  **    (2) pPage is a virtual root page.  A virtual root page is when
  **        the real root page is page 1 and we are the only child of
  **        that page.



  */

  assert( cntNew[0]>0 || (pParent->pgno==1 && pParent->nCell==0) || CORRUPT_DB);


  TRACE(("BALANCE: old: %d(nc=%d) %d(nc=%d) %d(nc=%d)\n",
    apOld[0]->pgno, apOld[0]->nCell,
    nOld>=2 ? apOld[1]->pgno : 0, nOld>=2 ? apOld[1]->nCell : 0,
    nOld>=3 ? apOld[2]->pgno : 0, nOld>=3 ? apOld[2]->nCell : 0
  ));

  /*

  ** An O(n^2) insertion sort algorithm is used, but since n is never more 
  ** than (NB+2) (a small constant), that should not be a problem.
  **
  ** When NB==3, this one optimization makes the database about 25% faster 
  ** for large insertions and deletions.
  */
  for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
    aPgOrder[i] = aPgno[i] = apNew[i]->pgno;
    aPgFlags[i] = apNew[i]->pDbPage->flags;
    for(j=0; j<i; j++){
      if( aPgno[j]==aPgno[i] ){
        /* This branch is taken if the set of sibling pages somehow contains
        ** duplicate entries. This can happen if the database is corrupt. 
        ** It would be simpler to detect this as part of the loop below, but
        ** we do the detection here in order to avoid populating the pager
        ** cache with two separate objects associated with the same
        ** page number.  */
        assert( CORRUPT_DB );
        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
        goto balance_cleanup;
      }
    }
  }
  for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
    int iBest = 0;                /* aPgno[] index of page number to use */
    Pgno pgno;                    /* Page number to use */
    for(j=1; j<nNew; j++){
      if( aPgOrder[j]<aPgOrder[iBest] ) iBest = j;
    }
    pgno = aPgOrder[iBest];
    aPgOrder[iBest] = 0xffffffff;
    if( iBest!=i ){
      if( iBest>i ){
        sqlite3PagerRekey(apNew[iBest]->pDbPage, pBt->nPage+iBest+1, 0);
      }
      sqlite3PagerRekey(apNew[i]->pDbPage, pgno, aPgFlags[iBest]);
      apNew[i]->pgno = pgno;
    }

      }
      if( i==cntNew[iNew] ){
        pNew = apNew[++iNew];
        if( !leafData ) continue;
      }

      /* Cell pCell is destined for new sibling page pNew. Originally, it
      ** was either part of sibling page iOld (possibly an overflow cell), 
      ** or else the divider cell to the left of sibling page iOld. So,
      ** if sibling page iOld had the same page number as pNew, and if
      ** pCell really was a part of sibling page iOld (not a divider or
      ** overflow cell), we can skip updating the pointer map entries.  */
      if( pNew->pgno!=aPgno[iOld] || pCell<aOld || pCell>=&aOld[usableSize] ){
        if( !leafCorrection ){
          ptrmapPut(pBt, get4byte(pCell), PTRMAP_BTREE, pNew->pgno, &rc);

    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
  }

  /* Now update the actual sibling pages. The order in which they are updated
  ** is important, as this code needs to avoid disrupting any page from which
  ** cells may still to be read. In practice, this means:
  **
  **  (1) If cells are moving left (from apNew[iPg] to apNew[iPg-1])
  **      then it is not safe to update page apNew[iPg] until after
  **      the left-hand sibling apNew[iPg-1] has been updated.
  **
  **  (2) If cells are moving right (from apNew[iPg] to apNew[iPg+1])
  **      then it is not safe to update page apNew[iPg] until after
  **      the right-hand sibling apNew[iPg+1] has been updated.
  **
  ** If neither of the above apply, the page is safe to update.
  **
  ** The iPg value in the following loop starts at nNew-1 goes down
  ** to 0, then back up to nNew-1 again, thus making two passes over
  ** the pages.  On the initial downward pass, only condition (1) above
  ** needs to be tested because (2) will always be true from the previous
  ** step.  On the upward pass, both conditions are always true, so the
  ** upwards pass simply processes pages that were missed on the downward
  ** pass.
  */
  for(i=1-nNew; i<nNew; i++){
    int iPg = i<0 ? -i : i;
    assert( iPg>=0 && iPg<nNew );
    if( abDone[iPg] ) continue;         /* Skip pages already processed */
    if( i>=0                            /* On the upwards pass, or... */
     || cntOld[iPg-1]>=cntNew[iPg-1]    /* Condition (1) is true */

    ){
      int iNew;
      int iOld;
      int nNewCell;

      /* Verify condition (1):  If cells are moving left, update iPg
      ** only after iPg-1 has already been updated. */
      assert( iPg==0 || cntOld[iPg-1]>=cntNew[iPg-1] || abDone[iPg-1] );

      /* Verify condition (2):  If cells are moving right, update iPg
      ** only after iPg+1 has already been updated. */
      assert( cntNew[iPg]>=cntOld[iPg] || abDone[iPg+1] );

      if( iPg==0 ){
        iNew = iOld = 0;
        nNewCell = cntNew[0];
      }else{
        iOld = iPg<nOld ? (cntOld[iPg-1] + !leafData) : nCell;
        iNew = cntNew[iPg-1] + !leafData;
        nNewCell = cntNew[iPg] - iNew;
      }

      editPage(apNew[iPg], iOld, iNew, nNewCell, apCell, szCell);
      abDone[iPg]++;
      apNew[iPg]->nFree = usableSpace-szNew[iPg];
      assert( apNew[iPg]->nOverflow==0 );
      assert( apNew[iPg]->nCell==nNewCell );
    }
  }

