SQLite

  SELECT * FROM xdir, rt LEFT JOIN ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN xdir
  |--SCAN rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B0D1
  `--SCAN ydir LEFT-JOIN
} {
  5 1 2 7 12 14 {}
  5 2 2 7  8 12 10
  5 4 5 5 10 10 10
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.3 {

*/
IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse *pParse, IdList *pList, Token *pToken){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int i;
  if( pList==0 ){
    pList = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(IdList) );
    if( pList==0 ) return 0;
  }else{


    IdList *pNew;
    pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pList,
                 sizeof(IdList) + pList->nId*sizeof(pList->a));


    if( pNew==0 ){
      sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pList);
      return 0;
    }
    pList = pNew;
  }
  i = pList->nId++;
  pList->a[i].zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pToken);
  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pList->a[i].zName ){
    sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)pList->a[i].zName, pToken);
  }
  return pList;
}

/*
** Delete an IdList.
*/
void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3 *db, IdList *pList){
  int i;
  if( pList==0 ) return;
  assert( pList->eU4!=EU4_EXPR ); /* EU4_EXPR mode is not currently used */
  for(i=0; i<pList->nId; i++){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a[i].zName);
  }

  sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pList);
}

/*
** Return the index in pList of the identifier named zId.  Return -1
** if not found.
*/

    Token *pToken = (ALWAYS(pDatabase) && pDatabase->z) ? pDatabase : pTable;
    sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, pItem->zName, pToken);
  }
  assert( pAlias!=0 );
  if( pAlias->n ){
    pItem->zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pAlias);
  }
  if( pSubquery ){
    pItem->pSelect = pSubquery;
    if( pSubquery->selFlags & SF_NestedFrom ){
      pItem->fg.isNestedFrom = 1;
    }
  }
  assert( pOnUsing==0 || pOnUsing->pOn==0 || pOnUsing->pUsing==0 );
  assert( pItem->fg.isUsing==0 );
  if( pOnUsing==0 ){
    pItem->u3.pOn = 0;
  }else if( pOnUsing->pUsing ){
    pItem->fg.isUsing = 1;
    pItem->u3.pUsing = pOnUsing->pUsing;

    SrcList *pNew = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(pParse, p1, p2->nSrc, 1);
    if( pNew==0 ){
      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, p2);
    }else{
      p1 = pNew;
      memcpy(&p1->a[1], p2->a, p2->nSrc*sizeof(SrcItem));
      sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, p2);
      p1->a[0].fg.jointype |= (JT_LTORJ & p1->a[1].fg.jointype);
    }
  }
  return p1;
}

/*
** Add the list of function arguments to the SrcList entry for a

** Example: Suppose the join is like this:
**
**           A natural cross join B
**
** The operator is "natural cross join".  The A and B operands are stored
** in p->a[0] and p->a[1], respectively.  The parser initially stores the
** operator with A.  This routine shifts that operator over to B.
**
** Additional changes:
**
**   *   All tables to the left of the right-most RIGHT JOIN are tagged with
**       JT_LTORJ (mnemonic: Left Table Of Right Join) so that the
**       code generator can easily tell that the table is part of
**       the left operand of at least one RIGHT JOIN.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p){
  (void)pParse;
  if( p && p->nSrc>1 ){

    int i = p->nSrc-1;
    u8 allFlags = 0;
    do{
      allFlags |= p->a[i].fg.jointype = p->a[i-1].fg.jointype;
    }while( (--i)>0 );
    p->a[0].fg.jointype = 0;

    /* All terms to the left of a RIGHT JOIN should be tagged with the
    ** JT_LTORJ flags */
    if( allFlags & JT_RIGHT ){
      for(i=p->nSrc-1; ALWAYS(i>0) && (p->a[i].fg.jointype&JT_RIGHT)==0; i--){}
      i--;
      assert( i>=0 );
      do{
        p->a[i].fg.jointype |= JT_LTORJ;
      }while( (--i)>=0 );
    }
  }
}

/*
** Generate VDBE code for a BEGIN statement.
*/
void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse *pParse, int type){

      }
    }
    pItem->zEName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zEName);
    pItem->sortFlags = pOldItem->sortFlags;
    pItem->eEName = pOldItem->eEName;
    pItem->done = 0;
    pItem->bNulls = pOldItem->bNulls;
    pItem->bUsed = pOldItem->bUsed;
    pItem->bSorterRef = pOldItem->bSorterRef;
    pItem->u = pOldItem->u;
  }
  return pNew;
}

/*

  return pNew;
}
IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3 *db, const IdList *p){
  IdList *pNew;
  int i;
  assert( db!=0 );
  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  assert( p->eU4!=EU4_EXPR );
  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(*pNew)+(p->nId-1)*sizeof(p->a[0]) );
  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
  pNew->nId = p->nId;

  pNew->eU4 = p->eU4;






  for(i=0; i<p->nId; i++){
    struct IdList_item *pNewItem = &pNew->a[i];
    const struct IdList_item *pOldItem = &p->a[i];
    pNewItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
    pNewItem->u4 = pOldItem->u4;
  }
  return pNew;
}
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, const Select *pDup, int flags){
  Select *pRet = 0;
  Select *pNext = 0;
  Select **pp = &pRet;

** contain a bound parameter because they were generated by older versions
** of SQLite to be parsed by newer versions of SQLite without raising a
** malformed schema error.
*/
static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){

  /* If pWalker->eCode is 2 then any term of the expression that comes from
  ** the ON or USING clauses of an outer join disqualifies the expression
  ** from being considered constant. */
  if( pWalker->eCode==2 && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
    pWalker->eCode = 0;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }

  switch( pExpr->op ){

  }
  if( addrOnce ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
    /* Subroutine return */
    assert( ExprUseYSub(pExpr) );
    assert( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v,pExpr->y.sub.iAddr-1)->opcode==OP_BeginSubrtn
            || pParse->nErr );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Return, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn,
                      pExpr->y.sub.iAddr, 1);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
  }
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

/*
** Generate code for scalar subqueries used as a subquery expression

    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
  }

  /* Subroutine return */
  assert( ExprUseYSub(pExpr) );
  assert( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v,pExpr->y.sub.iAddr-1)->opcode==OP_BeginSubrtn
          || pParse->nErr );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Return, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn,
                    pExpr->y.sub.iAddr, 1);
  VdbeCoverage(v);
  sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
  return rReg;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*

      }else{
        return sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_SELECT_COLUMN: {
      int n;
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      if( pLeft->iTable==0 || pParse->withinRJSubrtn > pLeft->op2 ){
        pLeft->iTable = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pLeft);
        pLeft->op2 = pParse->withinRJSubrtn;
      }
      assert( pLeft->op==TK_SELECT || pLeft->op==TK_ERROR );
      n = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);
      if( pExpr->iTable!=n ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%d columns assigned %d values",
                                pExpr->iTable, n);
      }
      return pLeft->iTable + pExpr->iColumn;
    }
    case TK_IN: {
      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
      int destIfNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
      sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, destIfFalse, destIfNull);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, target);

** zero even if expression p will never be true of every column of iTab
** is NULL.  A false negative is merely a missed optimization opportunity.
**
** False positives are not allowed, however.  A false positive may result
** in an incorrect answer.
**
** Terms of p that are marked with EP_FromJoin (and hence that come from
** the ON or USING clauses of OUTER JOINS) are excluded from the analysis.
**
** This routine is used to check if a LEFT JOIN can be converted into
** an ordinary JOIN.  The p argument is the WHERE clause.  If the WHERE
** clause requires that some column of the right table of the LEFT JOIN
** be non-NULL, then the LEFT JOIN can be safely converted into an
** ordinary join.
*/

  ** bIdListInOrder is true if the columns in IDLIST are in storage
  ** order.  This enables an optimization that avoids shuffling the
  ** columns into storage order.  False negatives are harmless,
  ** but false positives will cause database corruption.
  */
  bIdListInOrder = (pTab->tabFlags & (TF_OOOHidden|TF_HasStored))==0;
  if( pColumn ){
    assert( pColumn->eU4!=EU4_EXPR );
    pColumn->eU4 = EU4_IDX;
    for(i=0; i<pColumn->nId; i++){
      pColumn->a[i].u4.idx = -1;
    }
    for(i=0; i<pColumn->nId; i++){
      for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
        if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColumn->a[i].zName, pTab->aCol[j].zCnName)==0 ){
          pColumn->a[i].u4.idx = j;
          if( i!=j ) bIdListInOrder = 0;
          if( j==pTab->iPKey ){
            ipkColumn = i;  assert( !withoutRowid );
          }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
          if( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & (COLFLAG_STORED|COLFLAG_VIRTUAL) ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 

        sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(pParse, 
            sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab, &pTab->aCol[i]),
            iRegStore);
        continue;
      }
    }
    if( pColumn ){
      assert( pColumn->eU4==EU4_IDX );
      for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId && pColumn->a[j].u4.idx!=i; j++){}
      if( j>=pColumn->nId ){
        /* A column not named in the insert column list gets its
        ** default value */
        sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(pParse, 
            sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab, &pTab->aCol[i]),
            iRegStore);
        continue;

%destructor from {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

// A complete FROM clause.
//
from(A) ::= .                {A = 0;}
from(A) ::= FROM seltablist(X). {
  A = X;
  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(pParse,A);
}

// "seltablist" is a "Select Table List" - the content of the FROM clause
// in a SELECT statement.  "stl_prefix" is a prefix of this list.
//
stl_prefix(A) ::= seltablist(A) joinop(Y).    {
   if( ALWAYS(A && A->nSrc>0) ) A->a[A->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)Y;

      A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,A,0,0,&Z,0,&N);
      if( A ){
        SrcItem *pNew = &A->a[A->nSrc-1];
        SrcItem *pOld = F->a;
        pNew->zName = pOld->zName;
        pNew->zDatabase = pOld->zDatabase;
        pNew->pSelect = pOld->pSelect;
        if( pNew->pSelect && (pNew->pSelect->selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)!=0 ){
          pNew->fg.isNestedFrom = 1;
        }
        if( pOld->fg.isTabFunc ){
          pNew->u1.pFuncArg = pOld->u1.pFuncArg;
          pOld->u1.pFuncArg = 0;
          pOld->fg.isTabFunc = 0;
          pNew->fg.isTabFunc = 1;
        }
        pOld->zName = pOld->zDatabase = 0;
        pOld->pSelect = 0;
      }
      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, F);
    }else{
      Select *pSubquery;
      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(pParse,F);
      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,F,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0);
      A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,A,0,0,&Z,pSubquery,&N);
    }
  }
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY

%type dbnm {Token}

        pExpr->y.pWin->pOwner = pExpr;
      }
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pDup);
  }
}

















/*
** Subqueries stores the original database, table and column names for their
** result sets in ExprList.a[].zSpan, in the form "DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN".
** Check to see if the zSpan given to this routine matches the zDb, zTab,
** and zCol.  If any of zDb, zTab, and zCol are NULL then those fields will
** match anything.
*/

  }else{
    testcase( n==BMS-1 );
    testcase( n==BMS );
    if( n>=BMS ) n = BMS-1;
    return ((Bitmask)1)<<n;
  }
}

/*
** Create a new expression term for the column specified by pMatch and
** iColumn.  Append this new expression term to the FULL JOIN Match set
** in *ppList.  Create a new *ppList if this is the first term in the
** set.
*/
static void extendFJMatch(
  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
  ExprList **ppList,      /* ExprList to extend */
  SrcItem *pMatch,        /* Source table containing the column */
  i16 iColumn             /* The column number */
){
  Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
  if( pNew ){
    pNew->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
    pNew->iColumn = iColumn;
    pNew->y.pTab = pMatch->pTab;
    assert( (pMatch->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))!=0 );
    ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_CanBeNull);
    *ppList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, *ppList, pNew);
  }
}

/*
** Given the name of a column of the form X.Y.Z or Y.Z or just Z, look up
** that name in the set of source tables in pSrcList and make the pExpr 
** expression node refer back to that source column.  The following changes
** are made to pExpr:
**

  int nSubquery = 0;                /* How many levels of subquery */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */
  SrcItem *pItem;                   /* Use for looping over pSrcList items */
  SrcItem *pMatch = 0;              /* The matching pSrcList item */
  NameContext *pTopNC = pNC;        /* First namecontext in the list */
  Schema *pSchema = 0;              /* Schema of the expression */
  int eNewExprOp = TK_COLUMN;       /* New value for pExpr->op on success */
  Table *pTab = 0;                  /* Table holding the row */
  Column *pCol;                     /* A column of pTab */
  ExprList *pFJMatch = 0;           /* Matches for FULL JOIN .. USING */

  assert( pNC );     /* the name context cannot be NULL. */
  assert( zCol );    /* The Z in X.Y.Z cannot be NULL */
  assert( zDb==0 || zTab!=0 );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );

  /* Initialize the node to no-match */
  pExpr->iTable = -1;
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);

  /* Translate the schema name in zDb into a pointer to the corresponding

    if( pSrcList ){
      for(i=0, pItem=pSrcList->a; i<pSrcList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
        u8 hCol;
        pTab = pItem->pTab;
        assert( pTab!=0 && pTab->zName!=0 );
        assert( pTab->nCol>0 || pParse->nErr );
        assert( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom == IsNestedFrom(pItem->pSelect) );
        if( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom ){
          /* In this case, pItem is a subquery that has been formed from a
          ** parenthesized subset of the FROM clause terms.  Example:
          **   .... FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(x)) USING(y) ...
          **                          \_________________________/
          **             This pItem -------------^
          */
          int hit = 0;
          assert( pItem->pSelect!=0 );
          pEList = pItem->pSelect->pEList;
          assert( pEList!=0 );
          assert( pEList->nExpr==pTab->nCol );
          for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
            if( !sqlite3MatchEName(&pEList->a[j], zCol, zTab, zDb) ){
              continue;
            }
            if( cnt>0 ){
              if( pItem->fg.isUsing==0
               || sqlite3IdListIndex(pItem->u3.pUsing, zCol)<0
              ){
                /* Two or more tables have the same column name which is
                ** not joined by USING.  This is an error.  Signal as much
                ** by clearing pFJMatch and letting cnt go above 1. */
                sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
                pFJMatch = 0;
              }else
              if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 ){
                /* An INNER or LEFT JOIN.  Use the left-most table */
                continue;
              }else
              if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ){
                /* A RIGHT JOIN.  Use the right-most table */
                cnt = 0;
                sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
                pFJMatch = 0;
              }else{
                /* For a FULL JOIN, we must construct a coalesce() func */
                extendFJMatch(pParse, &pFJMatch, pMatch, pExpr->iColumn);
              }
            }
            cnt++;
            cntTab = 2;
            pMatch = pItem;
            pExpr->iColumn = j;
            pEList->a[j].bUsed = 1;
            hit = 1;

          }
          if( hit || zTab==0 ) continue;
        }
        assert( zDb==0 || zTab!=0 );
        if( zTab ){
          const char *zTabName;
          if( zDb ){
            if( pTab->pSchema!=pSchema ) continue;
            if( pSchema==0 && strcmp(zDb,"*")!=0 ) continue;
          }

          zTabName = pItem->zAlias ? pItem->zAlias : pTab->zName;
          assert( zTabName!=0 );
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTabName, zTab)!=0 ){
            continue;
          }
          assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
          if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pItem->zAlias ){
            sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
          }
        }
        hCol = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);
        for(j=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pCol++){
          if( pCol->hName==hCol
           && sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zCnName, zCol)==0
          ){




            if( cnt>0 ){

              if( pItem->fg.isUsing==0
               || sqlite3IdListIndex(pItem->u3.pUsing, zCol)<0
              ){
                /* Two or more tables have the same column name which is
                ** not joined by USING.  This is an error.  Signal as much
                ** by clearing pFJMatch and letting cnt go above 1. */
                sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
                pFJMatch = 0;
              }else
              if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 ){
                /* An INNER or LEFT JOIN.  Use the left-most table */
                continue;
              }else
              if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ){
                /* A RIGHT JOIN.  Use the right-most table */
                cnt = 0;
                sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
                pFJMatch = 0;
              }else{
                /* For a FULL JOIN, we must construct a coalesce() func */
                extendFJMatch(pParse, &pFJMatch, pMatch, pExpr->iColumn);
              }
            }
            cnt++;
            pMatch = pItem;
            /* Substitute the rowid (column -1) for the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
            pExpr->iColumn = j==pTab->iPKey ? -1 : (i16)j;
            if( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom ){
              sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(pItem, j);
            }
            break;
          }
        }
        if( 0==cnt && VisibleRowid(pTab) ){
          cntTab++;
          pMatch = pItem;
        }
      }
      if( pMatch ){
        pExpr->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
        assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
        pExpr->y.pTab = pMatch->pTab;


        if( (pMatch->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))!=0 ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        pSchema = pExpr->y.pTab->pSchema;
      }
    } /* if( pSrcList ) */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT)

    }
    if( sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(pExpr) ){
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
  }

  /*
  ** cnt==0 means there was not match.
  ** cnt>1 means there were two or more matches.
  **
  ** cnt==0 is always an error.  cnt>1 is often an error, but might
  ** be multiple matches for a NATURAL LEFT JOIN or a LEFT JOIN USING.
  */
  assert( pFJMatch==0 || cnt>0 );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_IntValue) );
  if( cnt!=1 ){
    const char *zErr;
    if( pFJMatch ){
      if( pFJMatch->nExpr==cnt-1 ){
        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Leaf) ){
          ExprClearProperty(pExpr,EP_Leaf);
        }else{
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
          pExpr->pLeft = 0;
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
          pExpr->pRight = 0;
        }
        extendFJMatch(pParse, &pFJMatch, pMatch, pExpr->iColumn);
        pExpr->op = TK_FUNCTION;
        pExpr->u.zToken = "coalesce";
        pExpr->x.pList = pFJMatch;
        cnt = 1;
        goto lookupname_end;
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
        pFJMatch = 0;
      }
    }
    zErr = cnt==0 ? "no such column" : "ambiguous column name";
    if( zDb ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s.%s", zErr, zDb, zTab, zCol);
    }else if( zTab ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zErr, zTab, zCol);
    }else{
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zErr, zCol);
    }
    sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pExpr);
    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
    pTopNC->nNcErr++;
  }
  assert( pFJMatch==0 );

  /* Remove all substructure from pExpr */
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
    pExpr->pLeft = 0;
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
    pExpr->pRight = 0;
    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf);
  }

  /* If a column from a table in pSrcList is referenced, then record
  ** this fact in the pSrcList.a[].colUsed bitmask.  Column 0 causes
  ** bit 0 to be set.  Column 1 sets bit 1.  And so forth.  Bit 63 is
  ** set if the 63rd or any subsequent column is used.
  **
  ** The colUsed mask is an optimization used to help determine if an
  ** index is a covering index.  The correct answer is still obtained
  ** if the mask contains extra set bits.  However, it is important to
  ** avoid setting bits beyond the maximum column number of the table.
  ** (See ticket [b92e5e8ec2cdbaa1]).
  **
  ** If a generated column is referenced, set bits for every column
  ** of the table.
  */
  if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 && pMatch!=0 ){
    pMatch->colUsed |= sqlite3ExprColUsed(pExpr);
  }









  pExpr->op = eNewExprOp;

lookupname_end:
  if( cnt==1 ){
    assert( pNC!=0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
    if( pParse->db->xAuth
     && (pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER)
    ){

