assert( (pPatch->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 );
  if( pTarget->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ){
    jsonRemoveAllNulls(pPatch);
    return pPatch;
  }
  iRoot = iTarget;
  for(i=1; i<pPatch->n; i += jsonNodeSize(&pPatch[i+1])+1){
    int nKey;
    const char *zKey;
    assert( pPatch[i].eType==JSON_STRING );
    assert( pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
    nKey = pPatch[i].n;
    zKey = pPatch[i].u.zJContent;
    assert( (pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
    for(j=1; j<pTarget->n; j += jsonNodeSize(&pTarget[j+1])+1 ){
................................................................................
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;     /* The JSON that is being patched */
  JsonParse y;     /* The patch */
  JsonNode *pResult;   /* The result of the merge */


  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( jsonParse(&y, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1])) ){
    jsonParseReset(&x);
    return;
  }
  pResult = jsonMergePatch(&x, 0, y.aNode);
  assert( pResult!=0 || x.oom );

  assert( (pPatch->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 );
  if( pTarget->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ){
    jsonRemoveAllNulls(pPatch);
    return pPatch;
  }
  iRoot = iTarget;
  for(i=1; i<pPatch->n; i += jsonNodeSize(&pPatch[i+1])+1){
    u32 nKey;
    const char *zKey;
    assert( pPatch[i].eType==JSON_STRING );
    assert( pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
    nKey = pPatch[i].n;
    zKey = pPatch[i].u.zJContent;
    assert( (pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
    for(j=1; j<pTarget->n; j += jsonNodeSize(&pTarget[j+1])+1 ){
................................................................................
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;     /* The JSON that is being patched */
  JsonParse y;     /* The patch */
  JsonNode *pResult;   /* The result of the merge */

  UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( jsonParse(&y, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1])) ){
    jsonParseReset(&x);
    return;
  }
  pResult = jsonMergePatch(&x, 0, y.aNode);
  assert( pResult!=0 || x.oom );

  sqlite3_status64,
  sqlite3_strlike,
  sqlite3_db_cacheflush,
  /* Version 3.12.0 and later */
  sqlite3_system_errno,
  /* Version 3.14.0 and later */
  sqlite3_trace_v2,
  sqlite3_expanded_sql


};

/*
** Attempt to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
** zFile.  The entry point is zProc.  zProc may be 0 in which case a
** default entry point name (sqlite3_extension_init) is used.  Use
** of the default name is recommended.

  sqlite3_status64,
  sqlite3_strlike,
  sqlite3_db_cacheflush,
  /* Version 3.12.0 and later */
  sqlite3_system_errno,
  /* Version 3.14.0 and later */
  sqlite3_trace_v2,
  sqlite3_expanded_sql,
  /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
  sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid
};

/*
** Attempt to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
** zFile.  The entry point is zProc.  zProc may be 0 in which case a
** default entry point name (sqlite3_extension_init) is used.  Use
** of the default name is recommended.

/*
** This is the callback routine from sqlite3_exec() that appends all
** output onto the end of a ShellText object.
*/
static int captureOutputCallback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **az){
  ShellText *p = (ShellText*)pArg;
  int i;

  if( p->n ) appendText(p, "|", 0);
  for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
    if( i ) appendText(p, ",", 0);
    if( azArg[i] ) appendText(p, azArg[i], 0);
  }
  return 0;
}
................................................................................
    int i;
    ShellClearFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      if( azArg[i][0]=='-' ){
        const char *z = azArg[i]+1;
        if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
        if( strcmp(z,"preserve-rowids")==0 ){






          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);

        }else
        {
          raw_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \".dump\"\n", azArg[i]);
          rc = 1;
          goto meta_command_exit;
        }
      }else if( zLike ){