  /* All pages have been processed exactly once */
  assert( memcmp(abDone, "\01\01\01\01\01", nNew)==0 );

  assert( nOld>0 );
  assert( nNew>0 );

  if( isRoot && pParent->nCell==0 && pParent->hdrOffset<=apNew[0]->nFree ){
    /* The root page of the b-tree now contains no cells. The only sibling
    ** page is the right-child of the parent. Copy the contents of the
    ** child page into the parent, decreasing the overall height of the
    ** b-tree structure by one. This is described as the "balance-shallower"
    ** sub-algorithm in some documentation.
    **
    ** If this is an auto-vacuum database, the call to copyNodeContent() 
    ** sets all pointer-map entries corresponding to database image pages 
    ** for which the pointer is stored within the content being copied.
    **
    ** It is critical that the child page be defragmented before being

    ** copied into the parent, because if the parent is page 1 then it will
    ** by smaller than the child due to the database header, and so all the
    ** free space needs to be up front.
    */
    assert( nNew==1 );
    rc = defragmentPage(apNew[0]);
    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
    assert( apNew[0]->nFree == 
        (get2byte(&apNew[0]->aData[5])-apNew[0]->cellOffset-apNew[0]->nCell*2)
      || rc!=SQLITE_OK
    );
    copyNodeContent(apNew[0], pParent, &rc);
    freePage(apNew[0], &rc);

  }else if( ISAUTOVACUUM && !leafCorrection ){
    /* Fix the pointer map entries associated with the right-child of each
    ** sibling page. All other pointer map entries have already been taken
    ** care of.  */
    for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
      u32 key = get4byte(&apNew[i]->aData[8]);
      ptrmapPut(pBt, key, PTRMAP_BTREE, apNew[i]->pgno, &rc);

**
** The name can optionally begin with "SQLITE_" but the "SQLITE_" prefix
** is not required for a match.
*/
int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
  int i, n;

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
  if( zOptName==0 ){
    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
    return 0;
  }
#endif
  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
  n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);

    ** where-clause loop above.
    */
    if( okOnePass ){
      /* Just one row.  Hence the top-of-loop is a no-op */
      assert( nKey==nPk );  /* OP_Found will use an unpacked key */
      assert( !IsVirtual(pTab) );
      if( aToOpen[iDataCur-iTabCur] ){
        assert( pPk!=0 || pTab->pSelect!=0 );
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iDataCur, addrBypass, iKey, nKey);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
    }else if( pPk ){
      addrLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iEphCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowKey, iEphCur, iKey);
      assert( nKey==0 );  /* OP_Found will use a composite key */

/*
** Retrieve a pointer to a static mutex or allocate a new dynamic one.
*/
sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int id){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  if( id<=SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE && sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
  if( id>SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE && sqlite3MutexInit() ) return 0;
#endif
  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc(id);
}

sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int id){
  if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
    return 0;

  u8 useIntern;              /* Ok to use internal conversions (ex: %T) */
  char prefix;               /* Prefix character.  "+" or "-" or " " or '\0'. */
  sqlite_uint64 longvalue;   /* Value for integer types */
  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE realvalue; /* Value for real types */
  const et_info *infop;      /* Pointer to the appropriate info structure */
  char *zOut;                /* Rendering buffer */
  int nOut;                  /* Size of the rendering buffer */
  char *zExtra = 0;          /* Malloced memory used by some conversion */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  int  exp, e2;              /* exponent of real numbers */
  int nsd;                   /* Number of significant digits returned */
  double rounder;            /* Used for rounding floating point values */
  etByte flag_dp;            /* True if decimal point should be shown */
  etByte flag_rtz;           /* True if trailing zeros should be removed */
#endif

          xtype = infop->type;
        }else{
          return;
        }
        break;
      }
    }


    /*
    ** At this point, variables are initialized as follows:
    **
    **   flag_alternateform          TRUE if a '#' is present.
    **   flag_altform2               TRUE if a '!' is present.
    **   flag_plussign               TRUE if a '+' is present.

      case etCHARX:
        if( bArgList ){
          bufpt = getTextArg(pArgList);
          c = bufpt ? bufpt[0] : 0;
        }else{
          c = va_arg(ap,int);
        }

        if( precision>1 ){

          width -= precision-1;

          if( width>1 && !flag_leftjustify ){
            sqlite3AppendChar(pAccum, width-1, ' ');
            width = 0;
          }
          sqlite3AppendChar(pAccum, precision-1, c);
        }
        length = 1;
        buf[0] = c;
        bufpt = buf;
        break;
      case etSTRING:
      case etDYNSTRING:
        if( bArgList ){
          bufpt = getTextArg(pArgList);
        }else{

    }/* End switch over the format type */
    /*
    ** The text of the conversion is pointed to by "bufpt" and is
    ** "length" characters long.  The field width is "width".  Do
    ** the output.
    */
    width -= length;
    if( width>0 && !flag_leftjustify ) sqlite3AppendChar(pAccum, width, ' ');
    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, bufpt, length);
    if( width>0 && flag_leftjustify ) sqlite3AppendChar(pAccum, width, ' ');

    if( zExtra ){
      sqlite3_free(zExtra);
      zExtra = 0;
    }
  }/* End for loop over the format string */
} /* End of function */