     (jointype & JT_ERROR)!=0 ||
     (jointype & (JT_OUTER|JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))==JT_OUTER
  ){
    const char *zSp1 = " ";
    const char *zSp2 = " ";
    if( pB==0 ){ zSp1++; }
    if( pC==0 ){ zSp2++; }
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown join type: "
       "%T%s%T%s%T", pA, zSp1, pB, zSp2, pC);
    jointype = JT_INNER;




  }
  return jointype;
}

/*
** Return the index of a column in a table.  Return -1 if the column
** is not contained in the table.
*/
int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol){
  int i;
  u8 h = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);
  Column *pCol;
  for(pCol=pTab->aCol, i=0; i<pTab->nCol; pCol++, i++){
    if( pCol->hName==h && sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zCnName, zCol)==0 ) return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

/*
** Mark a subquery result column as having been used.
*/
void sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(SrcItem *pItem, int iCol){
  assert( pItem!=0 );
  assert( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom == IsNestedFrom(pItem->pSelect) );
  if( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom ){
    ExprList *pResults;
    assert( pItem->pSelect!=0 );
    pResults = pItem->pSelect->pEList;
    assert( pResults!=0 );
    assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pResults->nExpr );
    pResults->a[iCol].bUsed = 1;
  }
}

/*
** Search the tables iStart..iEnd (inclusive) in pSrc, looking for a
** table that has a column named zCol.  The search is left-to-right.
** The first match found is returned.
**
** When found, set *piTab and *piCol to the table index and column index
** of the matching column and return TRUE.
**
** If not found, return FALSE.
*/
static int tableAndColumnIndex(
  SrcList *pSrc,       /* Array of tables to search */
  int iStart,          /* First member of pSrc->a[] to check */
  int iEnd,            /* Last member of pSrc->a[] to check */
  const char *zCol,    /* Name of the column we are looking for */
  int *piTab,          /* Write index of pSrc->a[] here */
  int *piCol,          /* Write index of pSrc->a[*piTab].pTab->aCol[] here */
  int bIgnoreHidden    /* Ignore hidden columns */
){
  int i;               /* For looping over tables in pSrc */
  int iCol;            /* Index of column matching zCol */

  assert( iEnd<pSrc->nSrc );
  assert( iStart>=0 );
  assert( (piTab==0)==(piCol==0) );  /* Both or neither are NULL */

  for(i=iStart; i<=iEnd; i++){
    iCol = sqlite3ColumnIndex(pSrc->a[i].pTab, zCol);
    if( iCol>=0 
     && (bIgnoreHidden==0 || IsHiddenColumn(&pSrc->a[i].pTab->aCol[iCol])==0)
    ){
      if( piTab ){
        sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(&pSrc->a[i], iCol);
        *piTab = i;
        *piCol = iCol;
      }
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*















































** Set the EP_FromJoin property on all terms of the given expression.
** And set the Expr.w.iJoin to iTable for every term in the
** expression.
**
** The EP_FromJoin property is used on terms of an expression to tell
** the OUTER JOIN processing logic that this term is part of the
** join restriction specified in the ON or USING clause and not a part
** of the more general WHERE clause.  These terms are moved over to the
** WHERE clause during join processing but we need to remember that they
** originated in the ON or USING clause.
**
** The Expr.w.iJoin tells the WHERE clause processing that the
** expression depends on table w.iJoin even if that table is not
** explicitly mentioned in the expression.  That information is needed
** for cases like this:
**
**    SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.b AND t1.x=5
**
** The where clause needs to defer the handling of the t1.x=5
** term until after the t2 loop of the join.  In that way, a
** NULL t2 row will be inserted whenever t1.x!=5.  If we do not
** defer the handling of t1.x=5, it will be processed immediately
** after the t1 loop and rows with t1.x!=5 will never appear in
** the output, which is incorrect.
*/
void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable, u32 joinFlag){
  assert( joinFlag==EP_FromJoin || joinFlag==EP_InnerJoin );
  while( p ){
    ExprSetProperty(p, joinFlag);
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetVVAProperty(p, EP_NoReduce);
    p->w.iJoin = iTable;
    if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      if( p->x.pList ){
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
          sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable, joinFlag);
        }
      }
    }
    sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable, joinFlag);
    p = p->pRight;
  } 
}

/* Undo the work of sqlite3SetJoinExpr(). In the expression p, convert every
** term that is marked with EP_FromJoin and w.iJoin==iTable into
** an ordinary term that omits the EP_FromJoin mark.
**
** This happens when a LEFT JOIN is simplified into an ordinary JOIN.
*/
static void unsetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
  while( p ){
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin)
     && (iTable<0 || p->w.iJoin==iTable) ){
      ExprClearProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
      ExprSetProperty(p, EP_InnerJoin);
    }
    if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && p->iTable==iTable ){
      ExprClearProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull);
    }
    if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      if( p->x.pList ){
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
          unsetJoinExpr(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable);
        }
      }
    }
    unsetJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
    p = p->pRight;
  } 
}

/*
** This routine processes the join information for a SELECT statement.
**
**   *  A NATURAL join is converted into a USING join.  After that, we
**      do not need to be concerned with NATURAL joins and we only have
**      think about USING joins.
**
**   *  ON and USING clauses result in extra terms being added to the
**      WHERE clause to enforce the specified constraints.  The extra
**      WHERE clause terms will be tagged with EP_FromJoin or
**      EP_InnerJoin so that we know that they originated in ON/USING.
**
** The terms of a FROM clause are contained in the Select.pSrc structure.
** The left most table is the first entry in Select.pSrc.  The right-most
** table is the last entry.  The join operator is held in the entry to
** the right.  Thus entry 1 contains the join operator for the join between
** entries 0 and 1.  Any ON or USING clauses associated with the join are
** also attached to the right entry.
**
** This routine returns the number of errors encountered.
*/
static int sqlite3ProcessJoin(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
  SrcList *pSrc;                  /* All tables in the FROM clause */
  int i, j;                       /* Loop counters */
  SrcItem *pLeft;                 /* Left table being joined */
  SrcItem *pRight;                /* Right table being joined */

  pSrc = p->pSrc;
  pLeft = &pSrc->a[0];
  pRight = &pLeft[1];
  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc-1; i++, pRight++, pLeft++){
    Table *pRightTab = pRight->pTab;
    u32 joinType;

    if( NEVER(pLeft->pTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
    joinType = (pRight->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ? EP_FromJoin : EP_InnerJoin;

    /* If this is a NATURAL join, synthesize an approprate USING clause
    ** to specify which columns should be joined.
    */
    if( pRight->fg.jointype & JT_NATURAL ){
      IdList *pUsing = 0;
      if( pRight->fg.isUsing || pRight->u3.pOn ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a NATURAL join may not have "
           "an ON or USING clause", 0);
        return 1;
      }
      for(j=0; j<pRightTab->nCol; j++){
        char *zName;   /* Name of column in the right table */



        if( IsHiddenColumn(&pRightTab->aCol[j]) ) continue;
        zName = pRightTab->aCol[j].zCnName;
        if( tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, 0, i, zName, 0, 0, 1) ){
          pUsing = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse, pUsing, 0);
          if( pUsing ){
            assert( pUsing->nId>0 );
            assert( pUsing->a[pUsing->nId-1].zName==0 );
            pUsing->a[pUsing->nId-1].zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db, zName);
          }
        }
      }
      if( pUsing ){
        pRight->fg.isUsing = 1;
        pRight->fg.isSynthUsing = 1;
        pRight->u3.pUsing = pUsing;
      }
      if( pParse->nErr ) return 1;
    }

    /* Create extra terms on the WHERE clause for each column named
    ** in the USING clause.  Example: If the two tables to be joined are 
    ** A and B and the USING clause names X, Y, and Z, then add this
    ** to the WHERE clause:    A.X=B.X AND A.Y=B.Y AND A.Z=B.Z
    ** Report an error if any column mentioned in the USING clause is
    ** not contained in both tables to be joined.
    */
    if( pRight->fg.isUsing ){
      IdList *pList = pRight->u3.pUsing;
      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
      assert( pList!=0 );
      for(j=0; j<pList->nId; j++){
        char *zName;     /* Name of the term in the USING clause */
        int iLeft;       /* Table on the left with matching column name */
        int iLeftCol;    /* Column number of matching column on the left */
        int iRightCol;   /* Column number of matching column on the right */
        Expr *pE1;       /* Reference to the column on the LEFT of the join */
        Expr *pE2;       /* Reference to the column on the RIGHT of the join */
        Expr *pEq;       /* Equality constraint.  pE1 == pE2 */

        zName = pList->a[j].zName;
        iRightCol = sqlite3ColumnIndex(pRightTab, zName);
        if( iRightCol<0
         || tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, 0, i, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol,
                                pRight->fg.isSynthUsing)==0
        ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot join using column %s - column "
            "not present in both tables", zName);
          return 1;
        }
        pE1 = sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(db, pSrc, iLeft, iLeftCol);
        sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(&pSrc->a[iLeft], iLeftCol);
        if( (pSrc->a[0].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ)!=0 ){
          /* This branch runs if the query contains one or more RIGHT or FULL
          ** JOINs.  If only a single table on the left side of this join
          ** contains the zName column, then this branch is a no-op.
          ** But if there are two or more tables on the left side
          ** of the join, construct a coalesce() function that gathers all
          ** such tables.  Raise an error if more than one of those references
          ** to zName is not also within a prior USING clause.
          **
          ** We really ought to raise an error if there are two or more
          ** non-USING references to zName on the left of an INNER or LEFT
          ** JOIN.  But older versions of SQLite do not do that, so we avoid
          ** adding a new error so as to not break legacy applications.
          */
          ExprList *pFuncArgs = 0;   /* Arguments to the coalesce() */
          static const Token tkCoalesce = { "coalesce", 8 };
          while( tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, iLeft+1, i, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol,
                                     pRight->fg.isSynthUsing)!=0 ){
            if( pSrc->a[iLeft].fg.isUsing==0
             || sqlite3IdListIndex(pSrc->a[iLeft].u3.pUsing, zName)<0
            ){
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "ambiguous reference to %s in USING()",
                              zName);
              break;
            }
            pFuncArgs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pFuncArgs, pE1);
            pE1 = sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(db, pSrc, iLeft, iLeftCol);
            sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(&pSrc->a[iLeft], iLeftCol);
          }
          if( pFuncArgs ){
            pFuncArgs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pFuncArgs, pE1);
            pE1 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pFuncArgs, &tkCoalesce, 0);
          }
        }
        pE2 = sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(db, pSrc, i+1, iRightCol);
        sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(pRight, iRightCol);
        pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pE1, pE2);
        assert( pE2!=0 || pEq==0 );
        if( pEq ){
          ExprSetProperty(pEq, joinType);
          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pEq, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
          ExprSetVVAProperty(pEq, EP_NoReduce);
          pEq->w.iJoin = pE2->iTable;
        }
        p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, p->pWhere, pEq);
      }
    }

    /* Add the ON clause to the end of the WHERE clause, connected by
    ** an AND operator.
    */
    else if( pRight->u3.pOn ){
      sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pRight->u3.pOn, pRight->iCursor, joinType);
      p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, p->pWhere, pRight->u3.pOn);
      pRight->u3.pOn = 0;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

    aCol = 0;
  }
  assert( nCol==(i16)nCol );
  *pnCol = nCol;
  *paCol = aCol;

  for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<nCol && !db->mallocFailed; i++, pCol++){
    struct ExprList_item *pX = &pEList->a[i];
    /* Get an appropriate name for the column
    */
    if( (zName = pX->zEName)!=0 && pX->eEName==ENAME_NAME ){
      /* If the column contains an "AS <name>" phrase, use <name> as the name */
    }else{
      Expr *pColExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pX->pExpr);
      while( ALWAYS(pColExpr!=0) && pColExpr->op==TK_DOT ){
        pColExpr = pColExpr->pRight;
        assert( pColExpr!=0 );
      }
      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
       && ALWAYS( ExprUseYTab(pColExpr) )
       && (pTab = pColExpr->y.pTab)!=0
      ){
        /* For columns use the column name name */
        int iCol = pColExpr->iColumn;
        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
        zName = iCol>=0 ? pTab->aCol[iCol].zCnName : "rowid";
      }else if( pColExpr->op==TK_ID ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pColExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        zName = pColExpr->u.zToken;
      }else{
        /* Use the original text of the column expression as its name */
        assert( zName==pX->zEName );  /* pointer comparison intended */
      }
    }
    if( zName && !sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(zName) ){
      zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
    }else{
      zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db,"column%d",i+1);
    }

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)

/* An instance of the SubstContext object describes an substitution edit
** to be performed on a parse tree.
**
** All references to columns in table iTable are to be replaced by corresponding
** expressions in pEList.
**
** ## About "isOuterJoin":
**
** The isOuterJoin column indicates that the replacement will occur into a
** position in the parent that NULL-able due to an OUTER JOIN.  Either the
** target slot in the parent is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN, or one of
** the left operands of a RIGHT JOIN.  In either case, we need to potentially
** bypass the substituted expression with OP_IfNullRow.
**
** Suppose the original expression integer constant.  Even though the table
** has the nullRow flag set, because the expression is an integer constant,
** it will not be NULLed out.  So instead, we insert an OP_IfNullRow opcode
** that checks to see if the nullRow flag is set on the table.  If the nullRow
** flag is set, then the value in the register is set to NULL and the original
** expression is bypassed.  If the nullRow flag is not set, then the original
** expression runs to populate the register.
**
** Example where this is needed:
**
**      CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b INT);
**      CREATE TABLE t2(x INT UNIQUE);
**
**      SELECT a,b,m,x FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT 59 AS m,x FROM t2) ON b=x;
**
** When the subquery on the right side of the LEFT JOIN is flattened, we
** have to add OP_IfNullRow in front of the OP_Integer that implements the
** "m" value of the subquery so that a NULL will be loaded instead of 59
** when processing a non-matched row of the left.
*/
typedef struct SubstContext {
  Parse *pParse;            /* The parsing context */
  int iTable;               /* Replace references to this table */
  int iNewTable;            /* New table number */
  int isOuterJoin;          /* Add TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcodes on each replacement */
  ExprList *pEList;         /* Replacement expressions */
} SubstContext;

/* Forward Declarations */
static void substExprList(SubstContext*, ExprList*);
static void substSelect(SubstContext*, Select*, int);

      Expr ifNullRow;
      assert( pSubst->pEList!=0 && pExpr->iColumn<pSubst->pEList->nExpr );
      assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pCopy) ){
        sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(pSubst->pParse, pCopy);
      }else{
        sqlite3 *db = pSubst->pParse->db;
        if( pSubst->isOuterJoin && pCopy->op!=TK_COLUMN ){
          memset(&ifNullRow, 0, sizeof(ifNullRow));
          ifNullRow.op = TK_IF_NULL_ROW;
          ifNullRow.pLeft = pCopy;
          ifNullRow.iTable = pSubst->iNewTable;
          ifNullRow.flags = EP_IfNullRow;
          pCopy = &ifNullRow;
        }
        testcase( ExprHasProperty(pCopy, EP_Subquery) );
        pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCopy, 0);
        if( db->mallocFailed ){
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pNew);
          return pExpr;
        }
        if( pSubst->isOuterJoin ){
          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_FromJoin|EP_InnerJoin) ){
          sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pNew, pExpr->w.iJoin,
                             pExpr->flags & (EP_FromJoin|EP_InnerJoin));
        }
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
        pExpr = pNew;

        /* Ensure that the expression now has an implicit collation sequence,
        ** just as it did when it was a column of a view or sub-query. */
        if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE ){

**
**   (3)  If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN then
**        (3a) the subquery may not be a join and
**        (3b) the FROM clause of the subquery may not contain a virtual
**             table and
**        (3c) the outer query may not be an aggregate.
**        (3d) the outer query may not be DISTINCT.
**        See also (26) for restrictions on RIGHT JOIN.
**
**   (4)  The subquery can not be DISTINCT.
**
**  (**)  At one point restrictions (4) and (5) defined a subset of DISTINCT
**        sub-queries that were excluded from this optimization. Restriction 
**        (4) has since been expanded to exclude all DISTINCT subqueries.
**

**        "SELECT x FROM (SELECT max(y), x FROM t1)" would not necessarily
**        return the value X for which Y was maximal.)
**
**  (25)  If either the subquery or the parent query contains a window
**        function in the select list or ORDER BY clause, flattening
**        is not attempted.
**
**  (26)  The subquery may not be the right operand of a RIGHT JOIN.
**        See also (3) for restrictions on LEFT JOIN.
**
**  (27)  The subquery may not contain a FULL or RIGHT JOIN unless it
**        is the first element of the parent query.
**
**
** In this routine, the "p" parameter is a pointer to the outer query.
** The subquery is p->pSrc->a[iFrom].  isAgg is true if the outer query
** uses aggregates.
**
** If flattening is not attempted, this routine is a no-op and returns 0.
** If flattening is attempted this routine returns 1.

