SQLite

  double r;
  if( parseYyyyMmDd(zDate,p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(context) ){
    return setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
  }else if( sqlite3AtoF(zDate, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zDate), SQLITE_UTF8)>0 ){
    setRawDateNumber(p, r);
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

/* The julian day number for 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999 is 5373484.4999999.

      **    weekday N
      **
      ** Move the date to the same time on the next occurrence of
      ** weekday N where 0==Sunday, 1==Monday, and so forth.  If the
      ** date is already on the appropriate weekday, this is a no-op.
      */
      if( sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "weekday ", 8)==0
               && sqlite3AtoF(&z[8], &r, sqlite3Strlen30(&z[8]), SQLITE_UTF8)>0
               && (n=(int)r)==r && n>=0 && r<7 ){
        sqlite3_int64 Z;
        computeYMD_HMS(p);
        p->validTZ = 0;
        p->validJD = 0;
        computeJD(p);
        Z = ((p->iJD + 129600000)/86400000) % 7;

    case '6':
    case '7':
    case '8':
    case '9': {
      double rRounder;
      int i;
      for(n=1; z[n] && z[n]!=':' && !sqlite3Isspace(z[n]); n++){}
      if( sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, n, SQLITE_UTF8)<=0 ){
        rc = 1;
        break;
      }
      if( z[n]==':' ){
        /* A modifier of the form (+|-)HH:MM:SS.FFF adds (or subtracts) the
        ** specified number of hours, minutes, seconds, and fractional seconds
        ** to the time.  The ".FFF" may be omitted.  The ":SS.FFF" may be

    r = (double)((sqlite_int64)(r+(r<0?-0.5:+0.5)));
  }else{
    zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*f",n,r);
    if( zBuf==0 ){
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
      return;
    }
    if( sqlite3AtoF(zBuf, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zBuf), SQLITE_UTF8)<=0 ){
      assert( sqlite3_strglob("*Inf", zBuf)==0 );
      r = zBuf[0]=='-' ? -HUGE_VAL : +HUGE_VAL;
    } 
    sqlite3_free(zBuf);
  }
  sqlite3_result_double(context, r);
}

** uses the encoding enc.  The string is not necessarily zero-terminated.
**
** Return TRUE if the result is a valid real number (or integer) and FALSE
** if the string is empty or contains extraneous text.  More specifically
** return
**      1          =>  The input string is a pure integer
**      2 or more  =>  The input has a decimal point or eNNN clause
**      0 or less  =>  The input string is not a valid number
**     -1          =>  Not a valid number, but has a valid prefix which 
**                     includes a decimal point and/or an eNNN clause
**
** Valid numbers are in one of these formats:
**
**    [+-]digits[E[+-]digits]
**    [+-]digits.[digits][E[+-]digits]
**    [+-].digits[E[+-]digits]
**

    }
  }

  /* store the result */
  *pResult = result;

  /* return true if number and no extra non-whitespace chracters after */
  if( z==zEnd && nDigit>0 && eValid && eType>0 ){
    return eType;
  }else if( eType>=2 && (eType==3 || eValid) ){
    return -1;
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
#else
  return !sqlite3Atoi64(z, pResult, length, enc);
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
}

/*
** Compare the 19-character string zNum against the text representation

/*
** Convert zNum to a 64-bit signed integer.  zNum must be decimal. This
** routine does *not* accept hexadecimal notation.
**
** Returns:
**
**    -1    Not even a prefix of the input text looks like an integer
**     0    Successful transformation.  Fits in a 64-bit signed integer.
**     1    Excess non-space text after the integer value
**     2    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
**     3    Special case of 9223372036854775808
**
** length is the number of bytes in the string (bytes, not characters).
** The string is not necessarily zero-terminated.  The encoding is

    *pNum = neg ? SMALLEST_INT64 : LARGEST_INT64;
  }else if( neg ){
    *pNum = -(i64)u;
  }else{
    *pNum = (i64)u;
  }
  rc = 0;
  if( i==0 && zStart==zNum ){    /* No digits */
    rc = -1;
  }else if( nonNum ){            /* UTF16 with high-order bytes non-zero */

    rc = 1;
  }else if( &zNum[i]<zEnd ){     /* Extra bytes at the end */
    int jj = i;
    do{
      if( !sqlite3Isspace(zNum[jj]) ){
        rc = 1;          /* Extra non-space text after the integer */
        break;

*/
static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec, int bTryForInt){
  double rValue;
  u8 enc = pRec->enc;
  int rc;
  assert( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==MEM_Str );
  rc = sqlite3AtoF(pRec->z, &rValue, pRec->n, enc);
  if( rc<=0 ) return;
  if( rc==1 && alsoAnInt(pRec, rValue, &pRec->u.i) ){
    pRec->flags |= MEM_Int;
  }else{
    pRec->u.r = rValue;
    pRec->flags |= MEM_Real;
    if( bTryForInt ) sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pRec);
  }

/*
** pMem currently only holds a string type (or maybe a BLOB that we can
** interpret as a string if we want to).  Compute its corresponding
** numeric type, if has one.  Set the pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i fields
** accordingly.
*/
static u16 SQLITE_NOINLINE computeNumericType(Mem *pMem){
  int rc;
  sqlite3_int64 ix;
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 );
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 );
  ExpandBlob(pMem);
  rc = sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
  if( rc<=0 ){
    if( rc==0 && sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &ix, pMem->n, pMem->enc)<=1 ){
      pMem->u.i = ix;
      return MEM_Int;
    }else{
      return MEM_Real;
    }
  }else if( rc==1 && sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &ix, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
    pMem->u.i = ix;
    return MEM_Int;
  }
  return MEM_Real;
}