/*
** Enlarge the memory allocation on a StrAccum object so that it is
** able to accept at least N more bytes of text.
**

      return 0;
    }
  }
  return N;
}

/*
** Append N copies of character c to the given string buffer.
*/
void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum *p, int N, char c){
  if( p->nChar+N >= p->nAlloc && (N = sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(p, N))<=0 ) return;
  while( (N--)>0 ) p->zText[p->nChar++] = c;
}

/*
** The StrAccum "p" is not large enough to accept N new bytes of z[].
** So enlarge if first, then do the append.
**
** This is a helper routine to sqlite3StrAccumAppend() that does special-case

/*
** Return N random bytes.
*/
void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *pBuf){
  unsigned char t;
  unsigned char *zBuf = pBuf;





  /* The "wsdPrng" macro will resolve to the pseudo-random number generator
  ** state vector.  If writable static data is unsupported on the target,
  ** we have to locate the state vector at run-time.  In the more common
  ** case where writable static data is supported, wsdPrng can refer directly
  ** to the "sqlite3Prng" state vector declared above.
  */
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
  struct sqlite3PrngType *p = &GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3Prng);
# define wsdPrng p[0]
#else
# define wsdPrng sqlite3Prng
#endif

#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return;
#endif

#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG);
#endif

  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
  if( N<=0 || pBuf==0 ){
    wsdPrng.isInit = 0;
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
    return;
  }

  /* Initialize the state of the random number generator once,

** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
** argument must be a multiple of 16.
** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
** ^SQLite will not use more than two scratch buffers per thread and not
** more than one scratch buffer per thread when not performing
** a [checkpoint] in [WAL mode].
** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
** times the database page size, except when performing a [checkpoint]
** in [WAL mode] when the scratch buffer request size is a small fraction
** of the size of the WAL file.
** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then 
** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.  
** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page

** last insert [rowid].
*/
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
**
** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
** returned by this function.
**
** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers], 
** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.


** 
** Changes to a view that are intercepted by 
** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value 
** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or 
** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real 
** tables are counted.
**




** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
** 







** <ul>
**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program 

**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
** 

**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE 
**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes() 
**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include 
**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes() 
**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
** </ul>
** 
** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it 
** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger 
** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the 

** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.


**
** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
**
** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
*/
int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
**
** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().

** 
** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the


** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers 
** are not counted.



** 
** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
**
** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
*/

** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
**
** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
**
** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
** method.
*/
void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks

);
int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);

void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, char*, int, int);
void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
void sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(StrAccum*,const char*);
void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum*,int,char);
char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);

void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);

    }
    sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenWrite, iBaseCur, aToOpen,
                               0, 0);
  }

  /* Top of the update loop */
  if( okOnePass ){
    if( aToOpen[iDataCur-iBaseCur] && !isView ){
      assert( pPk );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iDataCur, labelBreak, regKey, nKey);
      VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
    }
    labelContinue = labelBreak;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, pPk ? regKey : regOldRowid, labelBreak);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, pPk==0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, pPk!=0);

    ** still not up to p2, that means that the record has fewer than p2
    ** columns.  So the result will be either the default value or a NULL.
    */
    if( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 ){
      if( pOp->p4type==P4_MEM ){
        sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pDest, pOp->p4.pMem, MEM_Static);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
      }
      goto op_column_out;
    }
  }

  /* Extract the content for the p2+1-th column.  Control can only
  ** reach this point if aOffset[p2], aOffset[p2+1], and pC->aType[p2] are

    assert( pc==pFrame->pc );
  }

  p->nFrame++;
  pFrame->pParent = p->pFrame;
  pFrame->lastRowid = lastRowid;
  pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
  pFrame->nDbChange = p->db->nChange;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;

  int nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
  int pc;                 /* Program Counter in parent (calling) frame */
  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */
  int nOnceFlag;          /* Number of entries in aOnceFlag */
  int nChildMem;          /* Number of memory cells for child frame */
  int nChildCsr;          /* Number of cursors for child frame */
  int nChange;            /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChange)     */
  int nDbChange;          /* Value of db->nChange */
};

#define VdbeFrameMem(p) ((Mem *)&((u8 *)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))])

/*
** A value for VdbeCursor.cacheValid that means the cache is always invalid.
*/

  v->nOp = pFrame->nOp;
  v->aMem = pFrame->aMem;
  v->nMem = pFrame->nMem;
  v->apCsr = pFrame->apCsr;
  v->nCursor = pFrame->nCursor;
  v->db->lastRowid = pFrame->lastRowid;
  v->nChange = pFrame->nChange;
  v->db->nChange = pFrame->nDbChange;
  return pFrame->pc;
}

/*
** Close all cursors.
**
** Also release any dynamic memory held by the VM in the Vdbe.aMem memory 

        }else{
          /* We are forced to roll back the active transaction. Before doing
          ** so, abort any other statements this handle currently has active.
          */
          sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK);
          sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
          db->autoCommit = 1;
          p->nChange = 0;
        }
      }
    }

    /* Check for immediate foreign key violations. */
    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 0);

        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY && p->readOnly ){
          sqlite3VdbeLeave(p);
          return SQLITE_BUSY;
        }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          p->rc = rc;
          sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_OK);
          p->nChange = 0;
        }else{
          db->nDeferredCons = 0;
          db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
          db->flags &= ~SQLITE_DeferFKs;
          sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(db);
        }
      }else{
        sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_OK);
        p->nChange = 0;
      }
      db->nStatement = 0;
    }else if( eStatementOp==0 ){
      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->errorAction==OE_Fail ){
        eStatementOp = SAVEPOINT_RELEASE;
      }else if( p->errorAction==OE_Abort ){
        eStatementOp = SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK;
      }else{
        sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK);
        sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
        db->autoCommit = 1;
        p->nChange = 0;
      }
    }
  