  Select *pParent;    /* Current UNION ALL term of the other query */
  Select *pSub;       /* The inner query or "subquery" */
  Select *pSub1;      /* Pointer to the rightmost select in sub-query */
  SrcList *pSrc;      /* The FROM clause of the outer query */
  SrcList *pSubSrc;   /* The FROM clause of the subquery */
  int iParent;        /* VDBE cursor number of the pSub result set temp table */
  int iNewParent = -1;/* Replacement table for iParent */
  int isOuterJoin = 0; /* True if pSub is the right side of a LEFT JOIN */    
  int i;              /* Loop counter */
  Expr *pWhere;                    /* The WHERE clause */
  SrcItem *pSubitem;               /* The subquery */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Walker w;                        /* Walker to persist agginfo data */
  int *aCsrMap = 0;

  ** If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN, then the outer
  ** query cannot be an aggregate. (3c)  This is an artifact of the way
  ** aggregates are processed - there is no mechanism to determine if
  ** the LEFT JOIN table should be all-NULL.
  **
  ** See also tickets #306, #350, and #3300.
  */
  if( (pSubitem->fg.jointype & (JT_OUTER|JT_LTORJ))!=0 ){

    if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1                        /* (3a) */
     || isAgg                                  /* (3b) */
     || IsVirtual(pSubSrc->a[0].pTab)          /* (3c) */
     || (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0         /* (3d) */
     || (pSubitem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)!=0  /* (26) */
    ){
      return 0;
    }
    isOuterJoin = 1;
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_IFNULLROW
  else if( iFrom>0 && !isAgg ){
    /* Setting isOuterJoin to -1 causes OP_IfNullRow opcodes to be generated for
    ** every reference to any result column from subquery in a join, even
    ** though they are not necessary.  This will stress-test the OP_IfNullRow 
    ** opcode. */
    isOuterJoin = -1;
  }
#endif

  assert( pSubSrc->nSrc>0 );  /* True by restriction (7) */
  if( iFrom>0 && (pSubSrc->a[0].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ)!=0 ){
    return 0;   /* Restriction (27) */
  }

  /* Restriction (17): If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
  ** use only the UNION ALL operator. And none of the simple select queries
  ** that make up the compound SELECT are allowed to be aggregate or distinct
  ** queries.
  */
  if( pSub->pPrior ){
    if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
      return 0;  /* Restriction (20) */
    }
    if( isAgg || (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 || isOuterJoin>0 ){
      return 0; /* (17d1), (17d2), or (17f) */
    }
    for(pSub1=pSub; pSub1; pSub1=pSub1->pPrior){
      testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
      testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
      assert( pSub->pSrc!=0 );
      assert( (pSub->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 );

  ** those references with expressions that resolve to the subquery FROM
  ** elements we are now copying in.
  */
  pSub = pSub1;
  for(pParent=p; pParent; pParent=pParent->pPrior, pSub=pSub->pPrior){
    int nSubSrc;
    u8 jointype = 0;
    u8 ltorj = pSrc->a[iFrom].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ;
    assert( pSub!=0 );
    pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of subquery */
    nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;  /* Number of terms in subquery FROM clause */
    pSrc = pParent->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of the outer query */

    if( pParent==p ){
      jointype = pSubitem->fg.jointype;     /* First time through the loop */

    ** outer query.
    */
    for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
      SrcItem *pItem = &pSrc->a[i+iFrom];
      if( pItem->fg.isUsing ) sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->u3.pUsing);
      assert( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 );
      *pItem = pSubSrc->a[i];
      pItem->fg.jointype |= ltorj;
      iNewParent = pSubSrc->a[i].iCursor;
      memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
    }
    pSrc->a[iFrom].fg.jointype &= JT_LTORJ;
    pSrc->a[iFrom].fg.jointype |= jointype | ltorj;
  
    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for 
    ** references to the iParent in the outer query.
    ** 
    ** Example:
    **
    **   SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;

      }
      assert( pParent->pOrderBy==0 );
      pParent->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
      pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
    }
    pWhere = pSub->pWhere;
    pSub->pWhere = 0;
    if( isOuterJoin>0 ){
      sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pWhere, iNewParent, EP_FromJoin);
    }
    if( pWhere ){
      if( pParent->pWhere ){
        pParent->pWhere = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
      }else{
        pParent->pWhere = pWhere;
      }
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
      SubstContext x;
      x.pParse = pParse;
      x.iTable = iParent;
      x.iNewTable = iNewParent;
      x.isOuterJoin = isOuterJoin;
      x.pEList = pSub->pEList;
      substSelect(&x, pParent, 0);
    }
  
    /* The flattened query is a compound if either the inner or the
    ** outer query is a compound. */
    pParent->selFlags |= pSub->selFlags & SF_Compound;

    while( pSubq ){
      SubstContext x;
      pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pWhere, 0);
      unsetJoinExpr(pNew, -1);
      x.pParse = pParse;
      x.iTable = iCursor;
      x.iNewTable = iCursor;
      x.isOuterJoin = 0;
      x.pEList = pSubq->pEList;
      pNew = substExpr(&x, pNew);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      if( pSubq->pWin && 0==pushDownWindowCheck(pParse, pSubq, pNew) ){
        /* Restriction 6c has prevented push-down in this case */
        sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pNew);
        nChng--;

  pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
#ifndef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
  /* The usual case - do not allow ROWID on a subquery */
  pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
#else
  pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;  /* Legacy compatibility mode */
#endif
  return pParse->nErr ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_OK;
}


/*
** Check the N SrcItem objects to the right of pBase.  (N might be zero!)
** If any of those SrcItem objects have a USING clause containing zName
** then return true.
**
** If N is zero, or none of the N SrcItem objects to the right of pBase
** contains a USING clause, or if none of the USING clauses contain zName,
** then return false.
*/
static int inAnyUsingClause(
  const char *zName, /* Name we are looking for */
  SrcItem *pBase,    /* The base SrcItem.  Looking at pBase[1] and following */
  int N              /* How many SrcItems to check */
){
  while( N>0 ){
    N--;
    pBase++;
    if( pBase->fg.isUsing==0 ) continue;
    if( NEVER(pBase->u3.pUsing==0) ) continue;
    if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pBase->u3.pUsing, zName)>=0 ) return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}


/*
** This routine is a Walker callback for "expanding" a SELECT statement.
** "Expanding" means to do the following:
**
**    (1)  Make sure VDBE cursor numbers have been assigned to every
**         element of the FROM clause.

      return WRC_Abort;
    }
  }

  /* Process NATURAL keywords, and ON and USING clauses of joins.
  */
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->nErr!=0 );
  if( pParse->nErr || sqlite3ProcessJoin(pParse, p) ){
    return WRC_Abort;
  }

  /* For every "*" that occurs in the column list, insert the names of
  ** all columns in all tables.  And for every TABLE.* insert the names
  ** of all columns in TABLE.  The parser inserted a special expression
  ** with the TK_ASTERISK operator for each "*" that it found in the column

        if( pE->op==TK_DOT ){
          assert( pE->pLeft!=0 );
          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE->pLeft, EP_IntValue) );
          zTName = pE->pLeft->u.zToken;
        }
        for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
          Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
          Select *pSub;
          char *zTabName = pFrom->zAlias;
          const char *zSchemaName = 0;
          int iDb;
          if( zTabName==0 ){
            zTabName = pTab->zName;
          }
          if( db->mallocFailed ) break;
          assert( pFrom->fg.isNestedFrom == IsNestedFrom(pFrom->pSelect) );
          if( pFrom->fg.isNestedFrom ){
            pSub = pFrom->pSelect;
            assert( pSub->pEList!=0 );
            assert( pSub->pEList->nExpr==pTab->nCol );
          }else{
            pSub = 0;
            if( zTName && sqlite3StrICmp(zTName, zTabName)!=0 ){
              continue;
            }
            iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
            zSchemaName = iDb>=0 ? db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName : "*";
          }
          for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
            char *zName = pTab->aCol[j].zCnName;
            struct ExprList_item *pX; /* Newly added ExprList term */



            assert( zName );
            if( zTName && pSub
             && sqlite3MatchEName(&pSub->pEList->a[j], 0, zTName, 0)==0
            ){
              continue;
            }

            /* If a column is marked as 'hidden', omit it from the expanded
            ** result-set list unless the SELECT has the SF_IncludeHidden
            ** bit set.
            */
            if( (p->selFlags & SF_IncludeHidden)==0
             && IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j]) 
            ){
              continue;
            }
            tableSeen = 1;

            if( i>0 && zTName==0 ){







              if( pFrom->fg.isUsing
               && sqlite3IdListIndex(pFrom->u3.pUsing, zName)>=0
              ){
                /* In a join with a USING clause, omit columns in the
                ** using clause from the table on the right. */
                continue;
              }
            }
            pRight = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zName);
            if( (pTabList->nSrc>1
                 && (  (pFrom->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ)==0
                     || !inAnyUsingClause(zName,pFrom,pTabList->nSrc-i-1)

                    )
                )
             || IN_RENAME_OBJECT
            ){
              Expr *pLeft;
              pLeft = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zTabName);
              pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight);
              if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pE->pLeft ){
                sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, pLeft, pE->pLeft);
              }
              if( zSchemaName ){
                pLeft = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zSchemaName);
                pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pExpr);
              }




            }else{
              pExpr = pRight;
            }
            pNew = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pNew, pExpr);
            if( pNew==0 ){
              break;  /* OOM */
            }



            pX = &pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1];
            assert( pX->zEName==0 );
            if( (selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)!=0 && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
              if( pSub ){
                pX->zEName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pSub->pEList->a[j].zEName);
                testcase( pX->zEName==0 );
              }else{
                pX->zEName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s.%s",
                                           zSchemaName, zTabName, zName);
                testcase( pX->zEName==0 );
              }
              pX->eEName = ENAME_TAB;
            }else if( longNames ){
              pX->zEName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s", zTabName, zName);
              pX->eEName = ENAME_NAME;
            }else{
              pX->zEName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
              pX->eEName = ENAME_NAME;
            }

          }
        }
        if( !tableSeen ){
          if( zTName ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such table: %s", zTName);
          }else{
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no tables specified");

      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in result set");
      return WRC_Abort;
    }
    if( (elistFlags & (EP_HasFunc|EP_Subquery))!=0 ){
      p->selFlags |= SF_ComplexResult;
    }
  }
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x100 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After result-set wildcard expansion:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
  return WRC_Continue;
}

#if SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Always assert.  This xSelectCallback2 implementation proves that the
** xSelectCallback2 is never invoked.

    ** even for FROM clause elements such as subqueries that do not correspond
    ** to a real table */
    assert( pTab!=0 );

    /* Convert LEFT JOIN into JOIN if there are terms of the right table
    ** of the LEFT JOIN used in the WHERE clause.
    */
    if( (pItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))==JT_LEFT
     && sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor)
     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SimplifyJoin)
    ){
      SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,
                ("LEFT-JOIN simplifies to JOIN on term %d\n",i));
      pItem->fg.jointype &= ~(JT_LEFT|JT_OUTER);
      unsetJoinExpr(p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor);

    **
    **  SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tab ORDER BY y LIMIT 10);
    */
    if( pSub->pOrderBy!=0
     && i==0
     && (p->selFlags & SF_ComplexResult)!=0
     && (pTabList->nSrc==1
         || (pTabList->a[1].fg.jointype&(JT_OUTER|JT_CROSS))!=0)
    ){
      continue;
    }

    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg) ){
      if( pParse->nErr ) goto select_end;
      /* This subquery can be absorbed into its parent. */

    /* Make copies of constant WHERE-clause terms in the outer query down
    ** inside the subquery.  This can help the subquery to run more efficiently.
    */
    if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_PushDown)
     && (pItem->fg.isCte==0 
         || (pItem->u2.pCteUse->eM10d!=M10d_Yes && pItem->u2.pCteUse->nUse<2))
     && (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0
     && pushDownWhereTerms(pParse, pSub, p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor,
                           (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0)
    ){
#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
      if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x100 ){
        SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,
            ("After WHERE-clause push-down into subquery %d:\n", pSub->selId));
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      }
#endif
      assert( pItem->pSelect && (pItem->pSelect->selFlags & SF_PushDown)!=0 );
    }else{
      SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("Push-down not possible\n"));
    }

    zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
    pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;

    /* Generate code to implement the subquery
    **
    ** The subquery is implemented as a co-routine all of the following are
    ** true:
    **
    **    (1)  the subquery is guaranteed to be the outer loop (so that
    **         it does not need to be computed more than once), and
    **    (2)  the subquery is not a CTE that should be materialized
    **    (3)  the subquery is not part of a left operand for a RIGHT JOIN


    */
    if( i==0
     && (pTabList->nSrc==1
            || (pTabList->a[1].fg.jointype&(JT_OUTER|JT_CROSS))!=0)  /* (1) */
     && (pItem->fg.isCte==0 || pItem->u2.pCteUse->eM10d!=M10d_Yes)   /* (2) */
     && (pTabList->a[0].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ)==0                   /* (3) */
    ){
      /* Implement a co-routine that will return a single row of the result
      ** set on each invocation.
      */
      int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
     
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;

    sSort.addrSortIndex = -1;
  }

  /* If the output is destined for a temporary table, open that table.
  */
  if( pDest->eDest==SRT_EphemTab ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pDest->iSDParm, pEList->nExpr);
    if( p->selFlags & SF_NestedFrom ){
      /* Delete or NULL-out result columns that will never be used */
      int ii;
      for(ii=pEList->nExpr-1; ii>0 && pEList->a[ii].bUsed==0; ii--){
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pEList->a[ii].pExpr);
        sqlite3DbFree(db, pEList->a[ii].zEName);
        pEList->nExpr--;
      }
      for(ii=0; ii<pEList->nExpr; ii++){
        if( pEList->a[ii].bUsed==0 ) pEList->a[ii].pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Set the limiter.
  */
  iEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
  if( (p->selFlags & SF_FixedLimit)==0 ){
    p->nSelectRow = 320;  /* 4 billion rows */

          goto select_end;
        }
        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));
        eDist = sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo);
        updateAccumulator(pParse, regAcc, pAggInfo, eDist);
        if( eDist!=WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP ){
          struct AggInfo_func *pF = &pAggInfo->aFunc[0];
          if( pF ){
            fixDistinctOpenEph(pParse, eDist, pF->iDistinct, pF->iDistAddr);
          }
        }

        if( regAcc ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regAcc);
        if( minMaxFlag ){
          sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(v, pWInfo);
        }
        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));

#define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
#define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
#define EP_IfNullRow  0x020000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
#define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
#define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
#define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
#define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
#define EP_InnerJoin  0x400000 /* Originates in ON/USING of an inner join */
#define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
#define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
#define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
#define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
#define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
#define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
#define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */

    char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
    u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
    unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
    unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
    unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
    unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
    unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
    unsigned bUsed: 1;      /* This column used in a SF_NestedFrom subquery */
    union {
      struct {             /* Used by any ExprList other than Parse.pConsExpr */
        u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
        u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
      } x;
      int iConstExprReg;   /* Register in which Expr value is cached. Used only
                           ** by Parse.pConstExpr */

** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
**
**     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
**
** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
*/
struct IdList {
  int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
  u8 eU4;          /* Which element of a.u4 is valid */
  struct IdList_item {
    char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
    union {
      int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
      Expr *pExpr;      /* Expr to implement a USING variable -- NOT USED */
    } u4;

  } a[1];
};

/*
** Allowed values for IdList.eType, which determines which value of the a.u4
** is valid.
*/
#define EU4_NONE   0   /* Does not use IdList.a.u4 */
#define EU4_IDX    1   /* Uses IdList.a.u4.idx */
#define EU4_EXPR   2   /* Uses IdList.a.u4.pExpr -- NOT CURRENTLY USED */

/*
** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
**
** Union member validity:
**
**    u1.zIndexedBy          fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc

    unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
    unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
    unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
    unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
    unsigned isCte :1;         /* This is a CTE */
    unsigned notCte :1;        /* This item may not match a CTE */
    unsigned isUsing :1;       /* u3.pUsing is valid */
    unsigned isSynthUsing :1;  /* u3.pUsing is synthensized from NATURAL */
    unsigned isNestedFrom :1;  /* pSelect is a SF_NestedFrom subquery */
  } fg;
  int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
  union {
    Expr *pOn;        /* fg.isUsing==0 =>  The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* fg.isUsing==1 =>  The USING clause of a join */
  } u3;
  Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */

  u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
  SrcItem a[1];    /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};

/*
** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
*/
#define JT_INNER     0x01    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
#define JT_CROSS     0x02    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
#define JT_NATURAL   0x04    /* True for a "natural" join */
#define JT_LEFT      0x08    /* Left outer join */
#define JT_RIGHT     0x10    /* Right outer join */
#define JT_OUTER     0x20    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
#define JT_LTORJ     0x40    /* One of the LEFT operands of a RIGHT JOIN
                             ** Mnemonic: Left Table Of Right Join */
#define JT_ERROR     0x80    /* unknown or unsupported join type */


/*
** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
**
** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
**     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit

                                      ** the OR optimization  */
#define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
#define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
#define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
#define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
#define WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT     0x0400 /* Query is "SELECT agg(DISTINCT ...)" */
#define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
#define WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN       0x1000 /* Processing a RIGHT JOIN */
                        /*     0x2000    not currently used */
#define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
                        /*     0x8000    not currently used */

/* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
*/
#define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */

#define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
#define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
#define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
#define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
#define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
#define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */

/* True if S exists and has SF_NestedFrom */
#define IsNestedFrom(S) ((S)!=0 && ((S)->selFlags&SF_NestedFrom)!=0)

/*
** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
** Type".
**
**     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
**                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.

  u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
  u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
  u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
  u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
  u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
  u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
  u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
  u8 withinRJSubrtn;   /* Nesting level for RIGHT JOIN body subroutines */
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
  u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
#endif
  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
  int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
  int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
  int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */

SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
                                      Token*, Select*, OnOrUsing*);
void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, SrcItem *);
void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(Parse*,SrcList*);
void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
void sqlite3ClearOnOrUsing(sqlite3*, OnOrUsing*);
void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
                          Expr*, int, int, u8);

# define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
# define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
# define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
#endif

int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol);
void sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(SrcItem*,int);
void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int,u32);
void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
  int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
  void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
  void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);

}

/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a SrcList object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView *pView, const SrcList *pSrc){
  int i;
  if( pSrc==0 ) return;
  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
    const SrcItem *pItem = &pSrc->a[i];
    StrAccum x;
    char zLine[100];
    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
    x.printfFlags |= SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL;
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "{%d:*} %!S", pItem->iCursor, pItem);
    if( pItem->pTab ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " tab=%Q nCol=%d ptr=%p used=%llx",
           pItem->pTab->zName, pItem->pTab->nCol, pItem->pTab, pItem->colUsed);
    }
    if( (pItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))==(JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " FULL-OUTER-JOIN");
    }else if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " LEFT-JOIN");
    }else if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " RIGHT-JOIN");
    }else if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_CROSS ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " CROSS-JOIN");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " LTORJ");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.fromDDL ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isCte ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " CteUse=0x%p", pItem->u2.pCteUse);
    }
    sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<pSrc->nSrc-1); 
    if( pItem->pSelect ){
      assert( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom == IsNestedFrom(pItem->pSelect) );
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pItem->u1.pFuncArg, 0, "func-args:");
    }
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
  }

  }else{
    int i;
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      int j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol;
      char *zName = pList->a[i].zEName;
      int moreToFollow = i<pList->nExpr - 1;

      if( j || zName ){
        sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, moreToFollow);
        moreToFollow = 0;
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, 0);
        if( zName ){
          switch( pList->a[i].eEName ){
            default:
              fprintf(stdout, "AS %s ", zName);
              break;
            case ENAME_TAB:
              fprintf(stdout, "TABLE-ALIAS-NAME(\"%s\") ", zName);
              if( pList->a[i].bUsed==0 ) fprintf(stdout, "(unused) ");
              break;
            case ENAME_SPAN:
              fprintf(stdout, "SPAN(\"%s\") ", zName);
              break;
          }
        }
        if( j ){
          fprintf(stdout, "iOrderByCol=%d", j);
        }
        fprintf(stdout, "\n");
        fflush(stdout);
      }

    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
    for(i=0; i<pList->nId; i++){
      char *zName = pList->a[i].zName;
      int moreToFollow = i<pList->nId - 1;
      if( zName==0 ) zName = "(null)";
      sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, moreToFollow);
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, 0);
      if( pList->eU4==EU4_NONE ){
        fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", zName);
      }else if( pList->eU4==EU4_IDX ){
        fprintf(stdout, "%s (%d)\n", zName, pList->a[i].u4.idx);
      }else{
        assert( pList->eU4==EU4_EXPR );
        if( pList->a[i].u4.pExpr==0 ){
          fprintf(stdout, "%s (pExpr=NULL)\n", zName);
        }else{
          fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", zName);
          sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, i<pList->nId-1);
          sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].u4.pExpr, 0);
          sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
        }
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
    }
  }
}
void sqlite3TreeViewIdList(
  TreeView *pView,
  const IdList *pList,

  pIn1->u.i = (int)(pOp-aOp);
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  goto jump_to_p2_and_check_for_interrupt;
}

/* Opcode:  Return P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to the address stored in register P1.  If P1 is a return address
** register, then this accomplishes a return from a subroutine.
**
** If P3 is 1, then the jump is only taken if register P1 holds an integer
** values, otherwise execution falls through to the next opcode, and the
** OP_Return becomes a no-op. If P3 is 0, then register P1 must hold an
** integer or else an assert() is raised.  P3 should be set to 1 when
** this opcode is used in combination with OP_BeginSubrtn, and set to 0
** otherwise.
**
** The value in register P1 is unchanged by this opcode.
**
** P2 is not used by the byte-code engine.  However, if P2 is positive
** and also less than the current address, then the "EXPLAIN" output
** formatter in the CLI will indent all opcodes from the P2 opcode up
** to be not including the current Return.   P2 should be the first opcode
** in the subroutine from which this opcode is returnning.  Thus the P2
** value is a byte-code indentation hint.  See tag-20220407a in
** wherecode.c and shell.c.




