SQLite

** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
**
** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
** part of the build process.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.347 2008/06/21 18:02:17 mihailim Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
#define _SQLITE3_H_
#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */

/*
** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.

int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query {F12270}
**
** This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
** called in response to an user action such as pressing "Cancel"
** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
** immediately.
**
** It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.

** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. The second parameter
** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
** the particular action to be authorized. The third through sixth parameters
** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
** details about the action to be authorized.
**
** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
** SQL statements from an untrusted
** source, to ensure that the SQL statements do not try to access data
** that they are not allowed to see, or that they do not try to
** execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
**

**
** {F12283} A NULL trace callback disables tracing.
**
** {F12284} The first argument to the trace callback is a copy of
**          the pointer which was the 3rd argument to [sqlite3_trace()].
**
** {F12285} The second argument to the trace callback is a
**          zero-terminated UTF8 string containing the original text
**          of the SQL statement as it was passed into [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
**          or the equivalent, or an SQL comment indicating the beginning
**          of a trigger subprogram.
**
** {F12287} The callback function registered by [sqlite3_profile()] is invoked
**          as each SQL statement finishes.
**

** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
**
** The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
** text that describes the error, as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
** Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F12801} The [sqlite3_errcode(D)] interface returns the numeric
**          [result code] or [extended result code] for the most recently
**          failed interface call associated with the [database connection] D.
**
** {F12803} The [sqlite3_errmsg(D)] and [sqlite3_errmsg16(D)]
**          interfaces return English-language text that describes
**          the error in the mostly recently failed interface call,
**          encoded as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
**
** {F12807} The strings returned by [sqlite3_errmsg()] and [sqlite3_errmsg16()]
**          are valid until the next SQLite interface call.
**
** {F12808} Calls to API routines that do not return an error code
**          (example: [sqlite3_data_count()]) do not
**          change the error code or message returned by

** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;

/*
** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements {F13500}
** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters}
**
** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
** literals may be replaced by a parameter in one of these forms:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  ?
** <li>  ?NNN

/*
** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result {F13740}
**
** These routines provide a means to determine what column of what
** table in which database a result of a SELECT statement comes from.
** The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
** either a UTF8 or UTF16 string.  The _database_ routines return
** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
** the origin_ routines return the column name.
** The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
** again in a different encoding.
**
** The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the

**           occurs during encoding conversions, then
**           calls to [sqlite3_column_decltype(S,N)] or
**           [sqlite3_column_decltype16(S,N)] return NULL.
*/
const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);

/* 
** CAPI3REF:  Evaluate An SQL Statement {F13200}
**
** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
**
** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
** interface will continue to be supported.
**
** In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY], 
** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
** With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
**
** [SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
** database locks it needs to do its job.  If the statement is a COMMIT
** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the

** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
** following a type conversion.
**
** If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
** If the result is an UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
** If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to an UTF-8 string and returns
** the number of bytes in that string.
** The value returned does not include the zero terminator at the end
** of the string.  For clarity: the value returned is the number of
** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
**
** Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  The return

const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object {F13300}
**
** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a 
** [prepared statement]. If the statement was
** executed successfully, or not executed at all, then SQLITE_OK is returned.
** If execution of the statement failed then an 
** [error code] or [extended error code]
** is returned. 
**
** This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
** [prepared statement].  If the virtual machine has not 
** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
** encountering an error or an interrupt.  (See [sqlite3_interrupt()].) 
** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,  
** depending on the circumstances, and the 
** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F11302} The [sqlite3_finalize(S)] interface destroys the
**          [prepared statement] S and releases all
**          memory and file resources held by that object.
**
** {F11304} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
**          [prepared statement] S returned an error,
**          then [sqlite3_finalize(S)] returns that same error.
*/
int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object {F13330}
**
** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a 
** [prepared statement] object.
** back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
** Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
**
** {F11332} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
**          back to the beginning of its program.
**
** {F11334} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for 
**          [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
**          or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
**          then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
**
** {F11336} If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for
**          [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
**          [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
**
** {F11338} The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
**          of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on [prepared statement] S.
*/
int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions {F16100}
** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
**
** These two functions (collectively known as
** "function creation routines") are used to add SQL functions or aggregates
** or to redefine the behavior of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The
** difference only between the two is that the second parameter, the
** name of the (scalar) function or aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for
** sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16 for sqlite3_create_function16().
**
** The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
** function is to be added.  If a single
** program uses more than one [database connection] internally, then SQL
** functions must be added individually to each [database connection].
**
** The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created
** or redefined.
** The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes, exclusive of the 
** zero-terminator.  Note that the name length limit is in bytes, not
** characters.  Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
** will result in an SQLITE_ERROR error.
**
** The third parameter is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
** aggregate takes. If this parameter is negative, then the SQL function or
** aggregate may take any number of arguments.
**
** The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what 
** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
** its parameters.  Any SQL function implementation should be able to work
** work with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
** more efficient with one encoding than another.  It is allowed to
** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
** When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what
** text encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be
** [SQLITE_ANY].
**
** The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation
** of the function can gain access to this pointer using
** [sqlite3_user_data()].
**
** The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL
** function or aggregate. A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of
** the xFunc callback only, NULL pointers should be passed as the xStep
** and xFinal parameters. An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation
** of xStep and xFinal and NULL should be passed for xFunc. To delete an
** existing SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL for all three function
** callbacks.
**
** It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  SQLite will use
** the implementation most closely matches the way in which the
** SQL function is used.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F16103} The [sqlite3_create_function16()] interface behaves exactly
**          like [sqlite3_create_function()] in every way except that it
**          interprets the zFunctionName argument as
**          zero-terminated UTF-16 native byte order instead of as a
**          zero-terminated UTF-8.
**
** {F16106} A successful invocation of
**          the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)] interface registers
**          or replaces callback functions in [database connection] D
**          used to implement the SQL function named X with N parameters
**          and having a preferred text encoding of E.
**
** {F16109} A successful call to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
**          replaces the P, F, S, and L values from any prior calls with
**          the same D, X, N, and E values.
**