    /* If eStatementOp is non-zero, then a statement transaction needs to
    ** be committed or rolled back. Call sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement() to
    ** do so. If this operation returns an error, and the current statement
    ** error code is SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then promote the
    ** current statement error code.
    */
    if( eStatementOp ){
      rc = sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(p, eStatementOp);
      if( rc ){
        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
          p->rc = rc;
          sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
          p->zErrMsg = 0;
        }
        sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK);
        sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
        db->autoCommit = 1;
        p->nChange = 0;
      }
    }
  
    /* If this was an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE and no statement transaction
    ** has been rolled back, update the database connection change-counter. 
    */
    if( p->changeCntOn ){

  ** columns that are needed by the query.  With a covering index, the
  ** original table never needs to be accessed.  Automatic indices must
  ** be a covering index because the index will not be updated if the
  ** original table changes and the index and table cannot both be used
  ** if they go out of sync.
  */
  extraCols = pSrc->colUsed & (~idxCols | MASKBIT(BMS-1));
  mxBitCol = MIN(BMS-1,pTable->nCol);
  testcase( pTable->nCol==BMS-1 );
  testcase( pTable->nCol==BMS-2 );
  for(i=0; i<mxBitCol; i++){
    if( extraCols & MASKBIT(i) ) nKeyCol++;
  }
  if( pSrc->colUsed & MASKBIT(BMS-1) ){
    nKeyCol += pTable->nCol - BMS + 1;
  }


  /* Construct the Index object to describe this index */
  pIdx = sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(pParse->db, nKeyCol+1, 0, &zNotUsed);
  if( pIdx==0 ) goto end_auto_index_create;
  pLoop->u.btree.pIndex = pIdx;
  pIdx->zName = "auto-index";
  pIdx->pTable = pTable;

# 2011 October 28
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix e_changes

# Like [do_execsql_test], except it appends the value returned by 
# [db changes] to the result of executing the SQL script.
#
proc do_changes_test {tn sql res} {
  uplevel [list \
    do_test $tn "concat \[execsql {$sql}\] \[db changes\]" $res
  ]
}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-15996-49369 This function returns the number of rows
# modified, inserted or deleted by the most recently completed INSERT,
# UPDATE or DELETE statement on the database connection specified by the
# only parameter.
#
do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(x, y, PRIMARY KEY(x, y)) WITHOUT ROWID;
  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t2(y);
}
foreach {tn schema} {
  1 { 
      CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
      CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(b);
  }
  2 { 
      CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a, b)) WITHOUT ROWID;
      CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(b);
  }
} {
  reset_db
  execsql $schema

  # Insert 1 row.
  do_changes_test 1.$tn.1 { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0, 0) } 1

  # Insert 10 rows.
  do_changes_test 1.$tn.2 {
    WITH rows(i, j) AS (
        SELECT 1, 1 UNION ALL SELECT i+1, j+i FROM rows WHERE i<10
    )
    INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM rows
  } 10

  # Modify 5 rows.
  do_changes_test 1.$tn.3 {
    UPDATE t1 SET b=b+1 WHERE a<5;
  } 5

  # Delete 4 rows
  do_changes_test 1.$tn.4 {
    DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a>6
  } 4

  # Check the "on the database connecton specified" part of hte
  # requirement - changes made by other connections do not show up in
  # the return value of sqlite3_changes().
  do_test 1.$tn.5 {
    sqlite3 db2 test.db
    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(-1, -1) } db2
    db2 changes
  } 1
  do_test 1.$tn.6 {
    db changes
  } 4
  db2 close

  # Test that statements that modify no rows because they hit UNIQUE
  # constraints set the sqlite3_changes() value to 0. Regardless of
  # whether or not they are executed inside an explicit transaction.
  #
  #   1.$tn.8-9: outside of a transaction
  #   1.$tn.10-12: inside a transaction
  #
  do_changes_test 1.$tn.7 {
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i2 ON t1(a);
  } 4
  do_catchsql_test 1.$tn.8 {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('a', 0), ('b', 0), ('c', 0), (0, 11);
  } {1 {UNIQUE constraint failed: t1.a}}
  do_test 1.$tn.9 { db changes } 0
  do_catchsql_test 1.$tn.10 {
    BEGIN;
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('a', 0), ('b', 0), ('c', 0), (0, 11);
  } {1 {UNIQUE constraint failed: t1.a}}
  do_test 1.$tn.11 { db changes } 0
  do_changes_test 1.$tn.12 COMMIT 0

}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44877-05564 Executing any other type of SQL statement
# does not modify the value returned by this function.
#
reset_db
do_changes_test 2.1 { CREATE TABLE t1(x)          } 0
do_changes_test 2.2 { 
  WITH d(y) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT y+1 FROM d WHERE y<47)
  INSERT INTO t1 SELECT y FROM d;
} 47

# The statement above set changes() to 47. Check that none of the following
# modify this.
do_changes_test 2.3 { SELECT count(x) FROM t1 } {47 47}
do_changes_test 2.4 { DROP TABLE t1               } 47
do_changes_test 2.5 { CREATE TABLE t1(x)          } 47
do_changes_test 2.6 { ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN b } 47


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-53938-27527 Only changes made directly by the INSERT,
# UPDATE or DELETE statement are considered - auxiliary changes caused
# by triggers, foreign key actions or REPLACE constraint resolution are
# not counted.
#
#   3.1.*: triggers
#   3.2.*: foreign key actions
#   3.3.*: replace constraints
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 3.1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE log(x);
  CREATE TABLE p1(one PRIMARY KEY, two);