*/
case OP_Return: {           /* in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    if( pOp->p3 ){ VdbeBranchTaken(1, 2); }
    pOp = &aOp[pIn1->u.i];

  }else if( ALWAYS(pOp->p3) ){
    VdbeBranchTaken(0, 2);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: InitCoroutine P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Set up register P1 so that it will Yield to the coroutine
** located at address P3.

    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT );
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || db->nDeferredCons>0 || db->nDeferredImmCons>0 );
    rc = p->rc ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_DONE;
  }
  goto vdbe_return;
}











/* Opcode: Integer P1 P2 * * *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=P1
**
** The 32-bit integer value P1 is written into register P2.
*/

case OP_Integer: {         /* out2 */
  pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
  pOut->u.i = pOp->p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Int64 * P2 * P4 *

    assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
    if( pIn3->u.i==pOp->p5 ) pOut->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Static|MEM_Term;
  }
#endif
  break;
}

/* Opcode: BeginSubrtn * P2 * * *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=NULL
**
** Mark the beginning of a subroutine that can be entered in-line
** or that can be called using OP_Gosub.  The subroutine should
** be terminated by an OP_Return instruction that has a P1 operand that
** is the same as the P2 operand to this opcode and that has P3 set to 1.
** If the subroutine is entered in-line, then the OP_Return will simply
** fall through.  But if the subroutine is entered using OP_Gosub, then
** the OP_Return will jump back to the first instruction after the OP_Gosub.
**
** This routine works by loading a NULL into the P2 register.  When the
** return address register contains a NULL, the OP_Return instruction is
** a no-op that simply falls through to the next instruction (assuming that
** the OP_Return opcode has a P3 value of 1).  Thus if the subroutine is
** entered in-line, then the OP_Return will cause in-line execution to
** continue.  But if the subroutine is entered via OP_Gosub, then the
** OP_Return will cause a return to the address following the OP_Gosub.
**
** This opcode is identical to OP_Null.  It has a different name
** only to make the byte code easier to read and verify.
*/
/* Opcode: Null P1 P2 P3 * *
** Synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL
**
** Write a NULL into registers P2.  If P3 greater than P2, then also write
** NULL into register P3 and every register in between P2 and P3.  If P3
** is less than P2 (typically P3 is zero) then only register P2 is
** set to NULL.
**
** If the P1 value is non-zero, then also set the MEM_Cleared flag so that
** NULL values will not compare equal even if SQLITE_NULLEQ is set on
** OP_Ne or OP_Eq.
*/
case OP_BeginSubrtn:
case OP_Null: {           /* out2 */
  int cnt;
  u16 nullFlag;
  pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
  cnt = pOp->p3-pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
  pOut->flags = nullFlag = pOp->p1 ? (MEM_Null|MEM_Cleared) : MEM_Null;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  p2 = (u32)pOp->p2;

op_column_restart:
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( p2<(u32)pC->nField
       || (pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO && pC->seekResult==0) );
  aOffset = pC->aOffset;
  assert( aOffset==pC->aType+pC->nField );
  assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_VTAB );
  assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_PSEUDO || pC->nullRow );
  assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_SORTER );

  if( pC->cacheStatus!=p->cacheCtr ){                /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
    if( pC->nullRow ){
      if( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO && pC->seekResult>0 ){
        /* For the special case of as pseudo-cursor, the seekResult field
        ** identifies the register that holds the record */

        pReg = &aMem[pC->seekResult];
        assert( pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
        assert( memIsValid(pReg) );
        pC->payloadSize = pC->szRow = pReg->n;
        pC->aRow = (u8*)pReg->z;
      }else{
        pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  pC->seekOp = pOp->opcode;
#endif
  r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
  assert( pC->uc.pCursor!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable==0 );
  r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
  if( r.nField>0 ){
    /* Key values in an array of registers */

    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;

    r.default_rc = 0;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    for(ii=0; ii<r.nField; ii++){
      assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[ii]) );
      assert( (r.aMem[ii].flags & MEM_Zero)==0 || r.aMem[ii].n==0 );
      if( ii ) REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3+ii, &r.aMem[ii]);
    }
#endif
    rc = sqlite3BtreeIndexMoveto(pC->uc.pCursor, &r, &pC->seekResult);
  }else{
    /* Composite key generated by OP_MakeRecord */
    assert( r.aMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
    assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_NoConflict );



    rc = ExpandBlob(r.aMem);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
    if( rc ) goto no_mem;
    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pC->pKeyInfo);
    if( pIdxKey==0 ) goto no_mem;
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pC->pKeyInfo, r.aMem->n, r.aMem->z, pIdxKey);
    pIdxKey->default_rc = 0;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeIndexMoveto(pC->uc.pCursor, pIdxKey, &pC->seekResult);
    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pIdxKey);
  }
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }

/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * * * *
**
** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always
** write a NULL.
**
** If cursor P1 is not previously opened, open it now to a special

** pseudo-cursor that always returns NULL for every column.
*/
case OP_NullRow: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( pC==0 ){
    /* If the cursor is not already open, create a special kind of
    ** pseudo-cursor that always gives null rows. */
    pC = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, 1, CURTYPE_PSEUDO);
    if( pC==0 ) goto no_mem;
    pC->seekResult = 0;
    pC->isTable = 1;
    pC->uc.pCursor = sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor();
  }
  pC->nullRow = 1;
  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  if( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE ){
    assert( pC->uc.pCursor!=0 );
    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pC->uc.pCursor);
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

  VdbeCursor *pC;             /* The P1 index cursor */
  VdbeCursor *pTabCur;        /* The P2 table cursor (OP_DeferredSeek only) */
  i64 rowid;                  /* Rowid that P1 current points to */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE || IsNullCursor(pC) );
  assert( pC->uc.pCursor!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable==0 || IsNullCursor(pC) );
  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
  assert( !pC->nullRow || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxRowid );

  /* The IdxRowid and Seek opcodes are combined because of the commonality
  ** of sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore() and sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(). */
  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore(pC);

  /* 2*nField extra array elements allocated for aType[], beyond the one
  ** static element declared in the structure.  nField total array slots for
  ** aType[] and nField+1 array slots for aOffset[] */
  u32 aType[1];           /* Type values record decode.  MUST BE LAST */
};

/* Return true if P is a null-only cursor
*/
#define IsNullCursor(P) \
  ((P)->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO && (P)->nullRow && (P)->seekResult==0)


/*
** A value for VdbeCursor.cacheStatus that means the cache is always invalid.
*/
#define CACHE_STALE 0

/*

}

/*
** Check to ensure that the cursor is valid.  Restore the cursor
** if need be.  Return any I/O error from the restore operation.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore(VdbeCursor *p){
  assert( p->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE || IsNullCursor(p) );
  if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->uc.pCursor) ){
    return sqlite3VdbeHandleMovedCursor(p);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

  const WhereTerm *pTerm,        /* WHERE clause term to check */
  const SrcItem *pSrc,           /* Table we are trying to access */
  const Bitmask notReady         /* Tables in outer loops of the join */
){
  char aff;
  if( pTerm->leftCursor!=pSrc->iCursor ) return 0;
  if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) return 0;
  if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))!=0
   && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
   && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS)
  ){
    /* Cannot use an IS term from the WHERE clause as an index driver for
    ** the RHS of a LEFT JOIN or for the LHS of a RIGHT JOIN. Such a term
    ** can only be used if it is from the ON clause.  */
    return 0;
  }
  if( (pTerm->prereqRight & notReady)!=0 ) return 0;
  assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
  if( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn<0 ) return 0;
  aff = pSrc->pTab->aCol[pTerm->u.x.leftColumn].affinity;
  if( !sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(pTerm->pExpr, aff) ) return 0;

  idxCols = 0;
  for(pTerm=pWC->a; pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){
    Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
    /* Make the automatic index a partial index if there are terms in the
    ** WHERE clause (or the ON clause of a LEFT join) that constrain which
    ** rows of the target table (pSrc) that can be used. */
    if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)==0
     && ((pSrc->fg.jointype&(JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))==0
               || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_FromJoin))
     && sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pExpr, pSrc->iCursor)
    ){
      pPartial = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pPartial,
                                sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0));
    }
    if( termCanDriveIndex(pTerm, pSrc, notReady) ){
      int iCol;

    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop);
    pLoop->wsFlags &= ~WHERE_BLOOMFILTER;
    if( OptimizationDisabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_BloomPulldown) ) break;
    while( ++iLevel < pWInfo->nLevel ){
      const SrcItem *pTabItem;
      pLevel = &pWInfo->a[iLevel];
      pTabItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
      if( pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ) ) continue;
      pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
      if( NEVER(pLoop==0) ) continue;
      if( pLoop->prereq & notReady ) continue;
      if( (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_BLOOMFILTER|WHERE_COLUMN_IN))
                 ==WHERE_BLOOMFILTER
      ){
        /* This is a candidate for bloom-filter pull-down (early evaluation).

    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;

    assert( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_OR|WO_AND))==0 );
    assert( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn>=XN_ROWID );
    assert( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn<pTab->nCol );

    /* tag-20191211-002: WHERE-clause constraints are not useful to the
    ** right-hand table of a LEFT JOIN nor to the left-hand table of a
    ** RIGHT JOIN.  See tag-20191211-001 for the
    ** equivalent restriction for ordinary tables. */
    if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))!=0
     && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
    ){
      continue;
    }
    nTerm++;
    pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_OK;
  }

        /* If there are extra terms in the WHERE clause not used by an index
        ** that depend only on the table being scanned, and that will tend to
        ** cause many rows to be omitted, then mark that table as
        ** "self-culling".
        **
        ** 2022-03-24:  Self-culling only applies if either the extra terms
        ** are straight comparison operators that are non-true with NULL
        ** operand, or if the loop is not an OUTER JOIN.
        */
        if( (pTerm->eOperator & 0x3f)!=0
         || (pWC->pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].fg.jointype
                  & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))==0
        ){
          pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_SELFCULL;
        }
      }
      if( pTerm->truthProb<=0 ){
        /* If a truth probability is specified using the likelihood() hints,
        ** then use the probability provided by the application. */

    if( pTerm->prereqRight & pNew->maskSelf ) continue;

    /* Do not allow the upper bound of a LIKE optimization range constraint
    ** to mix with a lower range bound from some other source */
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT && pTerm->eOperator==WO_LT ) continue;

    /* tag-20191211-001:  Do not allow constraints from the WHERE clause to
    ** be used by the right table of a LEFT JOIN nor by the left table of a
    ** RIGHT JOIN.  Only constraints in the
    ** ON clause are allowed.  See tag-20191211-002 for the vtab equivalent. */
    if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))!=0
     && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
    ){
      continue;
    }

    if( IsUniqueIndex(pProbe) && saved_nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1 ){
      pBuilder->bldFlags1 |= SQLITE_BLDF1_UNIQUE;

    pProbe = &sPk;
  }
  rSize = pTab->nRowLogEst;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
  /* Automatic indexes */
  if( !pBuilder->pOrSet      /* Not part of an OR optimization */
   && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & (WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN|WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE))==0
   && (pWInfo->pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_AutoIndex)!=0
   && !pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy  /* Has no INDEXED BY clause */
   && !pSrc->fg.notIndexed   /* Has no NOT INDEXED clause */
   && HasRowid(pTab)         /* Not WITHOUT ROWID table. (FIXME: Why not?) */
   && !pSrc->fg.isCorrelated /* Not a correlated subquery */
   && !pSrc->fg.isRecursive  /* Not a recursive common table expression. */
   && (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 /* Not the right tab of a RIGHT JOIN */
  ){
    /* Generate auto-index WhereLoops */
    LogEst rLogSize;         /* Logarithm of the number of rows in the table */
    WhereTerm *pTerm;
    WhereTerm *pWCEnd = pWC->a + pWC->nTerm;
    rLogSize = estLog(rSize);
    for(pTerm=pWC->a; rc==SQLITE_OK && pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){

  
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
  pWCEnd = pWC->a + pWC->nTerm;
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  memset(&sSum, 0, sizeof(sSum));
  pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a + pNew->iTab;
  iCur = pItem->iCursor;

  /* The multi-index OR optimization does not work for RIGHT and FULL JOIN */
  if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT ) return SQLITE_OK;

  for(pTerm=pWC->a; pTerm<pWCEnd && rc==SQLITE_OK; pTerm++){
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_OR)!=0
     && (pTerm->u.pOrInfo->indexable & pNew->maskSelf)!=0 
    ){
      WhereClause * const pOrWC = &pTerm->u.pOrInfo->wc;
      WhereTerm * const pOrWCEnd = &pOrWC->a[pOrWC->nTerm];

  whereLoopInit(pNew);
  pBuilder->iPlanLimit = SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT;
  for(iTab=0, pItem=pTabList->a; pItem<pEnd; iTab++, pItem++){
    Bitmask mUnusable = 0;
    pNew->iTab = iTab;
    pBuilder->iPlanLimit += SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR;
    pNew->maskSelf = sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pItem->iCursor);
    if( (pItem->fg.jointype & (JT_OUTER|JT_CROSS))!=0 ){
      /* This condition is true when pItem is the FROM clause term on the
      ** right-hand-side of a OUTER or CROSS JOIN.  */
      mPrereq = mPrior;
    }else{
      mPrereq = 0;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
      SrcItem *p;
      for(p=&pItem[1]; p<pEnd; p++){
        if( mUnusable || (p->fg.jointype & (JT_OUTER|JT_CROSS)) ){
          mUnusable |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, p->iCursor);
        }
      }
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(pBuilder, mPrereq, mUnusable);
    }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
    {

      const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
      int iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VOpen, iCur, 0, 0, pVTab, P4_VTAB);
    }else if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      /* noop */
    }else
#endif
    if( ((pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0
         && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0)
     || (pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LTORJ|JT_RIGHT))!=0
    ){
      int op = OP_OpenRead;
      if( pWInfo->eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
        op = OP_OpenWrite;
        pWInfo->aiCurOnePass[0] = pTabItem->iCursor;
      };
      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, pTabItem->iCursor, iDb, pTab, op);
      assert( pTabItem->iCursor==pLevel->iTabCur );

          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Dup8(v, OP_ColumnsUsed, iIndexCur, 0, 0,
                                (u8*)&colUsed, P4_INT64);
        }
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK */
      }
    }
    if( iDb>=0 ) sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
    if( (pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)!=0
     && (pLevel->pRJ = sqlite3WhereMalloc(pWInfo, sizeof(WhereRightJoin)))!=0
    ){
      WhereRightJoin *pRJ = pLevel->pRJ;
      pRJ->iMatch = pParse->nTab++;
      pRJ->regBloom = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Blob, 65536, pRJ->regBloom);
      pRJ->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pRJ->regReturn);
      assert( pTab==pTabItem->pTab );
      if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
        KeyInfo *pInfo;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pRJ->iMatch, 1);
        pInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(pParse->db, 1, 0);
        if( pInfo ){
          pInfo->aColl[0] = 0;
          pInfo->aSortFlags[0] = 0;
          sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
        }
      }else{
        Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pRJ->iMatch, pPk->nKeyCol);
        sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pPk);
      }
      pLoop->wsFlags &= ~WHERE_IDX_ONLY;
      /* The nature of RIGHT JOIN processing is such that it messes up
      ** the output order.  So omit any ORDER BY/GROUP BY elimination
      ** optimizations.  We need to do an actual sort for RIGHT JOIN. */
      pWInfo->nOBSat = 0;
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED;
    }
  }
  pWInfo->iTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;

  /* Generate the code to do the search.  Each iteration of the for
  ** loop below generates code for a single nested loop of the VM
  ** program.