/*
** This is the callback routine from sqlite3_exec() that appends all
** output onto the end of a ShellText object.
*/
static int captureOutputCallback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **az){
  ShellText *p = (ShellText*)pArg;
  int i;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(az);
  if( p->n ) appendText(p, "|", 0);
  for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
    if( i ) appendText(p, ",", 0);
    if( azArg[i] ) appendText(p, azArg[i], 0);
  }
  return 0;
}
................................................................................
    int i;
    ShellClearFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      if( azArg[i][0]=='-' ){
        const char *z = azArg[i]+1;
        if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
        if( strcmp(z,"preserve-rowids")==0 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
          raw_printf(stderr, "The --preserve-rowids option is not compatible"
                             " with SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE\n");
          rc = 1;
          goto meta_command_exit;
#else
          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
#endif
        }else
        {
          raw_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \".dump\"\n", azArg[i]);
          rc = 1;
          goto meta_command_exit;
        }
      }else if( zLike ){

  int (*strlike)(const char*,const char*,unsigned int);
  int (*db_cacheflush)(sqlite3*);
  /* Version 3.12.0 and later */
  int (*system_errno)(sqlite3*);
  /* Version 3.14.0 and later */
  int (*trace_v2)(sqlite3*,unsigned,int(*)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),void*);
  char *(*expanded_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);


};

/*
** This is the function signature used for all extension entry points.  It
** is also defined in the file "loadext.c".
*/
typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
................................................................................
#define sqlite3_strlike                sqlite3_api->strlike
#define sqlite3_db_cacheflush          sqlite3_api->db_cacheflush
/* Version 3.12.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_system_errno           sqlite3_api->system_errno
/* Version 3.14.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_trace_v2               sqlite3_api->trace_v2
#define sqlite3_expanded_sql           sqlite3_api->expanded_sql


#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */

#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable 
  ** extension */
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api=0;
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api=v;

  int (*strlike)(const char*,const char*,unsigned int);
  int (*db_cacheflush)(sqlite3*);
  /* Version 3.12.0 and later */
  int (*system_errno)(sqlite3*);
  /* Version 3.14.0 and later */
  int (*trace_v2)(sqlite3*,unsigned,int(*)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),void*);
  char *(*expanded_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
  /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
  void (*set_last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
};

/*
** This is the function signature used for all extension entry points.  It
** is also defined in the file "loadext.c".
*/
typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
................................................................................
#define sqlite3_strlike                sqlite3_api->strlike
#define sqlite3_db_cacheflush          sqlite3_api->db_cacheflush
/* Version 3.12.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_system_errno           sqlite3_api->system_errno
/* Version 3.14.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_trace_v2               sqlite3_api->trace_v2
#define sqlite3_expanded_sql           sqlite3_api->expanded_sql
/* Version 3.18.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid  sqlite3_api->set_last_insert_rowid
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */

#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable 
  ** extension */
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api=0;
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api=v;

**   EXTRA         4                         3
**
** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
** and the one-based values are used internally.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS (PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL-1)
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
#endif

/*
** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance

**   EXTRA         4                         3
**
** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
** and the one-based values are used internally.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
#endif

/*
** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance

    pOut->u.i = ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Once P1 P2 * * *
**
** If the P1 value is equal to the P1 value on the OP_Init opcode at
** instruction 0, then jump to P2.  If the two P1 values differ, then
** set the P1 value on this opcode to equal the P1 value on the OP_Init
** and fall through.










*/
case OP_Once: {             /* jump */

  assert( p->aOp[0].opcode==OP_Init );



  VdbeBranchTaken(p->aOp[0].p1==pOp->p1, 2);
  if( p->aOp[0].p1==pOp->p1 ){
    goto jump_to_p2;


  }else{
    pOp->p1 = p->aOp[0].p1;


  }



  break;
}

/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value
** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
................................................................................
    ** variable nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
    */
    nMem = pProgram->nMem + pProgram->nCsr;
    assert( nMem>0 );
    if( pProgram->nCsr==0 ) nMem++;
    nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
              + nMem * sizeof(Mem)
              + pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor *);

    pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    if( !pFrame ){
      goto no_mem;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pRt);
    pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
    pRt->u.pFrame = pFrame;
................................................................................
  p->pAuxData = 0;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = aMem = VdbeFrameMem(pFrame);
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem];