  CREATE TRIGGER tr_ai AFTER INSERT ON p1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('insert');
  END;
  CREATE TRIGGER tr_bd BEFORE DELETE ON p1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('delete');
  END;
  CREATE TRIGGER tr_au AFTER UPDATE ON p1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('update');
  END;

}

do_changes_test 3.1.1 {
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES('a', 'A'), ('b', 'B'), ('c', 'C');
} 3
do_changes_test 3.1.2 {
  UPDATE p1 SET two = two||two;
} 3
do_changes_test 3.1.3 {
  DELETE FROM p1 WHERE one IN ('a', 'c');
} 2
do_execsql_test 3.1.4 {
  -- None of the inserts on table log were counted.
  SELECT count(*) FROM log
} 8

do_execsql_test 3.2.0 {
  DELETE FROM p1;
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES('a', 'A'), ('b', 'B'), ('c', 'C');

  CREATE TABLE c1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON DELETE SET NULL);
  CREATE TABLE c2(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON DELETE SET DEFAULT);
  CREATE TABLE c3(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON DELETE CASCADE);
  INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('a', 'aaa');
  INSERT INTO c2 VALUES('b', 'bbb');
  INSERT INTO c3 VALUES('c', 'ccc');

  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES('d', 'D'), ('e', 'E'), ('f', 'F');
  CREATE TABLE c4(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON UPDATE SET NULL);
  CREATE TABLE c5(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT);
  CREATE TABLE c6(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON UPDATE CASCADE);
  INSERT INTO c4 VALUES('d', 'aaa');
  INSERT INTO c5 VALUES('e', 'bbb');
  INSERT INTO c6 VALUES('f', 'ccc');

  PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
}

do_changes_test 3.2.1 { DELETE FROM p1 WHERE one = 'a' } 1
do_changes_test 3.2.2 { DELETE FROM p1 WHERE one = 'b' } 1
do_changes_test 3.2.3 { DELETE FROM p1 WHERE one = 'c' } 1
do_execsql_test 3.2.4 { 
  SELECT * FROM c1;
  SELECT * FROM c2;
  SELECT * FROM c3;
} {{} aaa {} bbb}

do_changes_test 3.2.5 { UPDATE p1 SET one = 'g' WHERE one = 'd' } 1
do_changes_test 3.2.6 { UPDATE p1 SET one = 'h' WHERE one = 'e' } 1
do_changes_test 3.2.7 { UPDATE p1 SET one = 'i' WHERE one = 'f' } 1
do_execsql_test 3.2.8 { 
  SELECT * FROM c4;
  SELECT * FROM c5;
  SELECT * FROM c6;
} {{} aaa {} bbb i ccc}

do_execsql_test 3.3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE r1(a UNIQUE, b UNIQUE);
  INSERT INTO r1 VALUES('i', 'i');
  INSERT INTO r1 VALUES('ii', 'ii');
  INSERT INTO r1 VALUES('iii', 'iii');
  INSERT INTO r1 VALUES('iv', 'iv');
  INSERT INTO r1 VALUES('v', 'v');
  INSERT INTO r1 VALUES('vi', 'vi');
  INSERT INTO r1 VALUES('vii', 'vii');
}

do_changes_test 3.3.1 { INSERT OR REPLACE INTO r1 VALUES('i', 1)    }   1
do_changes_test 3.3.2 { INSERT OR REPLACE INTO r1 VALUES('iv', 'v') }   1
do_changes_test 3.3.3 { UPDATE OR REPLACE r1 SET b='v' WHERE a='iii' }  1
do_changes_test 3.3.4 { UPDATE OR REPLACE r1 SET b='vi',a='vii' WHERE a='ii' } 1
do_execsql_test 3.3.5 { 
  SELECT * FROM r1 ORDER BY a;
} {i 1   iii v   vii vi}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-09813-48563 The value returned by sqlite3_changes()
# immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement run on a view
# is always zero.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE log(log);
  CREATE TABLE t1(x, y);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 4);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(5, 6);

  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1;
  CREATE TRIGGER v1_i INSTEAD OF INSERT ON v1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('insert');
  END;
  CREATE TRIGGER v1_u INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON v1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('update'), ('update');
  END;
  CREATE TRIGGER v1_d INSTEAD OF DELETE ON v1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('delete'), ('delete'), ('delete');
  END;
}

do_changes_test 4.2.1 { INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t1 }  3
do_changes_test 4.2.2 { INSERT INTO v1 VALUES(1, 2) }      0

do_changes_test 4.3.1 { INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t1 }  6
do_changes_test 4.3.2 { UPDATE v1 SET y='xyz' WHERE x=1 }  0

do_changes_test 4.4.1 { INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t1 } 12
do_changes_test 4.4.2 { DELETE FROM v1 WHERE x=5 }         0


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-32918-61474 Before entering a trigger program the value
# returned by sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger
# program has finished, the original value is restored.
#
reset_db
db func my_changes my_changes
set ::changes [list]
proc my_changes {x} {
  set res [db changes]
  lappend ::changes $x $res
  return $res
}

do_execsql_test 5.1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, NULL);
  CREATE TRIGGER AFTER UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('a'), ('b'), ('c');
    SELECT my_changes('trigger');
  END;
}

do_execsql_test 5.1.1 {
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('a'), ('b');
  UPDATE t1 SET b = my_changes('update');
  SELECT * FROM t1;
} {1 2 2 2 3 2}