  /* Generate loop termination code.
  */
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "End WHERE-core"));
  for(i=pWInfo->nLevel-1; i>=0; i--){
    int addr;
    pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
    if( pLevel->pRJ ){
      /* Terminate the subroutine that forms the interior of the loop of
      ** the RIGHT JOIN table */
      WhereRightJoin *pRJ = pLevel->pRJ;
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrCont);
      pLevel->addrCont = 0;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Return, pRJ->regReturn, pRJ->addrSubrtn, 1);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      assert( pParse->withinRJSubrtn>0 );
      pParse->withinRJSubrtn--;
    }
    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
    if( pLevel->op!=OP_Noop ){
#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
      int addrSeek = 0;
      Index *pIdx;
      int n;
      if( pWInfo->eDistinct==WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED

        addrSeek = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, pLevel->iIdxCur, 0, r1, n);
        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLT);
        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekGT);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 1, pLevel->p2);
      }
#endif /* SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT */
      /* The common case: Advance to the next row */
      if( pLevel->addrCont ) sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrCont);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, pLevel->op, pLevel->p1, pLevel->p2, pLevel->p3);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, pLevel->p5);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pLevel->op==OP_Next);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pLevel->op==OP_Prev);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pLevel->op==OP_VNext);
      if( pLevel->regBignull ){
        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrBignull);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_DecrJumpZero, pLevel->regBignull, pLevel->p2-1);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
      if( addrSeek ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrSeek);
#endif
    }else if( pLevel->addrCont ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrCont);
    }
    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE)!=0 && pLevel->u.in.nIn>0 ){
      struct InLoop *pIn;
      int j;
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrNxt);
      for(j=pLevel->u.in.nIn, pIn=&pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[j-1]; j>0; j--, pIn--){

          VdbeCoverageIf(v, pIn->eEndLoopOp==OP_Prev);
          VdbeCoverageIf(v, pIn->eEndLoopOp==OP_Next);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pIn->addrInTop-1);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrBrk);
    if( pLevel->pRJ ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Return, pLevel->pRJ->regReturn, 0, 1);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    if( pLevel->addrSkip ){
      sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, pLevel->addrSkip);
      VdbeComment((v, "next skip-scan on %s", pLoop->u.btree.pIndex->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pLevel->addrSkip);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pLevel->addrSkip-2);
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS

      }
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
    }
    VdbeModuleComment((v, "End WHERE-loop%d: %s", i,
                     pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].pTab->zName));
  }






  assert( pWInfo->nLevel<=pTabList->nSrc );
  for(i=0, pLevel=pWInfo->a; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++, pLevel++){
    int k, last;
    VdbeOp *pOp, *pLastOp;
    Index *pIdx = 0;
    SrcItem *pTabItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
    Table *pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
    assert( pTab!=0 );
    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;

    /* Do RIGHT JOIN processing.  Generate code that will output the
    ** unmatched rows of the right operand of the RIGHT JOIN with
    ** all of the columns of the left operand set to NULL.
    */
    if( pLevel->pRJ ){
      sqlite3WhereRightJoinLoop(pWInfo, i, pLevel);
      continue;
    }

    /* For a co-routine, change all OP_Column references to the table of
    ** the co-routine into OP_Copy of result contained in a register.
    ** OP_Rowid becomes OP_Null.
    */
    if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
      testcase( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
      translateColumnToCopy(pParse, pLevel->addrBody, pLevel->iTabCur,
                            pTabItem->regResult, 0);
      continue;
    }
























    /* If this scan uses an index, make VDBE code substitutions to read data
    ** from the index instead of from the table where possible.  In some cases
    ** this optimization prevents the table from ever being read, which can
    ** yield a significant performance boost.
    ** 
    ** Calls to the code generator in between sqlite3WhereBegin and
    ** sqlite3WhereEnd will have created code that references the table

#endif
      }while( (++pOp)<pLastOp );
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ) printf("TRANSLATE complete\n");
#endif
    }
  }

  /* The "break" point is here, just past the end of the outer loop.
  ** Set it.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pWInfo->iBreak);

  /* Final cleanup
  */
  if( pWInfo->pExprMods ) whereUndoExprMods(pWInfo);
  pParse->nQueryLoop = pWInfo->savedNQueryLoop;
  whereInfoFree(db, pWInfo);
  return;
}

typedef struct WherePath WherePath;
typedef struct WhereTerm WhereTerm;
typedef struct WhereLoopBuilder WhereLoopBuilder;
typedef struct WhereScan WhereScan;
typedef struct WhereOrCost WhereOrCost;
typedef struct WhereOrSet WhereOrSet;
typedef struct WhereMemBlock WhereMemBlock;
typedef struct WhereRightJoin WhereRightJoin;

/*
** This object is a header on a block of allocated memory that will be
** automatically freed when its WInfo oject is destructed.
*/
struct WhereMemBlock {
  WhereMemBlock *pNext;      /* Next block in the chain */
  u8 sz;                     /* Bytes of space */
};

/*
** Extra information attached to a WhereLevel that is a RIGHT JOIN.
*/
struct WhereRightJoin {
  int iMatch;          /* Cursor used to determine prior matched rows */
  int regBloom;        /* Bloom filter for iRJMatch */
  int regReturn;       /* Return register for the interior subroutine */
  int addrSubrtn;      /* Starting address for the interior subroutine */
};

/*
** This object contains information needed to implement a single nested
** loop in WHERE clause.
**
** Contrast this object with WhereLoop.  This object describes the
** implementation of the loop.  WhereLoop describes the algorithm.

  int regBignull;       /* big-null flag reg. True if a NULL-scan is needed */
  int addrBignull;      /* Jump here for next part of big-null scan */
#ifndef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
  u32 iLikeRepCntr;     /* LIKE range processing counter register (times 2) */
  int addrLikeRep;      /* LIKE range processing address */
#endif
  int regFilter;        /* Bloom filter */
  WhereRightJoin *pRJ;  /* Extra information for RIGHT JOIN */
  u8 iFrom;             /* Which entry in the FROM clause */
  u8 op, p3, p5;        /* Opcode, P3 & P5 of the opcode that ends the loop */
  int p1, p2;           /* Operands of the opcode used to end the loop */
  union {               /* Information that depends on pWLoop->wsFlags */
    struct {
      int nIn;              /* Number of entries in aInLoop[] */
      struct InLoop {

Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  Vdbe *v,             /* Prepared statement under construction */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
  int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,  /* The current level pointer */
  Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
);
SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3WhereRightJoinLoop(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,
  int iLevel,
  WhereLevel *pLevel
);

/* whereexpr.c: */
void sqlite3WhereClauseInit(WhereClause*,WhereInfo*);
void sqlite3WhereClauseClear(WhereClause*);
void sqlite3WhereSplit(WhereClause*,Expr*,u8);
void sqlite3WhereAddLimit(WhereClause*, Select*);

    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    else if( (flags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&str, " VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX %d:%s",
                  pLoop->u.vtab.idxNum, pLoop->u.vtab.idxStr);
    }
#endif
    if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&str, " LEFT-JOIN");
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS
    if( pLoop->nOut>=10 ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&str, " (~%llu rows)",
             sqlite3LogEstToInt(pLoop->nOut));
    }else{
      sqlite3_str_append(&str, " (~1 row)", 9);
    }

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;        /* Vdbe to generate code within */

  assert( iIdxCur>0 );
  assert( pIdx->aiColumn[pIdx->nColumn-1]==-1 );
  
  pWInfo->bDeferredSeek = 1;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_DeferredSeek, iIdxCur, 0, iCur);
  if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & (WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE|WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN))
   && DbMaskAllZero(sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->writeMask)
  ){
    int i;
    Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
    u32 *ai = (u32*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(u32)*(pTab->nCol+1));
    if( ai ){
      ai[0] = pTab->nCol;

  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);

  /* If this is the right table of a LEFT OUTER JOIN, allocate and
  ** initialize a memory cell that records if this table matches any
  ** row of the left table of the join.
  */
  assert( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & (WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE|WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN))
       || pLevel->iFrom>0 || (pTabItem[0].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0
  );
  if( pLevel->iFrom>0 && (pTabItem[0].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
    pLevel->iLeftJoin = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN no-match flag"));
  }

  /* Compute a safe address to jump to if we discover that the table for
  ** this loop is empty and can never contribute content. */
  for(j=iLevel; j>0; j--){
    if( pWInfo->a[j].iLeftJoin ) break;
    if( pWInfo->a[j].pRJ ) break;
  }
  addrHalt = pWInfo->a[j].addrBrk;

  /* Special case of a FROM clause subquery implemented as a co-routine */
  if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    pLevel->p2 =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Yield, regYield, addrBrk);

    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT)!=0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekHit, iIdxCur, nEq, nEq);
    }

    /* Seek the table cursor, if required */
    omitTable = (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
           && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & (WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE|WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN))==0;
    if( omitTable ){
      /* pIdx is a covering index.  No need to access the main table. */
    }else if( HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
      codeDeferredSeek(pWInfo, pIdx, iCur, iIdxCur);
    }else if( iCur!=iIdxCur ){
      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx->pTable);
      iRowidReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pPk->nKeyCol);

      ** column values are.  https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7fa8049685b50b5a
      **
      ** Also, do not do this when processing one index an a multi-index
      ** OR clause, since the transformation will become invalid once we
      ** move forward to the next index.
      ** https://sqlite.org/src/info/4e8e4857d32d401f
      */
      if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & (WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE|WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN))==0 ){
        whereIndexExprTrans(pIdx, iCur, iIdxCur, pWInfo);
      }
  
      /* If a partial index is driving the loop, try to eliminate WHERE clause
      ** terms from the query that must be true due to the WHERE clause of
      ** the partial index.
      **
      ** 2019-11-02 ticket 623eff57e76d45f6: This optimization does not work
      ** for a LEFT JOIN.
      */
      if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
        whereApplyPartialIndexConstraints(pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, iCur, pWC);
      }
    }else{
      testcase( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere );
      /* The following assert() is not a requirement, merely an observation:
      ** The OR-optimization doesn't work for the right hand table of
      ** a LEFT JOIN: */
      assert( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & (WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE|WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN))==0 );
    }
  
    /* Record the instruction used to terminate the loop. */
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( bRev ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Prev;

        testcase( pWInfo->untestedTerms==0
            && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)!=0 );
        pWInfo->untestedTerms = 1;
        continue;
      }
      pE = pTerm->pExpr;
      assert( pE!=0 );
      if( (pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))
       && !ExprHasProperty(pE,EP_FromJoin)
      ){
        continue;
      }
      
      if( iLoop==1 && !sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(pE, pLevel->iTabCur, pIdx) ){
        iNext = 2;
        continue;
      }

  for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nBase; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
    Expr *pE, sEAlt;
    WhereTerm *pAlt;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->leftCursor!=iCur ) continue;
    if( pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ) ) continue;
    pE = pTerm->pExpr;
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x800 */
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x800 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding transitive constraint:\n");
      sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, pWC->nTerm-j);
    }
#endif

    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_IN );
    VdbeModuleComment((v, "begin transitive constraint"));
    sEAlt = *pAlt->pExpr;
    sEAlt.pLeft = pE->pLeft;
    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, &sEAlt, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    pAlt->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
  }

  /* For a RIGHT OUTER JOIN, record the fact that the current row has
  ** been matched at least once.
  */
  if( pLevel->pRJ ){
    Table *pTab;
    int nPk;
    int r;
    int jmp1 = 0;
    WhereRightJoin *pRJ = pLevel->pRJ;

    /* pTab is the right-hand table of the RIGHT JOIN.  Generate code that
    ** will record that the current row of that table has been matched at
    ** least once.  This is accomplished by storing the PK for the row in
    ** both the iMatch index and the regBloom Bloom filter.
    */
    pTab = pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].pTab;
    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
      r = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, 2);
      sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, pLevel->iTabCur, -1, r+1);
      nPk = 1;
    }else{
      int iPk;
      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
      nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
      r = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPk+1);
      for(iPk=0; iPk<nPk; iPk++){
        int iCol = pPk->aiColumn[iPk];
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, iCol,r+1+iPk);
      }
    }
    jmp1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, pRJ->iMatch, 0, r+1, nPk);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeComment((v, "match against %s", pTab->zName));
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, r+1, nPk, r);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, pRJ->iMatch, r, r+1, nPk);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_FilterAdd, pRJ->regBloom, 0, r+1, nPk);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp1);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r, nPk+1);
  }

  /* For a LEFT OUTER JOIN, generate code that will record the fact that
  ** at least one row of the right table has matched the left table.  
  */
  if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
    pLevel->addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "record LEFT JOIN hit"));
    for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=0; j<pWC->nBase; j++, pTerm++){
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
      if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
      if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady)!=0 ){
        assert( pWInfo->untestedTerms );
        continue;
      }
      if( pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ ) continue;
      assert( pTerm->pExpr );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTerm->pExpr, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
  }

  if( pLevel->pRJ ){
    /* Create a subroutine used to process all interior loops and code
    ** of the RIGHT JOIN.  During normal operation, the subroutine will
    ** be in-line with the rest of the code.  But at the end, a separate
    ** loop will run that invokes this subroutine for unmatched rows
    ** of pTab, with all tables to left begin set to NULL.
    */
    WhereRightJoin *pRJ = pLevel->pRJ;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_BeginSubrtn, 0, pRJ->regReturn);
    pRJ->addrSubrtn = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    assert( pParse->withinRJSubrtn < 255 );
    pParse->withinRJSubrtn++;
  }

#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x20800 */
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x20000 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("All WHERE-clause terms after coding level %d:\n",
                       iLevel);
    sqlite3WhereClausePrint(pWC);
  }
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x800 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("End Coding level %d:  notReady=%llx\n",
       iLevel, (u64)pLevel->notReady);
  }
#endif
  return pLevel->notReady;
}

/*
** Generate the code for the loop that finds all non-matched terms
** for a RIGHT JOIN.
*/
SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3WhereRightJoinLoop(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,
  int iLevel,
  WhereLevel *pLevel
){
  Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  WhereRightJoin *pRJ = pLevel->pRJ;
  Expr *pSubWhere = 0;
  WhereClause *pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  WhereInfo *pSubWInfo;
  WhereLoop *pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
  SrcItem *pTabItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
  SrcList sFrom;
  Bitmask mAll = 0;
  int k;

  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "RIGHT-JOIN %s", pTabItem->pTab->zName));
  for(k=0; k<iLevel; k++){
    int iIdxCur;
    mAll |= pWInfo->a[k].pWLoop->maskSelf;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pWInfo->a[k].iTabCur);
    iIdxCur = pWInfo->a[k].iIdxCur;
    if( iIdxCur ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, iIdxCur);
    }
  }
  if( (pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ)==0 ){
    mAll |= pLoop->maskSelf;
    for(k=0; k<pWC->nTerm; k++){
      WhereTerm *pTerm = &pWC->a[k];
      if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ) break;
      if( pTerm->prereqAll & ~mAll ) continue;
      if( ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin|EP_InnerJoin) ) continue;
      pSubWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pSubWhere,
                                 sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pTerm->pExpr, 0));
    }
  }
  sFrom.nSrc = 1;
  sFrom.nAlloc = 1;
  memcpy(&sFrom.a[0], pTabItem, sizeof(SrcItem));
  sFrom.a[0].fg.jointype = 0;
  assert( pParse->withinRJSubrtn < 100 );
  pParse->withinRJSubrtn++;
  pSubWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, &sFrom, pSubWhere, 0, 0, 0,
                                WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN, 0);
  if( pSubWInfo ){
    int iCur = pLevel->iTabCur;
    int r = ++pParse->nMem;
    int nPk;
    int jmp;
    int addrCont = sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(pSubWInfo);
    Table *pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
      sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, -1, r);
      nPk = 1;
    }else{
      int iPk;
      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
      nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
      pParse->nMem += nPk - 1;
      for(iPk=0; iPk<nPk; iPk++){
        int iCol = pPk->aiColumn[iPk];
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, iCol,r+iPk);
      }
    }
    jmp = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Filter, pRJ->regBloom, 0, r, nPk);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, pRJ->iMatch, addrCont, r, nPk);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pRJ->regReturn, pRJ->addrSubrtn);
    sqlite3WhereEnd(pSubWInfo);
  }
  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSubWhere);
  ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
  assert( pParse->withinRJSubrtn>0 );
  pParse->withinRJSubrtn--;
}

  if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 ) return;
  pTab = pItem->pTab;
  assert( pTab!=0 );
  pArgs = pItem->u1.pFuncArg;
  if( pArgs==0 ) return;
  for(j=k=0; j<pArgs->nExpr; j++){
    Expr *pRhs;
    u32 joinType;
    while( k<pTab->nCol && (pTab->aCol[k].colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)==0 ){k++;}
    if( k>=pTab->nCol ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on %s() - max %d",
                      pTab->zName, j);
      return;
    }
    pColRef = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
    if( pColRef==0 ) return;
    pColRef->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
    pColRef->iColumn = k++;
    assert( ExprUseYTab(pColRef) );
    pColRef->y.pTab = pTab;
    pItem->colUsed |= sqlite3ExprColUsed(pColRef);
    pRhs = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS, 
        sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pArgs->a[j].pExpr, 0), 0);
    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pColRef, pRhs);
    if( pItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ) ){
      joinType = EP_FromJoin;
    }else{
      joinType = EP_InnerJoin;
    }
    sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pTerm, pItem->iCursor, joinType);
    whereClauseInsert(pWC, pTerm, TERM_DYNAMIC);
  }
}

  CREATE TABLE apr (id INT PRIMARY KEY, apr REAL);
  
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS
  SELECT c.id, i.apr
  FROM customer c
  LEFT JOIN apr i ON i.id=c.id;
  
  CREATE VIEW v1rj AS
  SELECT c.id, i.apr
  FROM apr i
  RIGHT JOIN customer c ON i.id=c.id;
  
  CREATE VIEW v2 AS
  SELECT c.id, v1.apr
  FROM customer c
  LEFT JOIN v1 ON v1.id=c.id;
  
  CREATE VIEW v2rj AS
  SELECT c.id, v1.apr
  FROM v1 RIGHT JOIN customer c ON v1.id=c.id;
  
  CREATE VIEW v2rjrj AS
  SELECT c.id, v1rj.apr
  FROM v1rj RIGHT JOIN customer c ON v1rj.id=c.id;
  
  INSERT INTO customer (id) VALUES (1);
  INSERT INTO apr (id, apr) VALUES (1, 12);
  INSERT INTO customer (id) VALUES (2);
  INSERT INTO apr (id, apr) VALUES (2, 12.01);
}
do_execsql_test affinity3-110 {
  PRAGMA automatic_index=ON;
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v1;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-111 {
  PRAGMA automatic_index=ON;
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v1rj;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-120 {
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v2;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-121 {
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v2rj;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-122 {
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v2rjrj;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-130 {
  PRAGMA automatic_index=OFF;
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v1;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-131 {
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v1rj;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-140 {
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v2;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-141 {
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v2rj;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}
do_execsql_test affinity3-142 {
  SELECT id, (apr / 100), typeof(apr) apr_type  FROM v2rjrj;
} {1 0.12 real 2 0.1201 real}

# Ticket https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7ffd1ca1d2ad4ecf  (2017-01-16)
# Incorrect affinity when using automatic indexes 
#
do_execsql_test affinity3-200 {
  CREATE TABLE map_integer (id INT, name);
  INSERT INTO map_integer VALUES(1,'a');

     (SELECT sum(value2==xyz) FROM t2)
    FROM
     (SELECT curr.value1 as xyz
        FROM t1 AS curr LEFT JOIN t1 AS other
       GROUP BY curr.id1);
  }
} {1 1}
do_test aggnested-3.1-rj {
  db eval {
    SELECT
     (SELECT sum(value2==xyz) FROM t2)
    FROM
     (SELECT curr.value1 as xyz
        FROM t1 AS other RIGHT JOIN t1 AS curr
       GROUP BY curr.id1);
  }
} {1 1}

do_test aggnested-3.2 {
  db eval {
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t2;
    CREATE TABLE t1 (
      id1 INTEGER,
      value1 INTEGER,

  QUERY PLAN
  |--MATERIALIZE y
  |  |--SCAN s
  |  |--SEARCH prev USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_flock_owner_1 (flock_no=? AND owner_change_date<?)
  |  `--CORRELATED SCALAR SUBQUERY xxxxxx
  |     `--SEARCH later USING COVERING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_flock_owner_1 (flock_no=? AND owner_change_date>? AND owner_change_date<?)
  |--SCAN x USING INDEX sheep_reg_flock_index
  `--SEARCH y USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (sheep_no=?) LEFT-JOIN
}


do_execsql_test autoindex1-700 {
  CREATE TABLE t5(a, b, c);
}
do_eqp_test autoindex1-700a {

do_execsql_test autoindex4-1.1 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1, t2 WHERE a=234 AND x=555;
} {}

do_execsql_test autoindex4-1.2 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON a=234 AND x=555;
} {123 abc {} {} | 234 def {} {} | 234 ghi {} {} | 345 jkl {} {} |}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-1.2-rj {
  SELECT t1.*, t2.*, '|' FROM t2 RIGHT JOIN t1 ON a=234 AND x=555;
} {123 abc {} {} | 234 def {} {} | 234 ghi {} {} | 345 jkl {} {} |}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-1.3 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON x=555 WHERE a=234;
} {234 def {} {} | 234 ghi {} {} |}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-1.3-rj {
  SELECT t1.*, t2.*, '|' FROM t2 RIGHT JOIN t1 ON x=555 WHERE a=234;
} {234 def {} {} | 234 ghi {} {} |}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-1.4 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 WHERE a=234 AND x=555;
} {}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-1.4-rj {
  SELECT t1.*, t2.*, '|' FROM t2 RIGHT JOIN t1 WHERE a=234 AND x=555;
} {}


do_execsql_test autoindex4-2.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t3(e,f);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(123,654),(555,444),(234,987);

  SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 WHERE a=e AND x=f), e, f, '|'

    FROM Items
      LEFT JOIN A ON (A.Name = Items.ItemName and Items.ItemName = 'dummy')
      LEFT JOIN B ON (B.Name = Items.ItemName)
    WHERE Items.Name = 'Parent'
    ORDER BY Items.ItemName;
} {Item1 Item2}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-3.1 {
  SELECT Items.ItemName
    FROM A
      RIGHT JOIN Items ON (A.Name = Items.ItemName and Items.ItemName = 'dummy')
      LEFT JOIN B ON (B.Name = Items.ItemName)
    WHERE Items.Name = 'Parent'
    ORDER BY Items.ItemName;
} {Item1 Item2}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-3.10 {
  CREATE INDEX Items_x1 ON Items(ItemName,Name) WHERE ItemName = 'dummy';
  
  SELECT Items.ItemName
    FROM Items
      LEFT JOIN A ON (A.Name = Items.ItemName and Items.ItemName = 'dummy')
      LEFT JOIN B ON (B.Name = Items.ItemName)
    WHERE Items.Name = 'Parent'
    ORDER BY Items.ItemName;
} {Item1 Item2}
do_execsql_test autoindex4-3.11 {
  SELECT Items.ItemName
    FROM A
      RIGHT JOIN Items ON (A.Name = Items.ItemName and Items.ItemName = 'dummy')
      LEFT JOIN B ON (B.Name = Items.ItemName)
    WHERE Items.Name = 'Parent'
    ORDER BY Items.ItemName;
} {Item1 Item2}

# 2021-11-30 - Enhancement to help the automatic index mechanism to
# create a partial index more often.
#
unset -nocomplain id data1 data2 jointype onclause whereclause answer
foreach {id data1 data2 jointype onclause whereclause answer} {

  WITH RECURSIVE c(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<100)
    INSERT INTO t1(a,b,c) SELECT x*2, zeroblob(100), x FROM c;
  UPDATE t1 SET b=zeroblob(1000) WHERE a=198;
  CREATE TABLE t2(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INT);
  INSERT INTO t2(y) VALUES(198),(187),(100);
  SELECT y, c FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1 ON y=a ORDER BY x;
} {198 99 187 {} 100 50}
do_execsql_test btree01-2.2 {
  SELECT y, c FROM t1 RIGHT JOIN t2 ON y=a ORDER BY x;
} {198 99 187 {} 100 50}


finish_test

  }
} {aa aA Aa AA}
do_test collate2-5.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT collate2t1.b FROM collate2t2 NATURAL JOIN collate2t1;
  }
} {aa}
do_test collate2-5.4.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT collate2t2.b FROM collate2t1 LEFT JOIN collate2t2 USING (b) order by collate2t1.oid;
  }
} {{} aa {} {} {} aa {} {} {} aa {} {} {} aa {} {} {}}
do_test collate2-5.4.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT collate2t2.b FROM collate2t2 RIGHT JOIN collate2t1 ON collate2t1.b=collate2t2.b
     ORDER BY collate2t1.oid;
  }
} {{} aa {} {} {} aa {} {} {} aa {} {} {} aa {} {} {}}
do_test collate2-5.4.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT collate2t2.b FROM collate2t1 LEFT JOIN collate2t2 ON collate2t2.b=collate2t1.b
     ORDER BY collate2t1.oid;
  }
} {{} aa {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}}
do_test collate2-5.5.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT collate2t1.b, collate2t2.b FROM collate2t2 LEFT OUTER JOIN collate2t1 USING (b);
  }
} {aa aa}
do_test collate2-5.5.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT collate2t1.b, collate2t2.b
      FROM collate2t1 RIGHT JOIN collate2t2 ON collate2t2.b=collate2t1.b
  }
} {aa aa}

do_execsql_test 6.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('b');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('B');
}

  ) AS rr ON t4.rowid=rr.docid 
  WHERE t4.y = ?;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--MATERIALIZE rr
  |  `--SCAN ft4 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 3:
  |--SCAN t4
  `--SEARCH rr USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (docid=?) LEFT-JOIN
}

finish_test

} {}

do_eqp_test index6-8.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t8a LEFT JOIN t8b ON (x = 'value' AND y = a)
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN t8a
  `--SEARCH t8b USING INDEX i8c (y=?) LEFT-JOIN
}

do_execsql_test index6-8.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t8a LEFT JOIN t8b ON (x = 'value' AND y = a)
} {
  1 one value 1 
  2 two {} {} 

} {b 2 c 3 d 4 b 3 c 4 d 5 b {} c {} d {}}

do_test join-2.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t2 NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN t1;
  }
} {1 2 3 {} 2 3 4 1 3 4 5 2}

#do_test join-2.3 {
#  catchsql {
#    SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL RIGHT OUTER JOIN t2;
#  }
#} {1 {RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs are not currently supported}}


do_test join-2.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.d
  }
} {1 2 3 {} {} {} 2 3 4 {} {} {} 3 4 5 1 2 3}
do_test join-2.5 {
  execsql {

    SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t3.a=t2.b;
  }
} {1 {no such column: t3.a}}
do_test join-3.7 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 INNER OUTER JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: INNER OUTER}}
do_test join-3.8 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 INNER OUTER CROSS JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: INNER OUTER CROSS}}
do_test join-3.9 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 OUTER NATURAL INNER JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: OUTER NATURAL INNER}}
do_test join-3.10 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT BOGUS JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: LEFT BOGUS}}
do_test join-3.11 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 INNER BOGUS CROSS JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: INNER BOGUS CROSS}}
do_test join-3.12 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL AWK SED JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: NATURAL AWK SED}}

do_test join-4.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE t5(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE t6(a INTEGER);
    INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(NULL);

do_execsql_test join-25.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t0(c0 INT);
  CREATE VIEW v0 AS SELECT (NULL AND 5) as c0 FROM t0;
  INSERT INTO t0(c0) VALUES (NULL);
  SELECT count(*)  FROM v0 LEFT JOIN t0 ON v0.c0;
} {1}

# 2022-04-21 Parser issue detected by dbsqlfuzz
#
reset_db
do_catchsql_test join-26.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t4(a,b);
  CREATE TABLE t5(a,c);
  CREATE TABLE t6(a,d);
  SELECT * FROM t5 JOIN ((t4 JOIN (t5 JOIN t6)) t7);
} {/1 {.*}/}

finish_test

} {1 11 111 1111 3 33 333 {}}
do_test join2-1.6 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM
      t1 NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 NATURAL JOIN t3
  }
} {1 11 111 1111}
do_test join2-1.6-rj {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM
      t2 NATURAL RIGHT OUTER JOIN t1 NATURAL JOIN t3
  }
} {11 111 1 1111}
ifcapable subquery {
  do_test join2-1.7 {
    execsql {
      SELECT * FROM
        t1 NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN (t2 NATURAL JOIN t3)
    }
  } {1 11 111 1111 2 22 {} {} 3 33 {} {}}
  do_test join2-1.7-rj {
    execsql {
      SELECT a, b, c, d FROM
        t2 NATURAL JOIN t3 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t1
    }
  } {1 11 111 1111 2 22 {} {} 3 33 {} {}}
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that ticket [25e335f802ddc] has been resolved. It should be an
# error for the ON clause of a LEFT JOIN to refer to a table to its right.
#
do_execsql_test 2.0 {
  CREATE TABLE aa(a);
  CREATE TABLE bb(b);
  CREATE TABLE cc(c);
  INSERT INTO aa VALUES('one');
  INSERT INTO bb VALUES('one');
  INSERT INTO cc VALUES('one');
}

do_catchsql_test 2.1 {
  SELECT * FROM aa LEFT JOIN cc ON (a=b) JOIN bb ON (b=coalesce(c,1));
} {1 {ON clause references tables to its right}}
do_catchsql_test 2.1b {
  SELECT * FROM aa RIGHT JOIN cc ON (a=b) JOIN bb ON (b=coalesce(c,1));
} {1 {ON clause references tables to its right}}
do_catchsql_test 2.2 {
  SELECT * FROM aa JOIN cc ON (a=b) JOIN bb ON (b=c);
} {0 {one one one}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that a problem causing where.c to overlook opportunities to
# omit unnecessary tables from a LEFT JOIN when UNIQUE, NOT NULL column 

}

do_eqp_test 3.1 {
  SELECT v2 FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 USING (k2) LEFT JOIN t3_1 USING (k3);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN t1
  `--SEARCH t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?) LEFT-JOIN
}

do_eqp_test 3.2 {
  SELECT v2 FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 USING (k2) LEFT JOIN t3_2 USING (k3);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN t1
  `--SEARCH t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?) LEFT-JOIN
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that tables other than the rightmost can be omitted from a
# LEFT JOIN query.
#
do_execsql_test 4.0 {

} {2 v3 2 v3 1112 {} 1112 {}}

do_eqp_test 4.1.5 {
  SELECT v1, v3 FROM c1 LEFT JOIN c2 ON (c2.k=v1) LEFT JOIN c3 ON (c3.k=v2);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN c1
  |--SEARCH c2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?) LEFT-JOIN
  `--SEARCH c3 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?) LEFT-JOIN
}
do_eqp_test 4.1.6 {
  SELECT v1, v3 FROM c1 LEFT JOIN c2 ON (c2.k=v1) LEFT JOIN c3 ON (c3.k=v1+1);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN c1
  `--SEARCH c3 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?) LEFT-JOIN
}

do_execsql_test 4.2.0 {
  DROP TABLE c1;
  DROP TABLE c2;
  DROP TABLE c3;
  CREATE TABLE c1(k UNIQUE, v1);

} {2 v3 2 v3 1112 {} 1112 {}}

do_eqp_test 4.2.5 {
  SELECT v1, v3 FROM c1 LEFT JOIN c2 ON (c2.k=v1) LEFT JOIN c3 ON (c3.k=v2);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN c1
  |--SEARCH c2 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_c2_1 (k=?) LEFT-JOIN
  `--SEARCH c3 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_c3_1 (k=?) LEFT-JOIN
}
do_eqp_test 4.2.6 {
  SELECT v1, v3 FROM c1 LEFT JOIN c2 ON (c2.k=v1) LEFT JOIN c3 ON (c3.k=v1+1);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN c1
  `--SEARCH c3 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_c3_1 (k=?) LEFT-JOIN
}

# 2017-11-23 (Thanksgiving day)
# OSSFuzz found an assertion fault in the new LEFT JOIN eliminator code.
#
do_execsql_test 4.3.0 {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;

    t2.x = t1.x AND (t2.y=? OR (t2.y=? AND t2.z IS NOT NULL))
  );
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN t1
  `--MULTI-INDEX OR
     |--INDEX 1
     |  `--SEARCH t2 USING INDEX t2xy (x=? AND y=?) LEFT-JOIN
     `--INDEX 2
        `--SEARCH t2 USING INDEX t2xy (x=? AND y=?) LEFT-JOIN
}

do_execsql_test 7.3 {
  CREATE TABLE t3(x);

  CREATE TABLE t4(x, y, z);
  CREATE INDEX t4xy ON t4(x, y);
  CREATE INDEX t4xz ON t4(x, z);

  WITH s(i) AS ( SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i<50000)
  INSERT INTO t4 SELECT i/10, i, i FROM s;

  ANALYZE;
}

do_eqp_test 7.4 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 LEFT JOIN t4 ON (t4.x = t3.x) WHERE (t4.y = ? OR t4.z = ?);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN t3
  `--SEARCH t4 USING INDEX t4xz (x=?) LEFT-JOIN
} 
do_eqp_test 7.4b {
  SELECT * FROM t3 CROSS JOIN t4 ON (t4.x = t3.x) WHERE (+t4.y = ? OR t4.z = ?);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN t3
  |--BLOOM FILTER ON t4 (x=?)

# 2022-04-09
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#
# This file implements tests for RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

foreach {id schema} {
  1 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE INDEX t1a ON t1(a);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INT, d INT);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE INDEX t2c ON t2(c);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  2 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE INDEX t1ab ON t1(a,b);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INT, d INT);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE INDEX t2cd ON t2(c,d);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  3 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE INDEX t1a ON t1(a);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INT, d INT PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID;
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE INDEX t2c ON t2(c);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  4 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d INT);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  5 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INT PRIMARY KEY, d INT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  6 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE VIEW t2(c,d) AS VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  7 {
    CREATE VIEW t1(a,b) AS VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d INT);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  8 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INT, d INT);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,33),(4,44),(5,55);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
  }
  9 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE TABLE t2a(c INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, i1 INT);
    CREATE TABLE t2b(i1 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d INT);
    CREATE VIEW t2(c,d) AS SELECT c, d FROM t2a NATURAL JOIN t2b;
    INSERT INTO t2a VALUES(3,93),(4,94),(5,95),(6,96),(7,97);
    INSERT INTO t2b VALUES(91,11),(92,22),(93,33),(94,44),(95,55);
    CREATE TABLE dual(dummy TEXT);
    INSERT INTO dual(dummy) VALUES('x');
  }
  10 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT, PRIMARY KEY(a,b)) WITHOUT ROWID;
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(1,3),(1,4);
    CREATE TABLE t2a(c INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, i1 INT);
    CREATE TABLE t2b(i1 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d INT);
    CREATE VIEW t2(c,d) AS SELECT c, d FROM t2a NATURAL JOIN t2b;
    INSERT INTO t2a VALUES(3,93),(4,94),(5,95),(6,96),(7,97);
    INSERT INTO t2b VALUES(91,11),(92,22),(93,33),(94,44),(95,55);
    CREATE TABLE dual(dummy TEXT);
    INSERT INTO dual(dummy) VALUES('x');
  }
} {
  reset_db
  db nullvalue NULL
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.setup $schema {}

  # Verified against PG-14 for case 1
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.10 {
    SELECT b, d FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL 55
    2    NULL
    3    33
    4    44
  }

  # Verified against PG-14 for case 1
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.20 {
    SELECT a, c FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL  5
    1     NULL
    1     3
    1     4
  }

  do_execsql_test join7-$id.30 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.31 {
    SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t2 FULL OUTER JOIN t1 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.40 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 RIGHT OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.50 {
    SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t2 LEFT OUTER JOIN t1 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.60 {
    SELECT * FROM dual JOIN t1 ON true RIGHT OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL NULL 5    55
    x    1    3    3    33
    x    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.70 {
    SELECT t1.*, t2.* 
      FROM t2 LEFT JOIN (dual JOIN t1 ON true) ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.80 {
    SELECT * FROM dual CROSS JOIN t1 RIGHT OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL NULL 5    55
    x    1    3    3    33
    x    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.81 {
    SELECT dual.*, t1.*, t2.*
      FROM t1 CROSS JOIN dual RIGHT OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL NULL 5    55
    x    1    3    3    33
    x    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.90 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.100 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c AND a=1 ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.101 {
    SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t2 FULL OUTER JOIN t1 ON b=c AND a=1 ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }

  # Verified against PG-14 for case 1
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.110 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c WHERE a=1 ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }

  do_execsql_test join7-$id.111 {
    SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t2 FULL OUTER JOIN t1 ON b=c WHERE a=1 ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }

  # Verified against PG-14 for case 1
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.115 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c
     WHERE a=1 OR a IS NULL ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }

  do_execsql_test join7-$id.116 {
    SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t2 FULL OUTER JOIN t1 ON b=c
     WHERE a=1 OR a IS NULL ORDER BY +b;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    3    33
    1    4    4    44
  }

  # Verified against PG-14 for case 1:
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.120 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c WHERE a IS NULL ORDER BY +d;
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
  }

  # Verified against PG-14 for case 1:
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.130 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON b=c AND d<=0 ORDER BY +b, +d;
  } {
    NULL NULL 3    33
    NULL NULL 4    44
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    NULL NULL
    1    4    NULL NULL
  }

  # Verified against PG-14 for case 1:
  do_execsql_test join7-$id.140 {
    SELECT a, b, c, d
      FROM t2 FULL OUTER JOIN t1 ON b=c AND d<=0 ORDER BY +b, +d;
  } {
    NULL NULL 3    33
    NULL NULL 4    44
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
    1    3    NULL NULL
    1    4    NULL NULL
  }

  do_execsql_test join7-$id.141 {
    SELECT a, b, c, d
      FROM t2 FULL OUTER JOIN t1 ON b=c AND d<=0
     ORDER BY +b, +d LIMIT 2 OFFSET 2
  } {
    NULL NULL 5    55
    1    2    NULL NULL
  }
}  
finish_test

# 2022-04-12
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file implements tests for RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

db null NULL
do_execsql_test join8-10 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c);
  CREATE TABLE t2(x,y);
  CREATE INDEX t2x ON t2(x);
  SELECT avg(DISTINCT b) FROM (SELECT * FROM t2 LEFT RIGHT JOIN t1 ON c);
} {NULL}

# Pending optimization opportunity:
# Row-value initialization subroutines must be called from with the
# RIGHT JOIN body subroutine before the first use of any register containing
# the results of that subroutine.  This seems dodgy.  Test case:
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test join8-1000 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s);
  CREATE INDEX t1x1 ON t1(g+h,j,k);
  CREATE INDEX t1x2 ON t1(b);
  INSERT INTO t1 DEFAULT VALUES;
} {}
do_catchsql_test join8-1010 {
  SELECT a
    FROM (
          SELECT a
            FROM (
                  SELECT a
                    FROM (
                          SELECT a FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t1
                           WHERE (b, 2 ) IS ( SELECT 2 IN(2,2),2)
                         )
                    NATURAL LEFT FULL JOIN t1
                   WHERE ( rowid , 1 )<=(CASE 5 WHEN 619 THEN 841 ELSE 3374391096 END,0)
                   ORDER BY a ASC
                 )
            NATURAL LEFT JOIN t1
           WHERE (b, 2 ) IS ( SELECT 3 IN(3,3),3)
         )
    NATURAL LEFT FULL JOIN t1
   WHERE ( rowid , 1 )<=(CASE 5 WHEN 619 THEN 841 ELSE 3374391096 END,0)
   ORDER BY a ASC;
} {0 1}