  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
  p->anExec = 0;
#endif
  pOp = &aOp[-1];

    pOut->u.i = ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Once P1 P2 * * *
**
** Fall through to the next instruction the first time this opcode is
** encountered on each invocation of the byte-code program.  Jump to P2
** on the second and all subsequent encounters during the same invocation.
**
** Top-level programs determine first invocation by comparing the P1
** operand against the P1 operand on the OP_Init opcode at the beginning
** of the program.  If the P1 values differ, then fall through and make
** the P1 of this opcode equal to the P1 of OP_Init.  If P1 values are
** the same then take the jump.
**
** For subprograms, there is a bitmask in the VdbeFrame that determines
** whether or not the jump should be taken.  The bitmask is necessary
** because the self-altering code trick does not work for recursive
** triggers.
*/
case OP_Once: {             /* jump */
  u32 iAddr;                /* Address of this instruction */
  assert( p->aOp[0].opcode==OP_Init );
  if( p->pFrame ){
    iAddr = (int)(pOp - p->aOp);
    if( (p->pFrame->aOnce[iAddr/8] & (1<<(iAddr & 7)))!=0 ){
      VdbeBranchTaken(1, 2);

      goto jump_to_p2;
    }
    p->pFrame->aOnce[iAddr/8] |= 1<<(iAddr & 7);
  }else{
    if( p->aOp[0].p1==pOp->p1 ){
      VdbeBranchTaken(1, 2);
      goto jump_to_p2;
    }
  }
  VdbeBranchTaken(0, 2);
  pOp->p1 = p->aOp[0].p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value
** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
................................................................................
    ** variable nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
    */
    nMem = pProgram->nMem + pProgram->nCsr;
    assert( nMem>0 );
    if( pProgram->nCsr==0 ) nMem++;
    nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
              + nMem * sizeof(Mem)
              + pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor*)
              + (pProgram->nOp + 7)/8;
    pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    if( !pFrame ){
      goto no_mem;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pRt);
    pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
    pRt->u.pFrame = pFrame;
................................................................................
  p->pAuxData = 0;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = aMem = VdbeFrameMem(pFrame);
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem];
  pFrame->aOnce = (u8*)&p->apCsr[pProgram->nCsr];
  memset(pFrame->aOnce, 0, (pProgram->nOp + 7)/8);
  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
  p->anExec = 0;
#endif
  pOp = &aOp[-1];

** A sub-routine used to implement a trigger program.
*/
struct SubProgram {
  VdbeOp *aOp;                  /* Array of opcodes for sub-program */
  int nOp;                      /* Elements in aOp[] */
  int nMem;                     /* Number of memory cells required */
  int nCsr;                     /* Number of cursors required */

  void *token;                  /* id that may be used to recursive triggers */
  SubProgram *pNext;            /* Next sub-program already visited */
};

/*
** A smaller version of VdbeOp used for the VdbeAddOpList() function because
** it takes up less space.

** A sub-routine used to implement a trigger program.
*/
struct SubProgram {
  VdbeOp *aOp;                  /* Array of opcodes for sub-program */
  int nOp;                      /* Elements in aOp[] */
  int nMem;                     /* Number of memory cells required */
  int nCsr;                     /* Number of cursors required */
  u8 *aOnce;                    /* Array of OP_Once flags */
  void *token;                  /* id that may be used to recursive triggers */
  SubProgram *pNext;            /* Next sub-program already visited */
};

/*
** A smaller version of VdbeOp used for the VdbeAddOpList() function because
** it takes up less space.

struct VdbeFrame {
  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
  VdbeFrame *pParent;     /* Parent of this frame, or NULL if parent is main */
  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions for parent frame */
  i64 *anExec;            /* Event counters from parent frame */
  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells for parent frame */
  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Array of Vdbe cursors for parent frame */

