SQLite

The SELECT statement at the end of the following SQL code causes an assertion
fault if assertions are enabled, or gives the error "1st ORDER BY term out
of range - should be between 1 and 1" if asserts are disabled.

<blockquote><verbatim>
CREATE TABLE t1 (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, data TEXT);
INSERT INTO t1(id,data) VALUES(9,'nine-a');
INSERT INTO t1(id,data) VALUES(10,'ten-a');
INSERT INTO t1(id,data) VALUES(11,'eleven-a');
CREATE TABLE t2 (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, data TEXT);
INSERT INTO t2(id,data) VALUES(9,'nine-b');
INSERT INTO t2(id,data) VALUES(10,'ten-b');
INSERT INTO t2(id,data) VALUES(11,'eleven-b');

SELECT id FROM (
  SELECT id,data FROM (
     SELECT * FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM t2
  )
  WHERE id=10 ORDER BY data
);
</verbatim></blockquote>

Bisecting shows that this problem was introduced by check-in [a49e909c8738317]
on 2012-04-27 and first appeared in SQLite release 3.7.12.  The problem was
originally detected by Yuanzhong Xu and reported on the sqlite-users mailing
list.