/*
** Return the numeric type for pMem, either MEM_Int or MEM_Real or both or

** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
*/
case OP_Add:                   /* same as TK_PLUS, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Subtract:              /* same as TK_MINUS, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Multiply:              /* same as TK_STAR, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Divide:                /* same as TK_SLASH, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */

  u16 flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
  u16 type1;      /* Numeric type of left operand */
  u16 type2;      /* Numeric type of right operand */
  i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
  i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
  double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
  double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  type1 = numericType(pIn1);
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  type2 = numericType(pIn2);
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  flags = pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags;
  if( (type1 & type2 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
    iA = pIn1->u.i;
    iB = pIn2->u.i;

    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:       if( sqlite3AddInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Subtract:  if( sqlite3SubInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Multiply:  if( sqlite3MulInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Divide: {
        if( iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
        if( iA==-1 && iB==SMALLEST_INT64 ) goto fp_math;

      }
    }
    pOut->u.i = iB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  }else if( (flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
    goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
  }else{

fp_math:
    rA = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1);
    rB = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn2);
    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:         rB += rA;       break;
      case OP_Subtract:    rB -= rA;       break;
      case OP_Multiply:    rB *= rA;       break;

    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
#else
    if( sqlite3IsNaN(rB) ){
      goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
    }
    pOut->u.r = rB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);



#endif
  }
  break;

arithmetic_result_is_null:
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
  break;

int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Real );
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Null );
  if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null))==0 ){
    int rc;
    sqlite3_int64 ix;
    assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 );
    assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );





    rc = sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
    if( rc<=0 ){
      if( rc==0 && sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &ix, pMem->n, pMem->enc)<=1 ){
        pMem->u.i = ix;
        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
      }else{
        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
      }
    }else if( rc==1 && sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &ix, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
      pMem->u.i = ix;
      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
    }else{
      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
    }
  }
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null))!=0 );
  pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
     ('9000000000000000001'),
     ('9000000000000000001 '),
     (' 9000000000000000001'),
     (' 9000000000000000001 ');
  SELECT * FROM t1;
} {9000000000000000001 9000000000000000001 9000000000000000001 9000000000000000001}

# 2019-06-07
# https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4c2d7639f076aa7c
do_execsql_test case-7.1 {
  SELECT CAST('-' AS NUMERIC);
} {0}
do_execsql_test case-7.2 {
  SELECT CAST('-0' AS NUMERIC);
} {0}
do_execsql_test case-7.3 {
  SELECT CAST('+' AS NUMERIC);
} {0}
do_execsql_test case-7.4 {
  SELECT CAST('/' AS NUMERIC);
} {0}

# 2019-06-07
# https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/e8bedb2a184001bb
do_execsql_test case-7.10 {
  SELECT '' - 2851427734582196970;
} {-2851427734582196970}
do_execsql_test case-7.11 {
  SELECT 0 - 2851427734582196970;
} {-2851427734582196970}
do_execsql_test case-7.12 {
  SELECT '' - 1;
} {-1}

finish_test

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-09295-61337 Casting a TEXT or BLOB value into NUMERIC
# first does a forced conversion into REAL but then further converts the
# result into INTEGER if and only if the conversion from REAL to INTEGER
# is lossless and reversible.
#
do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.1 { CAST('45'   AS NUMERIC)  } integer 45
do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.2 { CAST('45.0' AS NUMERIC)  } real 45.0
do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.3 { CAST('45.2' AS NUMERIC)  } real 45.2
do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.4 { CAST('11abc' AS NUMERIC) } integer 11
do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.5 { CAST('11.1abc' AS NUMERIC) } real 11.1

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-30347-18702 Casting a REAL or INTEGER value to NUMERIC
# is a no-op, even if a real value could be losslessly converted to an
# integer.

  SELECT typeof(CAST(x AS NUMERIC)), CAST(x AS NUMERIC)||'' FROM t1;
} [list \
 integer 9000000000000000001 \
 integer 9000000000000000001 \
 integer 9000000000000000001 \
 integer 9000000000000000001 \
 integer 9000000000000000001 \
 real 9.0e+18 \
 integer 9223372036854775807 \
 integer 9223372036854775807 \
 integer 9223372036854775807 \
 real 9.22337203685478e+18 \
 real 9.22337203685478e+18 \
 real 9.22337203685478e+18 \
 real 9.22337203685478e+18 \
 real -5.0 \
 real -5.0 \
]

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-64550-29191 Note that the result from casting any
# non-BLOB value into a BLOB and the result from casting any BLOB value
# into a non-BLOB value may be different depending on whether the
# database encoding is UTF-8, UTF-16be, or UTF-16le.
#

  SELECT '100x'+'-2y';
} {98}
do_execsql_test 4.3 {
  SELECT '100x'+'4.5y';
} {104.5}
do_execsql_test 4.4 {
  SELECT '-9223372036854775807x'-'1x';
} {-9223372036854775808}
do_execsql_test 4.5 {
  SELECT '9223372036854775806x'+'1x';
} {9223372036854775807}
do_execsql_test 4.6 {
  SELECT '1234x'/'10y', '1234x'/'10.y', '1234x'/'1e1y';
} {123 123.4 123.4}

finish_test