  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
  AuxData *pAuxData;      /* Linked list of auxdata allocations */
  int nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
  int pc;                 /* Program Counter in parent (calling) frame */
  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */

struct VdbeFrame {
  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
  VdbeFrame *pParent;     /* Parent of this frame, or NULL if parent is main */
  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions for parent frame */
  i64 *anExec;            /* Event counters from parent frame */
  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells for parent frame */
  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Array of Vdbe cursors for parent frame */
  u8 *aOnce;              /* Bitmask used by OP_Once */
  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
  AuxData *pAuxData;      /* Linked list of auxdata allocations */
  int nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
  int pc;                 /* Program Counter in parent (calling) frame */
  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */

INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2,'');
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(3,1);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(4,2.25);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(5,'hello');
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(6,X'807f');
COMMIT;}}




# The --preserve-rowids option to .dump
#
do_test shell1-4.1.1 {
  catchcmd test.db {.dump --preserve-rowids}
} {0 {PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE t1(x);
................................................................................
} {0 {PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE t1(_ROWID_,rowid,oid);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,NULL,'alpha');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(12,'',99);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(23,1,X'b0b1b2');
COMMIT;}}


















# Test the output of ".mode insert"
#
do_test shell1-4.2.1 {
  catchcmd test.db ".mode insert t1\nselect * from t1;"
} {0 {INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('');

INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2,'');
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(3,1);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(4,2.25);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(5,'hello');
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(6,X'807f');
COMMIT;}}


ifcapable vtab {

# The --preserve-rowids option to .dump
#
do_test shell1-4.1.1 {
  catchcmd test.db {.dump --preserve-rowids}
} {0 {PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE t1(x);
................................................................................
} {0 {PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE t1(_ROWID_,rowid,oid);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,NULL,'alpha');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(12,'',99);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(23,1,X'b0b1b2');
COMMIT;}}

} else {

do_test shell1-4.1.6 {
  db close
  forcedelete test2.db
  sqlite3 db test2.db
  db eval {
    CREATE TABLE t1(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,null), (2,''), (3,1),
                         (4,2.25), (5,'hello'), (6,x'807f');
  }
  catchcmd test2.db {.dump --preserve-rowids}
} {1 {The --preserve-rowids option is not compatible with SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE}}

}


# Test the output of ".mode insert"
#
do_test shell1-4.2.1 {
  catchcmd test.db ".mode insert t1\nselect * from t1;"
} {0 {INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('');

# 2017-03-24
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice', here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix triggerG
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}

# Test cases for ticket 
# https://www.sqlite.org/src/tktview/06796225f59c057cd120f
#
# The OP_Once opcode was not working correctly for recursive triggers.
#
do_execsql_test 100 {
  PRAGMA recursive_triggers = 1;
  
  CREATE TABLE t1(a);
  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
  INSERT INTO t1(a) VALUES(0),(2),(3),(8),(9);
  CREATE TABLE t2(b);
  CREATE TABLE t3(c);
  
  CREATE TRIGGER tr AFTER INSERT ON t3 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT new.c+1 WHERE new.c<5;
    INSERT INTO t2 SELECT new.c*100+a FROM t1 WHERE a IN (1, 2, 3, 4);
  END;
  
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2);
  SELECT c FROM t3 ORDER BY c;;
} {2 3 4 5}
do_execsql_test 110 {
  SELECT b FROM t2 ORDER BY b;
} {202 203 302 303 402 403 502 503}

do_execsql_test 200 {
  DELETE FROM t1;
  INSERT INTO t1(a) VALUES(0),(2),(3),(8),(9);
  DELETE FROM t2;
  DELETE FROM t3;
  DROP TRIGGER tr;
  CREATE TRIGGER tr AFTER INSERT ON t3 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT new.c+1 WHERE new.c<5;
    INSERT INTO t2 SELECT new.c*10000+xx.a*100+yy.a
                     FROM t1 AS xx, t1 AS yy
                    WHERE xx.a IN (1,2,3,4)
                      AND yy.a IN (2,3,4,5);
  END;

  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2);
  SELECT b FROM t2 ORDER BY b;
} {20202 20203 20302 20303 30202 30203 30302 30303 40202 40203 40302 40303 50202 50203 50302 50303}

finish_test