# Pending issue #2: (now resolved)
# Jump to addrHalt inside the RIGHT JOIN body subroutine bypasses the
# OP_Return, resulting in a subroutine loop.  Test case:
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test join8-2000 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a int, b int, c int);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2,3),(4,5,6);
  CREATE TABLE t2(d int, e int);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,333),(4,444);
  CREATE TABLE t3(f int, g int);
  PRAGMA automatic_index=off;
} {}
do_catchsql_test join8-2010 {
  SELECT * FROM t1 RIGHT JOIN t2 ON c=d JOIN t3 ON f=e;
} {0 {}}

# Demonstrate that nested FULL JOINs and USING clauses work
#
reset_db
load_static_extension db series
do_execsql_test join8-3000 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, a INT);
  CREATE TABLE t2(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b INT);
  CREATE TABLE t3(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, c INT);
  CREATE TABLE t4(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d INT);
  CREATE TABLE t5(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, e INT);
  CREATE TABLE t6(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, f INT);
  CREATE TABLE t7(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, g INT);
  CREATE TABLE t8(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, h INT);
  INSERT INTO t1 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 1;
  INSERT INTO t2 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 2;
  INSERT INTO t3 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 4;
  INSERT INTO t4 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 8;
  INSERT INTO t5 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 16;
  INSERT INTO t6 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 32;
  INSERT INTO t7 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 64;
  INSERT INTO t8 SELECT value, 1 FROM generate_series(1,256) WHERE value & 128;
  CREATE TABLE t9 AS
    SELECT id, h, g, f, e, d, c, b, a
      FROM t1
      NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
      NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
      NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
      NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
      NATURAL FULL JOIN t6
      NATURAL FULL JOIN t7
      NATURAL FULL JOIN t8;
} {}
do_execsql_test join8-3010 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t9;
} {255}
do_execsql_test join8-3020 {
  SELECT id, count(*) FROM t9 GROUP BY id HAVING count(*)!=1;
} {}
do_execsql_test join8-3030 {
  UPDATE t9 SET a=0 WHERE a IS NULL;
  UPDATE t9 SET b=0 WHERE b IS NULL;
  UPDATE t9 SET c=0 WHERE c IS NULL;
  UPDATE t9 SET d=0 WHERE d IS NULL;
  UPDATE t9 SET e=0 WHERE e IS NULL;
  UPDATE t9 SET f=0 WHERE f IS NULL;
  UPDATE t9 SET g=0 WHERE g IS NULL;
  UPDATE t9 SET h=0 WHERE h IS NULL;
  SELECT count(*) FROM t9 WHERE id=128*h+64*g+32*f+16*e+8*d+4*c+2*b+a;
} {255}
do_execsql_test join8-3040 {
  SELECT * FROM t9 WHERE id<>128*h+64*g+32*f+16*e+8*d+4*c+2*b+a;
} {}

# 2022-04-21 dbsqlfuzz find
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test join8-4000 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, a, b);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,5555,4);
  CREATE INDEX i1a ON t1(a);
  CREATE INDEX i1b ON t1(b);
  SELECT a FROM t1 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t1 WHERE a=5555 OR (1,b)==(SELECT 2 IN (2,2),4);
} {5555}

finish_test

# 2022-04-16
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#
# This file implements tests for RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

foreach {id schema} {
  1 {
    CREATE TABLE t3(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, w TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t4(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, x TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t5(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t6(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, z INT);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
    INSERT INTO t3(id,w) VALUES(2,'two'),(3,'three'),(6,'six'),(7,'seven');
    INSERT INTO t4(id,x) VALUES(2,'alice'),(4,'bob'),(6,'cindy'),(8,'dave');
    INSERT INTO t5(id,y) VALUES(1,'red'),(2,'orange'),(3,'yellow'),(4,'green'),
                               (5,'blue');
    INSERT INTO t6(id,z) VALUES(3,333),(4,444),(5,555),(0,1000),(9,999);
  }
  2 {
    CREATE TABLE t3(id INT PRIMARY KEY, w TEXT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE t4(id INT PRIMARY KEY, x TEXT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE t5(id INT PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE t6(id INT PRIMARY KEY, z INT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE dual(dummy TEXT);
    INSERT INTO dual(dummy) VALUES('x');
    INSERT INTO t3(id,w) VALUES(2,'two'),(3,'three'),(6,'six'),(7,'seven');
    INSERT INTO t4(id,x) VALUES(2,'alice'),(4,'bob'),(6,'cindy'),(8,'dave');
    INSERT INTO t5(id,y) VALUES(1,'red'),(2,'orange'),(3,'yellow'),(4,'green'),
                               (5,'blue');
    INSERT INTO t6(id,z) VALUES(3,333),(4,444),(5,555),(0,1000),(9,999);
  }
  3 {
    CREATE TABLE t3x(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, w TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t4x(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, x TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t5x(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t6x(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, z INT);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
    INSERT INTO t3x(id,w) VALUES(2,'two'),(3,'three'),(6,'six'),(7,'seven');
    INSERT INTO t4x(id,x) VALUES(2,'alice'),(4,'bob'),(6,'cindy'),(8,'dave');
    INSERT INTO t5x(id,y) VALUES(1,'red'),(2,'orange'),(3,'yellow'),(4,'green'),
                               (5,'blue');
    INSERT INTO t6x(id,z) VALUES(3,333),(4,444),(5,555),(0,1000),(9,999);
    CREATE VIEW t3 AS SELECT * FROM t3x LIMIT 1000;
    CREATE VIEW t4 AS SELECT * FROM t4x LIMIT 1000;
    CREATE VIEW t5 AS SELECT * FROM t5x LIMIT 1000;
    CREATE VIEW t6 AS SELECT * FROM t6x LIMIT 1000;
  }
  4 {
    CREATE TABLE t3a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, w TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t3b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, w TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t4a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, x TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t4b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, x TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t5a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t5b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t6a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, z INT);
    CREATE TABLE t6b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, z INT);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
    INSERT INTO t3a(id,w) VALUES(2,'two'),(3,'three');
    INSERT INTO t3b(id,w) VALUES(6,'six'),(7,'seven');
    INSERT INTO t4a(id,x) VALUES(2,'alice'),(4,'bob');
    INSERT INTO t4b(id,x) VALUES(6,'cindy'),(8,'dave');
    INSERT INTO t5a(id,y) VALUES(1,'red'),(2,'orange'),(3,'yellow');
    INSERT INTO t5b(id,y) VALUES(4,'green'),(5,'blue');
    INSERT INTO t6a(id,z) VALUES(3,333),(4,444);
    INSERT INTO t6b(id,z) VALUES(5,555),(0,1000),(9,999);
    CREATE VIEW t3 AS SELECT * FROM t3a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t3b;
    CREATE VIEW t4 AS SELECT * FROM t4a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t4b;
    CREATE VIEW t5 AS SELECT * FROM t5a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t5b;
    CREATE VIEW t6 AS SELECT * FROM t6a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t6b;
  }
  5 {
    CREATE TABLE t3a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, w TEXT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE t3b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, w TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t4a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, x TEXT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE t4b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, x TEXT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE t5a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t5b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT) WITHOUT ROWID;
    CREATE TABLE t6a(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, z INT);
    CREATE TABLE t6b(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, z INT);
    CREATE VIEW dual(dummy) AS VALUES('x');
    INSERT INTO t3a(id,w) VALUES(2,'two'),(3,'three');
    INSERT INTO t3b(id,w) VALUES(6,'six'),(7,'seven');
    INSERT INTO t4a(id,x) VALUES(2,'alice'),(4,'bob');
    INSERT INTO t4b(id,x) VALUES(6,'cindy'),(8,'dave');
    INSERT INTO t5a(id,y) VALUES(1,'red'),(2,'orange'),(3,'yellow');
    INSERT INTO t5b(id,y) VALUES(4,'green'),(5,'blue');
    INSERT INTO t6a(id,z) VALUES(3,333),(4,444);
    INSERT INTO t6b(id,z) VALUES(5,555),(0,1000),(9,999);
    CREATE VIEW t3 AS SELECT * FROM t3a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t3b;
    CREATE VIEW t4 AS SELECT * FROM t4a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t4b LIMIT 50;
    CREATE VIEW t5 AS SELECT * FROM t5a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t5b LIMIT 100;
    CREATE VIEW t6 AS SELECT * FROM t6a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t6b;
  }
} {
  reset_db
  db nullvalue -
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.setup $schema {}

  # Verifid by PG-14 for case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.100 {
    SELECT *, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t5 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t6
     ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    2   alice  orange  -    2   2   - 
    4   bob    green   444  4   4   4 
    6   cindy  -       -    6   -   - 
    8   dave   -       -    8   -   - 
  }

  do_execsql_test join9-$id.101 {
    SELECT *, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t5 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t6
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    2   alice  orange  -    2   2   - 
    4   bob    green   444  4   4   4 
    6   cindy  -       -    6   -   - 
    8   dave   -       -    8   -   - 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.102 {
    SELECT *, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(id) LEFT JOIN t6 USING(id)
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    2   alice  orange  -    2   2   - 
    4   bob    green   444  4   4   4 
    6   cindy  -       -    6   -   - 
    8   dave   -       -    8   -   - 
  }

  # Verifid by PG-14 using case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.200 {
    SELECT id, x, y, z, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t5 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t6
     ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    2   alice  orange  -    2   2   - 
    4   bob    green   444  4   4   4 
    6   cindy  -       -    6   -   - 
    8   dave   -       -    8   -   - 
  }

  do_execsql_test join9-$id.201 {
    SELECT id, x, y, z, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t5 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t6
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    2   alice  orange  -    2   2   - 
    4   bob    green   444  4   4   4 
    6   cindy  -       -    6   -   - 
    8   dave   -       -    8   -   - 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14 using case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.300 {
    SELECT *, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t5 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t6
     ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -    -       1000  -   -   0 
    3   -    yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4   bob  green   444   4   4   4 
    5   -    blue    555   -   5   5 
    9   -    -       999   -   -   9 
  }

  do_execsql_test join9-$id.301 {
    SELECT *, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t5 NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t6
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    0   -    -       1000  -   -   0 
    3   -    yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4   bob  green   444   4   4   4 
    5   -    blue    555   -   5   5 
    9   -    -       999   -   -   9 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14 for case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.400 {
    SELECT *, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 NATURAL FULL JOIN t5 NATURAL FULL JOIN t6
     ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0    -      -       1000  -   -   0 
    1    -      red     -     -   1   - 
    2    alice  orange  -     2   2   - 
    3    -      yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4    bob    green   444   4   4   4 
    5    -      blue    555   -   5   5 
    6    cindy  -       -     6   -   - 
    8    dave   -       -     8   -   - 
    9    -      -       999   -   -   9 
  }

  do_execsql_test join9-$id.401 {
    SELECT *, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 NATURAL FULL JOIN t5 NATURAL FULL JOIN t6
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    0    -      -       1000  -   -   0 
    1    -      red     -     -   1   - 
    2    alice  orange  -     2   2   - 
    3    -      yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4    bob    green   444   4   4   4 
    5    -      blue    555   -   5   5 
    6    cindy  -       -     6   -   - 
    8    dave   -       -     8   -   - 
    9    -      -       999   -   -   9 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.402 {
    SELECT id, x, y, z, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t4 NATURAL FULL JOIN t6 NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    0    -      -       1000  -   -   0 
    1    -      red     -     -   1   - 
    2    alice  orange  -     2   2   - 
    3    -      yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4    bob    green   444   4   4   4 
    5    -      blue    555   -   5   5 
    6    cindy  -       -     6   -   - 
    8    dave   -       -     8   -   - 
    9    -      -       999   -   -   9 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.403 {
    SELECT id, x, y, z, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t5 NATURAL FULL JOIN t4 NATURAL FULL JOIN t6
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    0    -      -       1000  -   -   0 
    1    -      red     -     -   1   - 
    2    alice  orange  -     2   2   - 
    3    -      yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4    bob    green   444   4   4   4 
    5    -      blue    555   -   5   5 
    6    cindy  -       -     6   -   - 
    8    dave   -       -     8   -   - 
    9    -      -       999   -   -   9 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.404 {
    SELECT id, x, y, z, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t5 NATURAL FULL JOIN t6 NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    0    -      -       1000  -   -   0 
    1    -      red     -     -   1   - 
    2    alice  orange  -     2   2   - 
    3    -      yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4    bob    green   444   4   4   4 
    5    -      blue    555   -   5   5 
    6    cindy  -       -     6   -   - 
    8    dave   -       -     8   -   - 
    9    -      -       999   -   -   9 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.405 {
    SELECT id, x, y, z, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t6 NATURAL FULL JOIN t4 NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    0    -      -       1000  -   -   0 
    1    -      red     -     -   1   - 
    2    alice  orange  -     2   2   - 
    3    -      yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4    bob    green   444   4   4   4 
    5    -      blue    555   -   5   5 
    6    cindy  -       -     6   -   - 
    8    dave   -       -     8   -   - 
    9    -      -       999   -   -   9 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.406 {
    SELECT id, x, y, z, t4.id, t5.id, t6.id
      FROM t6 NATURAL FULL JOIN t5 NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
     ORDER BY id;
  } {
    0    -      -       1000  -   -   0 
    1    -      red     -     -   1   - 
    2    alice  orange  -     2   2   - 
    3    -      yellow  333   -   3   3 
    4    bob    green   444   4   4   4 
    5    -      blue    555   -   5   5 
    6    cindy  -       -     6   -   - 
    8    dave   -       -     8   -   - 
    9    -      -       999   -   -   9 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14 using case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.500 {
    SELECT id, w, x, y, z
      FROM t3 FULL JOIN t4 USING(id)
              NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
              FULL JOIN t6 USING(id)
      ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -      -      -       1000
    1   -      -      red     -   
    2   two    alice  orange  -   
    3   three  -      yellow  333 
    4   -      bob    green   444 
    5   -      -      blue    555 
    6   six    cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -      -       -   
    8   -      dave   -       -   
    9   -      -      -       999 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14 using case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.600 {
    SELECT id, w, x, y, z
       FROM t3 JOIN dual AS d1 ON true
               FULL JOIN t4 USING(id)
               JOIN dual AS d2 ON true
               NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
               JOIN dual AS d3 ON true
               FULL JOIN t6 USING(id)
               CROSS JOIN dual AS d4
      ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -      -      -       1000
    1   -      -      red     -   
    2   two    alice  orange  -   
    3   three  -      yellow  333 
    4   -      bob    green   444 
    5   -      -      blue    555 
    6   six    cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -      -       -   
    8   -      dave   -       -   
    9   -      -      -       999 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14 using case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.700 {
    SELECT id, w, x, y, z
       FROM t3 JOIN dual AS d1 ON true
               FULL JOIN t4 USING(id)
               JOIN dual AS d2 ON true
               NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
               JOIN dual AS d3 ON true
               FULL JOIN t6 USING(id)
               CROSS JOIN dual AS d4
      WHERE x<>'bob' OR x IS NULL
      ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -      -      -       1000
    1   -      -      red     -   
    2   two    alice  orange  -   
    3   three  -      yellow  333 
    5   -      -      blue    555 
    6   six    cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -      -       -   
    8   -      dave   -       -   
    9   -      -      -       999 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14 using case 1
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.800 {
    WITH t7(id,a) AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t4 WHERE false)
    SELECT *
      FROM t7 
           JOIN t7 AS t7b USING(id)
           FULL JOIN t3 USING(id);
  } {
    2   -  -  two  
    3   -  -  three
    6   -  -  six  
    7   -  -  seven
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.900 {
    SELECT *
      FROM (t3 NATURAL FULL JOIN t4)
           NATURAL FULL JOIN
           (t5 NATURAL FULL JOIN t6)
    ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -      -      -       1000
    1   -      -      red     -   
    2   two    alice  orange  -   
    3   three  -      yellow  333 
    4   -      bob    green   444 
    5   -      -      blue    555 
    6   six    cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -      -       -   
    8   -      dave   -       -   
    9   -      -      -       999 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.910 {
    SELECT *
      FROM t3 NATURAL FULL JOIN 
           (t4 NATURAL FULL JOIN
            (t5 NATURAL FULL JOIN t6))
    ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -      -      -       1000
    1   -      -      red     -   
    2   two    alice  orange  -   
    3   three  -      yellow  333 
    4   -      bob    green   444 
    5   -      -      blue    555 
    6   six    cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -      -       -   
    8   -      dave   -       -   
    9   -      -      -       999 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.920 {
    SELECT *
      FROM t3 FULL JOIN (
                t4 FULL JOIN (
                    t5 FULL JOIN t6 USING (id)
                ) USING(id)
           ) USING(id)
    ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -      -      -       1000
    1   -      -      red     -   
    2   two    alice  orange  -   
    3   three  -      yellow  333 
    4   -      bob    green   444 
    5   -      -      blue    555 
    6   six    cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -      -       -   
    8   -      dave   -       -   
    9   -      -      -       999 
  }
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.920 {
    SELECT *
      FROM t3 FULL JOIN (
                t4 FULL JOIN (
                    t5 FULL JOIN t6 USING (id)
                ) USING(id)
           ) USING(id)
    ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    0   -      -      -       1000
    1   -      -      red     -   
    2   two    alice  orange  -   
    3   three  -      yellow  333 
    4   -      bob    green   444 
    5   -      -      blue    555 
    6   six    cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -      -       -   
    8   -      dave   -       -   
    9   -      -      -       999 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.930 {
    SELECT *
      FROM t3 FULL JOIN (
               t4 FULL JOIN (
                   t5 FULL JOIN t6 USING(id)
               ) USING(id)
           ) AS j1 ON j1.id=t3.id
     ORDER BY coalesce(t3.id,j1.id);
  } {
    -   -      0   -      -       1000
    -   -      1   -      red     -   
    2   two    2   alice  orange  -   
    3   three  3   -      yellow  333 
    -   -      4   bob    green   444 
    -   -      5   -      blue    555 
    6   six    6   cindy  -       -   
    7   seven  -   -      -       -   
    -   -      8   dave   -       -   
    -   -      9   -      -       999 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.940 {
    SELECT *
      FROM t3 FULL JOIN (
                t4 RIGHT JOIN (
                    t5 FULL JOIN t6 USING(id)
                ) USING(id)
           ) AS j1 ON j1.id=t3.id
     ORDER BY coalesce(t3.id,j1.id);
  } {
    -   -      0   -      -       1000
    -   -      1   -      red     -   
    2   two    2   alice  orange  -   
    3   three  3   -      yellow  333 
    -   -      4   bob    green   444 
    -   -      5   -      blue    555 
    6   six    -   -      -       -   
    7   seven  -   -      -       -   
    -   -      9   -      -       999 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.950 {
    SELECT *
      FROM t3 FULL JOIN (
                t4 LEFT JOIN (
                    t5 FULL JOIN t6 USING(id)
                ) USING(id)
           ) AS j1 ON j1.id=t3.id
     ORDER BY coalesce(t3.id,j1.id);
  } {
    2   two    2   alice  orange  -  
    3   three  -   -      -       -  
    -   -      4   bob    green   444
    6   six    6   cindy  -       -  
    7   seven  -   -      -       -  
    -   -      8   dave   -       -  
  }