# Value is being restored to "2" when the trigger program exits.
do_test 5.1.2 {
  set ::changes
} {update 2 trigger 3 update 2 trigger 3 update 2 trigger 3}


reset_db
do_execsql_test 5.2.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE log(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 0);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 0);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 0);
  CREATE TRIGGER t1_a_u AFTER UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES(old.b || ' -> ' || new.b || ' c = ' || changes() );
  END;
  CREATE TABLE t2(a);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1), (2), (3);
  UPDATE t1 SET b = changes();
}
do_execsql_test 5.2.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1;
} {1 3 2 3 3 3}
do_execsql_test 5.2.2 {
  SELECT * FROM log;
} {{0 -> 3 c = 3} {0 -> 3 c = 3} {0 -> 3 c = 3}}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-17146-37073 Within a trigger program each INSERT,
# UPDATE and DELETE statement sets the value returned by
# sqlite3_changes() upon completion as normal. Of course, this value
# will not include any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the
# sqlite3_changes() value will be saved and restored after each
# sub-trigger has run.
reset_db
do_execsql_test 6.0 {

  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t3(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE log(x);

  CREATE TRIGGER t1_i BEFORE INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(new.a, new.b), (new.a, new.b);
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('t2->' || changes());
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER t2_i AFTER INSERT ON t2 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(new.a, new.b), (new.a, new.b), (new.a, new.b);
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('t3->' || changes());
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER t1_u AFTER UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN
    UPDATE t2 SET b=new.b WHERE a=old.a;
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('t2->' || changes());
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER t2_u BEFORE UPDATE ON t2 BEGIN
    UPDATE t3 SET b=new.b WHERE a=old.a;
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('t3->' || changes());
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER t1_d AFTER DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
    DELETE FROM t2 WHERE a=old.a AND b=old.b;
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('t2->' || changes());
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER t2_d BEFORE DELETE ON t2 BEGIN
    DELETE FROM t3 WHERE a=old.a AND b=old.b;
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('t3->' || changes());
  END;
}

do_changes_test 6.1 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('+', 'o');
  SELECT * FROM log;
} {t3->3 t3->3 t2->2 1}

do_changes_test 6.2 {
  DELETE FROM log;
  UPDATE t1 SET b='*';
  SELECT * FROM log;
} {t3->6 t3->6 t2->2 1}

do_changes_test 6.3 {
  DELETE FROM log;
  DELETE FROM t1;
  SELECT * FROM log;
} {t3->6 t3->0 t2->2 1}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-43399-09409 This means that if the changes() SQL
# function (or similar) is used by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
# statement within a trigger, it returns the value as set when the
# calling statement began executing.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-53215-27584 If it is used by the second or subsequent
# such statement within a trigger program, the value returned reflects
# the number of rows modified by the previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
# statement within the same trigger.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 7.1 {
  CREATE TABLE q1(t);
  CREATE TABLE q2(u, v);
  CREATE TABLE q3(w);

  CREATE TRIGGER q2_insert BEFORE INSERT ON q2 BEGIN

    /* changes() returns value from previous I/U/D in callers context */
    INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('1:' || changes());

    /* changes() returns value of previous I/U/D in this context */
    INSERT INTO q3 VALUES(changes()), (2), (3);
    INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('2:' || changes());
    INSERT INTO q3 VALUES(changes() + 3), (changes()+4);
    SELECT 'this does not affect things!';
    INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('3:' || changes());
    UPDATE q3 SET w = w+10 WHERE w%2;
    INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('4:' || changes());
    DELETE FROM q3;
    INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('5:' || changes());
  END;
}

do_execsql_test 7.2 {
  INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('x', 'y');
  SELECT * FROM q1;
} {
  1:0   2:3   3:2   4:3   5:5
}

do_execsql_test 7.3 {
  DELETE FROM q1;
  INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('x', 'y');
  SELECT * FROM q1;
} {
  1:5   2:3   3:2   4:3   5:5
}



finish_test

# 2011 May 06
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix e_totalchanges

# Like [do_execsql_test], except it appends the value returned by 
# [db total_changes] to the result of executing the SQL script.
#
proc do_tc_test {tn sql res} {
  uplevel [list \
    do_test $tn "concat \[execsql {$sql}\] \[db total_changes\]" $res
  ]
}

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE INDEX t1_b ON t1(b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(x, y, PRIMARY KEY(x, y)) WITHOUT ROWID;
  CREATE INDEX t2_y ON t2(y);
}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-65438-26258 This function returns the total number of
# rows inserted, modified or deleted by all INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
# statements completed since the database connection was opened,
# including those executed as part of trigger programs.
#
#   1.1.*: different types of I/U/D statements,
#   1.2.*: trigger programs.
#
do_tc_test 1.1.1 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 4);
  UPDATE t1 SET a = a+1;
  DELETE FROM t1;
} {6}
do_tc_test 1.1.2 {
  DELETE FROM t1
} {6}

do_tc_test 1.1.3 {
  WITH data(a,b) AS (
      SELECT 0, 0 UNION ALL SELECT a+1, b+1 FROM data WHERE a<99
  )
  INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM data;
} {106}

do_tc_test 1.1.4 {
  INSERT INTO t2 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a<50;
  UPDATE t2 SET y=y+1;
} {206}

do_tc_test 1.1.5 {
  DELETE FROM t2 WHERE y<=25
} {231}

do_execsql_test 1.2.1 {
  DELETE FROM t1;
  DELETE FROM t2;
}
sqlite3 db test.db     ; # To reset total_changes
do_tc_test 1.2.2 {
  CREATE TABLE log(detail);
  CREATE TRIGGER t1_after_insert AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN 
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('inserted into t1');
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER t1_before_delete BEFORE DELETE ON t1 BEGIN 
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('deleting from t1');
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('here we go!');
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER t1_after_update AFTER UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN 
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('update');
    DELETE FROM log;
  END;

  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('a', 'b');   -- 1 + 1
  UPDATE t1 SET b='c';               -- 1 + 1 + 2
  DELETE FROM t1;                    -- 1 + 1 + 1
} {9}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-61766-15253 Executing any other type of SQL statement
# does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
do_tc_test 2.1 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2), (3, 4);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 2), (3, 4);
} {15}
do_tc_test 2.2 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1;
} {2 15}
do_tc_test 2.3 {
  CREATE TABLE t4(a, b);
  ALTER TABLE t4 ADD COLUMN c;
  CREATE INDEX i4 ON t4(c);
  ALTER TABLE t4 RENAME TO t5;
  ANALYZE;
  BEGIN;
  DROP TABLE t2;
  ROLLBACK;
  VACUUM;
} {15}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-36043-10590 Changes made as part of foreign key
# actions are included in the count, but those made as part of REPLACE
# constraint resolution are not.
#
#   3.1.*: foreign key actions
#   3.2.*: REPLACE constraints.
#
sqlite3 db test.db     ; # To reset total_changes
do_tc_test 3.1.1 {
  CREATE TABLE p1(c PRIMARY KEY, d);
  CREATE TABLE c1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON DELETE SET NULL);
  CREATE TABLE c2(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON DELETE CASCADE);
  CREATE TABLE c3(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON DELETE SET DEFAULT);

  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(1, 'one');
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(2, 'two');
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(3, 'three');
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(4, 'four');

  INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(1, 'i');
  INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(2, 'ii');
  INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(3, 'iii');
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
} {7}

do_tc_test 3.1.2 { DELETE FROM p1 WHERE c=1; } {9}
do_tc_test 3.1.3 { DELETE FROM p1 WHERE c=2; } {11}
do_tc_test 3.1.4 { DELETE FROM p1 WHERE c=3; } {13}
do_tc_test 3.1.5 { DELETE FROM p1 WHERE c=4; } {14}  ; # only 1 this time.

sqlite3 db test.db     ; # To reset total_changes
do_tc_test 3.1.6 {
  DROP TABLE c1;
  DROP TABLE c2;
  DROP TABLE c3;
  CREATE TABLE c1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON UPDATE SET NULL);
  CREATE TABLE c2(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON UPDATE CASCADE);
  CREATE TABLE c3(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES p1 ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT);

  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(1, 'one');
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(2, 'two');
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(3, 'three');
  INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(4, 'four');

  INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(1, 'i');
  INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(2, 'ii');
  INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(3, 'iii');
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
} {7}

do_tc_test 3.1.7  { UPDATE p1 SET c=c+4 WHERE c=1; } {9}
do_tc_test 3.1.8  { UPDATE p1 SET c=c+4 WHERE c=2; } {11}
do_tc_test 3.1.9  { UPDATE p1 SET c=c+4 WHERE c=3; } {13}
do_tc_test 3.1.10 { UPDATE p1 SET c=c+4 WHERE c=4; } {14}  ; # only 1 this time.

sqlite3 db test.db     ; # To reset total_changes
do_tc_test 3.2.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t3(a UNIQUE, b UNIQUE);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('one', 'one');
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('two', 'two');
  INSERT OR REPLACE INTO t3 VALUES('one', 'two');
} {3}

do_tc_test 3.2.2 {
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('three', 'one');
  UPDATE OR REPLACE t3 SET b='two' WHERE b='one';
  SELECT * FROM t3;
} {three two 5}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-54872-08741 Changes to a view that are intercepted by
# INSTEAD OF triggers are not counted.
#
sqlite3 db test.db     ; # To reset total_changes
do_tc_test 4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t6(x);
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t6;
  CREATE TRIGGER v1_tr1 INSTEAD OF INSERT ON v1 BEGIN
    SELECT 'no-op';
  END;

  INSERT INTO v1 VALUES('a');
  INSERT INTO v1 VALUES('b');
} {0}
do_tc_test 4.2 {
  CREATE TRIGGER v1_tr2 INSTEAD OF INSERT ON v1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(new.x);
  END;

  INSERT INTO v1 VALUES('c');
  INSERT INTO v1 VALUES('d');
} {2}


finish_test

# argument list, missing arguments are assumed to have a NULL value,
# which is translated into 0 or 0.0 for numeric formats or an empty
# string for %s.
#
do_execsql_test printf2-2.3 {
  SELECT printf('%s=(%d/%g/%s)',a) FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
} {-1=(0/0/) 1=(0/0/) 1.5=(0/0/) abc=(0/0/)}