  # Restriction (27) in the query flattener
  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.1000 {
    WITH t56(id,y,z) AS (SELECT * FROM t5 FULL JOIN t6 USING(id) LIMIT 50)
    SELECT id,x,y,z FROM t4 JOIN t56 USING(id)
    ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    2   alice  orange  -  
    4   bob    green   444
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.1010 {
    SELECT id,x,y,z
      FROM t4 INNER JOIN (t5 FULL JOIN t6 USING(id)) USING(id)
     ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    2   alice  orange  -  
    4   bob    green   444
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.1020 {
    SELECT id,x,y,z
      FROM t4 FULL JOIN t5 USING(id) INNER JOIN t6 USING(id)
     ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    3   -    yellow  333
    4   bob  green   444
    5   -    blue    555
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test join9-$id.1030 {
    WITH t45(id,x,y) AS (SELECT * FROM t4 FULL JOIN t5 USING(id) LIMIT 50)
    SELECT id,x,y,z FROM t45 JOIN t6 USING(id)
    ORDER BY 1;
  } {
    3   -    yellow  333
    4   bob  green   444
    5   -    blue    555
  }

}
finish_test

# 2022-04-18
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#
# This file implements tests for RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

foreach {id schema} {
  1 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT, c INT, d INT);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INT, d INT, e INT, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t3(a INT, b INT, e INT, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t4(a INT, c INT, d INT, f INT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(11,21,31,41),(12,22,32,42),(15,25,35,45),(18,28,38,48);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(12,22,32,42),(13,23,33,43),(15,25,35,45),(17,27,37,47);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(14,24,34,44),(15,25,35,45),(16,26,36,46);
    INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(11,21,31,41),(13,23,33,43),(16,26,36,46),(19,29,39,49);
  }
  2 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b INT, c INT, d INT);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c INT, d INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, e INT, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t3(a INT, b INT, e INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t4(a INT, c INT, d INT, f INT PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID;
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(11,21,31,41),(12,22,32,42),(15,25,35,45),(18,28,38,48);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(12,22,32,42),(13,23,33,43),(15,25,35,45),(17,27,37,47);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(14,24,34,44),(15,25,35,45),(16,26,36,46);
    INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(11,21,31,41),(13,23,33,43),(16,26,36,46),(19,29,39,49);
  }
  3 {
    CREATE TABLE t1a(a INT, b INT, c INT, d INT);
    CREATE TABLE t2a(c INT, d INT, e INT, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t3a(a INT, b INT, e INT, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t4a(a INT, c INT, d INT, f INT);
    INSERT INTO t1a VALUES(11,21,31,41),(12,22,32,42);
    INSERT INTO t2a VALUES(12,22,32,42),(13,23,33,43);
    INSERT INTO t3a VALUES(14,24,34,44),(15,25,35,45);
    INSERT INTO t4a VALUES(11,21,31,41),(13,23,33,43);
    CREATE TABLE t1b(a INT, b INT, c INT, d INT);
    CREATE TABLE t2b(c INT, d INT, e INT, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t3b(a INT, b INT, e INT, f INT);
    CREATE TABLE t4b(a INT, c INT, d INT, f INT);
    INSERT INTO t1b VALUES(15,25,35,45),(18,28,38,48);
    INSERT INTO t2b VALUES(15,25,35,45),(17,27,37,47);
    INSERT INTO t3b VALUES(15,25,35,45),(16,26,36,46);
    INSERT INTO t4b VALUES(16,26,36,46),(19,29,39,49);
    CREATE VIEW t1 AS SELECT * FROM t1a UNION SELECT * FROM t1b;
    CREATE VIEW t2 AS SELECT * FROM t2a UNION SELECT * FROM t2b;
    CREATE VIEW t3 AS SELECT * FROM t3a UNION SELECT * FROM t3b;
    CREATE VIEW t4 AS SELECT * FROM t4a UNION SELECT * FROM t4b;
  }
} {
  reset_db
  db nullvalue -
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.setup $schema {}

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.100 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           INNER JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {}


  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.110 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           LEFT JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    11  21  31  41  -  -  -
    12  22  32  42  -  -  -
    15  25  35  45  -  -  -
    18  28  38  48  -  -  -
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.120 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           LEFT JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    14  24  -  -  -  44  34
    15  25  -  -  -  45  35
    16  26  -  -  -  46  36
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.130 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    11  -  21  31  -  41  -
    13  -  23  33  -  43  -
    16  -  26  36  -  46  -
    19  -  29  39  -  49  -
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.140 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           FULL JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    11  -  21  31  -  41  -
    13  -  23  33  -  43  -
    16  -  26  36  -  46  -
    19  -  29  39  -  49  -
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.150 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    11  -  21  31  -  41  -
    13  -  23  33  -  43  -
    16  -  26  36  -  46  -
    19  -  29  39  -  49  -
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.160 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    -   -  12  22  32  42  -
    -   -  13  23  33  43  -
    -   -  15  25  35  45  -
    -   -  17  27  37  47  -
    11  -  21  31  -   41  -
    13  -  23  33  -   43  -
    16  -  26  36  -   46  -
    19  -  29  39  -   49  -
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.170 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           LEFT JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    11  -   21  31  -  41  - 
    13  -   23  33  -  43  - 
    14  24  -   -   -  44  34
    15  25  -   -   -  45  35
    16  26  -   -   -  46  36
    16  -   26  36  -  46  - 
    19  -   29  39  -  49  - 
  }

  # Verified by PG-14
  do_execsql_test joinA-$id.200 {
    SELECT a,b,c,d,t2.e,f,t3.e
      FROM t1
           FULL JOIN t2 USING(c,d)
           FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b,f)
           FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,c,d,f)
    ORDER BY 1 nulls first, 3 nulls first;
  } {
    -   -   12  22  32  42  - 
    -   -   13  23  33  43  - 
    -   -   15  25  35  45  - 
    -   -   17  27  37  47  - 
    11  -   21  31  -   41  - 
    11  21  31  41  -   -   - 
    12  22  32  42  -   -   - 
    13  -   23  33  -   43  - 
    14  24  -   -   -   44  34
    15  25  -   -   -   45  35
    15  25  35  45  -   -   - 
    16  26  -   -   -   46  36
    16  -   26  36  -   46  - 
    18  28  38  48  -   -   - 
    19  -   29  39  -   49  - 
  }
}
finish_test

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
# 2022-04-19
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file implements tests for JOINs.
#
# The test case output is all generated by PostgreSQL 14.  This test module
# was created as follows:
#
#   1.   Run a TCL script (included at the bottom of this file) that
#        generates an input script for "psql" that will run man
#        diverse tests on joins.
#
#   2.   Run the script from step (1) through psql and collect the
#        output.
#
#   3.   Make a few minor global search-and-replace operations to convert
#        the psql output into a form suitable for this test module.
#
#   4.   Add this header, and the script content at the footer.
#
source $testdir/tester.tcl
db nullvalue -
db eval {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t2;
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t3;
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t4;
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t5;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT, c INT);
  CREATE TABLE t2(a INT, b INT, d INT);
  CREATE TABLE t3(a INT, b INT, e INT);
  CREATE TABLE t4(a INT, b INT, f INT);
  CREATE TABLE t5(a INT, b INT, g INT);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(11,21,31),(12,22,32),(15,25,35),(17,27,37);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(12,22,32),(13,23,33),(15,25,35),(18,28,38),
                       (NULL,NULL,36);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(11,21,31),(13,23,33),(15,25,35),(19,29,39);
  INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT * FROM t2 UNION SELECT * FROM t4;
  INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE a>=15;
}
do_execsql_test joinB-1 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-2 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-3 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-4 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-5 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-6 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-7 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-8 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-9 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-10 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-11 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-12 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-13 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-14 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-15 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-16 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-17 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-18 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-19 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-20 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-21 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-22 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-23 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-24 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-25 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-26 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-27 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-28 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-29 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-30 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-31 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-32 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-33 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-34 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-35 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-36 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-37 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-38 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-39 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-40 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-41 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-42 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-43 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-44 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-45 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-46 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-47 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-48 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-49 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-50 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-51 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-52 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-53 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-54 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-55 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-56 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-57 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-58 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-59 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-60 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-61 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-62 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-63 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-64 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-65 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-66 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-67 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-68 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-69 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-70 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-71 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-72 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-73 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-74 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-75 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-76 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-77 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-78 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-79 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-80 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-81 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-82 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-83 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-84 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-85 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-86 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-87 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-88 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-89 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-90 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-91 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-92 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-93 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-94 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-95 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-96 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-97 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-98 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-99 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-100 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-101 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-102 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-103 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-104 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-105 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-106 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-107 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-108 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-109 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-110 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-111 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-112 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-113 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-114 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-115 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-116 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-117 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-118 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-119 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-120 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-121 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-122 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-123 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-124 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-125 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-126 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-127 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  INNER JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-128 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-129 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-130 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-131 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-132 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-133 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-134 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-135 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-136 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-137 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
}
do_execsql_test joinB-138 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
}
do_execsql_test joinB-139 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
}
do_execsql_test joinB-140 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-141 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-142 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-143 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-144 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-145 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-146 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-147 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-148 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-149 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-150 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-151 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-152 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-153 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-154 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-155 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-156 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-157 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-158 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-159 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-160 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-161 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-162 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-163 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-164 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-165 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-166 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-167 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-168 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-169 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
}
do_execsql_test joinB-170 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
}
do_execsql_test joinB-171 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
}
do_execsql_test joinB-172 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-173 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-174 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-175 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-176 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-177 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-178 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-179 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-180 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-181 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-182 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-183 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-184 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-185 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-186 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-187 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-188 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-189 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-190 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-191 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  -  - 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-192 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-193 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-194 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-195 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-196 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-197 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-198 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-199 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-200 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-201 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-202 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-203 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-204 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-205 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-206 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-207 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-208 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-209 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-210 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-211 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-212 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-213 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-214 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-215 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-216 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-217 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-218 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-219 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-220 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-221 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-222 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-223 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-224 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-225 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-226 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-227 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-228 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-229 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-230 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-231 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-232 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-233 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-234 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-235 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-236 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-237 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-238 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-239 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-240 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-241 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-242 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-243 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-244 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-245 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-246 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-247 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-248 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-249 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-250 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  -  - 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-251 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-252 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  -  -  - 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-253 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-254 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  -  - 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-255 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  -  - 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  -  - 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-256 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-257 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-258 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-259 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-260 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-261 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-262 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-263 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-264 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-265 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-266 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  - 38
}
do_execsql_test joinB-267 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-268 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-269 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-270 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-271 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-272 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-273 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-274 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-275 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-276 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-277 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-278 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-279 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-280 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-281 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-282 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-283 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-284 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-285 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-286 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-287 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-288 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-289 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-290 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-291 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-292 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-293 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-294 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-295 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-296 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-297 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-298 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  - 38
}
do_execsql_test joinB-299 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-300 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-301 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-302 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-303 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-304 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-305 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-306 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-307 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-308 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-309 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-310 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-311 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-312 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-313 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-314 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-315 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-316 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-317 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-318 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-319 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  -  - 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-320 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-321 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-322 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-323 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-324 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-325 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-326 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-327 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-328 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-329 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-330 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-331 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-332 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-333 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-334 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-335 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-336 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-337 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-338 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-339 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-340 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-341 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-342 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-343 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-344 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-345 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-346 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-347 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-348 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-349 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-350 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-351 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-352 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-353 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-354 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-355 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-356 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-357 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-358 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-359 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-360 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-361 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-362 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-363 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-364 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-365 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-366 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-367 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-368 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-369 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-370 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-371 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-372 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-373 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-374 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-375 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-376 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-377 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-378 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17  -  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-379 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-380 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-381 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-382 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-383 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  RIGHT JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11  -  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-384 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-385 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-386 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-387 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-388 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-389 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-390 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-391 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-392 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-393 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-394 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
}
do_execsql_test joinB-395 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-396 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-397 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-398 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-399 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-400 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-401 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-402 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-403 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-404 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-405 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-406 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-407 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-408 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-409 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-410 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-411 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-412 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-413 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-414 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-415 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-416 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-417 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-418 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-419 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
}
do_execsql_test joinB-420 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-421 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-422 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-423 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-424 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-425 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-426 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
}
do_execsql_test joinB-427 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
}
do_execsql_test joinB-428 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-429 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-430 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  -  - 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-431 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  -  - 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-432 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-433 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-434 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-435 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-436 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-437 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-438 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-439 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-440 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-441 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-442 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-443 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-444 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  -  - 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  -  -  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-445 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-446 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  -  - 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-447 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  -  - 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-448 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-449 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-450 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-451 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-452 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-453 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-454 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-455 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-456 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-457 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-458 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-459 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-460 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-461 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-462 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-463 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-464 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-465 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-466 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-467 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-468 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-469 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-470 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-471 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-472 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-473 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-474 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-475 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-476 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-477 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-478 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-479 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-480 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-481 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-482 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-483 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-484 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  INNER JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-485 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-486 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-487 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-488 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL INNER JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-489 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-490 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-491 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-492 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-493 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-494 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-495 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-496 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-497 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-498 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-499 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-500 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
}
do_execsql_test joinB-501 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-502 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27  -  -  -  - 37
  18 28  -  -  -  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-503 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17  -  -  -  - 17
  18  -  -  -  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-504 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL RIGHT JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
do_execsql_test joinB-505 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-506 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  INNER JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE a<>13
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  - 37
  18  - 38 38  - 38
  19  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-507 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-508 {
  SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN (t2 FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)
  FULL JOIN (t4 LEFT JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)
  WHERE a<=18
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  11 31  - 31 31  -
  12 32 32 32  -  -
  13  - 33 33 33  -
  15 35 35 35 35 35
  17 37  - 37  -  -
  18  - 38 38  -  -
}
do_execsql_test joinB-509 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-510 {
  SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a,b)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a,b)
  RIGHT JOIN t5 USING(a,b)
  WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
  15 25 35 35 35 35 35
  17 27 37  - 37  - 37
  18 28  - 38 38  - 38
  19 29  -  - 39 39 39
}
do_execsql_test joinB-511 {
  SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a
  FROM t1
  FULL JOIN t2 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t3 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t4 USING(a)
  FULL JOIN t5 USING(a)
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
   -  -  -  -  -  -
   -  -  -  -  -  -
  11 11  - 11 11  -
  12 12 12 12  -  -
  13  - 13 13 13  -
  15 15 15 15 15 15
  17 17  - 17  - 17
  18  - 18 18  - 18
  19  -  - 19 19 19
}
do_execsql_test joinB-512 {
  SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g
  FROM t1
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t2
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t3
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t4
  NATURAL FULL JOIN t5
  WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17
  ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;
} {
}
finish_test

##############################################################################
# Here is the original TCL script that generated the psql input file:
#
# 
# puts "
# \\pset border off
# \\pset tuples_only on
# \\pset null -
# 
# DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
# DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t2;
# DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t3;
# DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t4;
# DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t5;
# CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT, c INT);
# CREATE TABLE t2(a INT, b INT, d INT);
# CREATE TABLE t3(a INT, b INT, e INT);
# CREATE TABLE t4(a INT, b INT, f INT);
# CREATE TABLE t5(a INT, b INT, g INT);
# INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(11,21,31),(12,22,32),(15,25,35),(17,27,37);
# INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(12,22,32),(13,23,33),(15,25,35),(18,28,38),(NULL,NULL,36);
# INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(11,21,31),(13,23,33),(15,25,35),(19,29,39);
# INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT * FROM t2 UNION SELECT * FROM t4;
# INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE a>=15;
# "
# 
# proc echo {prefix txt} {
#   regsub -all {\n} $txt \n$prefix txt
#   puts "$prefix$txt"
# }
# 
# set n 0
# set k 0
# foreach j1 {INNER LEFT RIGHT FULL} {
#   foreach j2 {INNER LEFT RIGHT FULL} {
#     foreach j3 {INNER LEFT RIGHT FULL} {
#       foreach j4 {INNER LEFT RIGHT FULL} {
# 
# incr n
# incr k
# set q1 ""
# append q1 "SELECT a, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a, t4.a, t5.a\n"
# append q1 "  FROM t1\n"
# append q1 "       $j1 JOIN t2 USING(a)\n"
# append q1 "       $j2 JOIN t3 USING(a)\n"
# append q1 "       $j3 JOIN t4 USING(a)\n"
# append q1 "       $j4 JOIN t5 USING(a)\n"
# append q1 " ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;"
# 
# echo "\\qecho " "do_execsql_test joinB-$n \{"
# echo "\\qecho X  " $q1
# echo "\\qecho " "\} \{"
# puts $q1
# echo "\\qecho " "\}"
# 
# switch [expr {$k%4}] {
#   0 {
#     set q2 ""
#     append q2 "SELECT b, c, d, e, f, g\n"
#     append q2 "  FROM t1\n"
#     append q2 "       NATURAL $j1 JOIN t2\n"
#     append q2 "       NATURAL $j2 JOIN t3\n"
#     append q2 "       NATURAL $j3 JOIN t4\n"
#     append q2 "       NATURAL $j4 JOIN t5\n"
#     append q2 " WHERE b BETWEEN 12 AND 17\n"
#     append q2 " ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;"
#     incr n
#     echo "\\qecho " "do_execsql_test joinB-$n \{"
#     echo "\\qecho X  " $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\} \{"
#     puts $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\}"
#   }
#   1 {
#     set q2 ""
#     append q2 "SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g\n"
#     append q2 "  FROM t1\n"
#     append q2 "       $j1 JOIN t2 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 "       $j2 JOIN t3 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 "       $j3 JOIN t4 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 "       $j4 JOIN t5 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 " WHERE a<>13\n"
#     append q2 " ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;"
#     incr n
#     echo "\\qecho " "do_execsql_test joinB-$n \{"
#     echo "\\qecho X  " $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\} \{"
#     puts $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\}"
#   }
#   2 {
#     set q2 ""
#     append q2 "SELECT a, c, d, e, f, g\n"
#     append q2 "  FROM t1\n"
#     append q2 "       $j1 JOIN (t2 $j2 JOIN t3 USING(a)) USING(a)\n"
#     append q2 "       $j3 JOIN (t4 $j4 JOIN t5 USING(a)) USING(a)\n"
#     append q2 " WHERE a<=18\n"
#     append q2 " ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;"
#     incr n
#     echo "\\qecho " "do_execsql_test joinB-$n \{"
#     echo "\\qecho X  " $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\} \{"
#     puts $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\}"
#   }
#   3 {
#     set q2 ""
#     append q2 "SELECT a, b, c, d, e, f, g\n"
#     append q2 "  FROM t1\n"
#     append q2 "       $j1 JOIN t2 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 "       $j2 JOIN t3 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 "       $j3 JOIN t4 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 "       $j4 JOIN t5 USING(a,b)\n"
#     append q2 " WHERE d<>33 OR d IS NULL\n"
#     append q2 " ORDER BY 1 NULLS FIRST;"
#     incr n
#     echo "\\qecho " "do_execsql_test joinB-$n \{"
#     echo "\\qecho X  " $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\} \{"
#     puts $q2
#     echo "\\qecho " "\}"
#   }
# }
# 
#       }
#     }
#   }
# }
##############################################################################