# The precision of the %c conversion causes the character to repeat.
#
do_execsql_test printf2-3.1 {
  SELECT printf('|%110.100c|','*');
} {{|          ****************************************************************************************************|}}
do_execsql_test printf2-3.2 {
  SELECT printf('|%-110.100c|','*');
} {{|****************************************************************************************************          |}}
do_execsql_test printf2-3.3 {
  SELECT printf('|%9.8c|%-9.8c|','*','*');
} {{| ********|******** |}}
do_execsql_test printf2-3.4 {
  SELECT printf('|%8.8c|%-8.8c|','*','*');
} {|********|********|}
do_execsql_test printf2-3.5 {
  SELECT printf('|%7.8c|%-7.8c|','*','*');
} {|********|********|}




finish_test

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}
set ::testprefix trigger9

proc has_rowdata {sql} {
  expr {[lsearch [execsql "explain $sql"] RowData]>=0}
}

do_test trigger9-1.1 {
  execsql {

        END;
        UPDATE v1 SET b = 'hello';
        SELECT * FROM t2;
      ROLLBACK;
    }
  } {2}
}

reset_db
do_execsql_test 4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE log(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 4);
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT a, b FROM t1;

  CREATE TRIGGER tr1 INSTEAD OF DELETE ON v1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('delete');
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER tr2 INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON v1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('update');
  END;

  CREATE TRIGGER tr3 INSTEAD OF INSERT ON v1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES('insert');
  END;
}

do_execsql_test 4.2 {
  DELETE FROM v1 WHERE rowid=1;
} {}

do_execsql_test 4.3 {
  UPDATE v1 SET a=b WHERE rowid=2;
} {}




finish_test

  catchsql {
    UPDATE t4 SET a=1;
  }
} {1 {no such column: nosuchcol}}

} ;# ifcapable {trigger}

# Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/tktview/43107840f1c02] on 2014-10-29
# An assertion fault on UPDATE
#
do_execsql_test update-15.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t15(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
  INSERT INTO t15(a,b) VALUES(10,'abc'),(20,'def'),(30,'ghi');
  ALTER TABLE t15 ADD COLUMN c;
  CREATE INDEX t15c ON t15(c);
  INSERT INTO t15(a,b)
   VALUES(5,'zyx'),(15,'wvu'),(25,'tsr'),(35,'qpo');
  UPDATE t15 SET c=printf("y%d",a) WHERE c IS NULL;
  SELECT a,b,c,'|' FROM t15 ORDER BY a;
} {5 zyx y5 | 10 abc y10 | 15 wvu y15 | 20 def y20 | 25 tsr y25 | 30 ghi y30 | 35 qpo y35 |}


finish_test

/*
** A utility program to translate SQLite varints into decimal and decimal
** integers into varints.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  typedef __int64 i64;
  typedef unsigned __int64 u64;
#else
  typedef long long int i64;
  typedef unsigned long long int u64;
#endif

static int hexValue(char c){
  if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) return c - '0';
  if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) return c - 'a' + 10;
  if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) return c - 'A' + 10;
  return -1;
}

static char toHex(unsigned char c){
  return "0123456789abcdef"[c&0xf];
}

static int putVarint(unsigned char *p, u64 v){
  int i, j, n;
  unsigned char buf[10];
  if( v & (((u64)0xff000000)<<32) ){
    p[8] = (unsigned char)v;
    v >>= 8;
    for(i=7; i>=0; i--){
      p[i] = (unsigned char)((v & 0x7f) | 0x80);
      v >>= 7;
    }
    return 9;
  }    
  n = 0;
  do{
    buf[n++] = (unsigned char)((v & 0x7f) | 0x80);
    v >>= 7;
  }while( v!=0 );
  buf[0] &= 0x7f;
  for(i=0, j=n-1; j>=0; j--, i++){
    p[i] = buf[j];
  }
  return n;
}


int main(int argc, char **argv){
  int i;
  u64 x;
  u64 uX = 0;
  i64 iX;
  int n;
  unsigned char zHex[20];

  if( argc==1 ){
    fprintf(stderr, 
         "Usage:\n"
         "  %s HH HH HH ...   Convert varint to decimal\n"
         "  %s DDDDD          Convert decimal to varint\n"
         "                    Add '+' or '-' before DDDDD to disambiguate.\n",
         argv[0], argv[0]);
    exit(1);
  }
  if( argc>2 
   || (strlen(argv[1])==2 && hexValue(argv[1][0])>=0 && hexValue(argv[1][1])>=0)
  ){
    /* Hex to decimal */
    for(i=1; i<argc && i<9; i++){
      if( strlen(argv[i])!=2 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Not a hex byte: %s\n", argv[i]);
        exit(1);
      }
      x = (hexValue(argv[i][0])<<4) + hexValue(argv[i][1]);
      uX = (uX<<7) + (x&0x7f);
      if( (x&0x80)==0 ) break;
    }
    if( i==9 && i<argc ){
      if( strlen(argv[i])!=2 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Not a hex byte: %s\n", argv[i]);
        exit(1);
      }
      x = (hexValue(argv[i][0])<<4) + hexValue(argv[i][1]);
      uX = (uX<<8) + x;
    }
    i++;
    if( i<argc ){
      fprintf(stderr, "Extra arguments: %s...\n", argv[i]);
      exit(1);
    }
  }else{
    char *z = argv[1];
    int sign = 1;
    if( z[0]=='+' ) z++;
    else if( z[0]=='-' ){ z++; sign = -1; }
    uX = 0;
    while( z[0] ){
      if( z[0]<'0' || z[0]>'9' ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Not a decimal number: %s", argv[1]);
        exit(1);
      }
      uX = uX*10 + z[0] - '0';
      z++;
    }
    if( sign<0 ){
      memcpy(&iX, &uX, 8);
      iX = -iX;
      memcpy(&uX, &iX, 8);
    }
  }
  n = putVarint(zHex, uX);
  printf("%lld =", (i64)uX);
  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
    printf(" %c%c", toHex(zHex[i]>>4), toHex(zHex[i]&0x0f));
  }
  printf("\n");
  return 0;
}