** {F16136} When calls to [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,...)]
**          specify multiple implementations of the same function X with
**          the same number of arguments N but with different
**          encodings E, then the implementation where E matches the
**          database encoding is preferred.
**
** {F16139} For an aggregate SQL function created using
**          [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,0,S,L)] the finializer
**          function L will always be invoked exactly once if the
**          step function S is called one or more times.
**
** {F16142} When SQLite invokes either the xFunc or xStep function of
**          an application-defined SQL function or aggregate created
**          by [sqlite3_create_function()] or [sqlite3_create_function16()],
**          then the array of [sqlite3_value] objects passed as the

** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
** object results in undefined behavior.
**
** These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
**
** The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF16 string
** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  The
** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
** extract UTF16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
**
** The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
** words if the value is a string that looks like a number)
** then the conversion is done.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.  The 
** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.
**
** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer that
** is returned from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].  
**
** These routines must be called from the same thread as
** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
**
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F15103} The [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] interface converts the
**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a blob and then returns a
**          pointer to the converted value.
**
** {F15106} The [sqlite3_value_bytes(V)] interface returns the
**          number of bytes in the blob or string (exclusive of the
**          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the
**          most recent call to [sqlite3_value_blob(V)] or
**          [sqlite3_value_text(V)].
**
** {F15109} The [sqlite3_value_bytes16(V)] interface returns the
**          number of bytes in the string (exclusive of the
**          zero terminator on the string) that was returned by the

**          returns the lower 32 bits of that integer.
**
** {F15118} The [sqlite3_value_int64(V)] interface converts the
**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a 64-bit signed integer and
**          returns a copy of that integer.
**
** {F15121} The [sqlite3_value_text(V)] interface converts the
**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a zero-terminated UTF-8 
**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
**
** {F15124} The [sqlite3_value_text16(V)] interface converts the
**          [protected sqlite3_value] object V into a zero-terminated 2-byte
**          aligned UTF-16 native byte order
**          string and returns a pointer to that string.
**

**          the [sqlite3_value] object V.
**
** {F15136} The [sqlite3_value_numeric_type(V)] interface converts
**          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V into either an integer or
**          a floating point value if it can do so without loss of
**          information, and returns one of [SQLITE_NULL],
**          [SQLITE_INTEGER], [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], or
**          [SQLITE_BLOB] as appropriate for
**          the [protected sqlite3_value] object V after the conversion attempt.
*/
const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context {F16210}
**
** The implementation of aggregate SQL functions use this routine to allocate
** a structure for storing their state.  

** The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context() routine is
** is called for a particular aggregate, SQLite allocates nBytes of memory
** zeros that memory, and returns a pointer to it.
** On second and subsequent calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context()
** for the same aggregate function index, the same buffer is returned.
** The implementation
** of the aggregate can use the returned buffer to accumulate data.
**
** SQLite automatically frees the allocated buffer when the aggregate
** query concludes.
**
** The first parameter should be a copy of the 
** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first
** parameter to the callback routine that implements the aggregate
** function.
**
** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
** the aggregate SQL function is running.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F16211} The first invocation of [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] for
**          a particular instance of an aggregate function (for a particular
**          context C) causes SQLite to allocation N bytes of memory,
**          zero that memory, and return a pointer to the allocated
**          memory.
**
** {F16213} If a memory allocation error occurs during
**          [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] then the function returns 0.
**
** {F16215} Second and subsequent invocations of
**          [sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N)] for the same context pointer C
**          ignore the N parameter and return a pointer to the same

** the application-defined function is running.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F16243} The [sqlite3_user_data(C)] interface returns a copy of the
**          P pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
**          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
**          registered the SQL function associated with 
**          [sqlite3_context] C.
*/
void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions {F16250}
**
** The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
** registered the application defined function.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F16253} The [sqlite3_context_db_handle(C)] interface returns a copy of the
**          D pointer from the [sqlite3_create_function(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)]
**          or [sqlite3_create_function16(D,X,N,E,P,F,S,L)] call that
**          registered the SQL function associated with 
**          [sqlite3_context] C.
*/
sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data {F16270}
**
** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
** associate meta-data with argument values. If the same value is passed to
** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
** some circumstances the associated meta-data may be preserved. This may
** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
** meta-data associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
**
** The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the meta-data
** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
** value to the application-defined function.
** If no meta-data has been ever been set for the Nth
** argument of the function, or if the corresponding function parameter
** has changed since the meta-data was set, then sqlite3_get_auxdata()
** returns a NULL pointer.
**
** The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the meta-data
** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the meta-data for the N-th
** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
** not been destroyed. 
** If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor 
** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
** the meta-data when the corresponding function parameter changes
** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
**
** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop meta-data on
** any parameter of any function at any time.  The only guarantee
** is that the destructor will be called before the metadata is
** dropped.
**
** In practice, meta-data is preserved between function calls for
** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
** values and SQL variables.
**
** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
** the SQL function is running.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F16272} The [sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N)] interface returns a pointer
**          to metadata associated with the Nth parameter of the SQL function
**          whose context is C, or NULL if there is no metadata associated
**          with that parameter.
**
** {F16274} The [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] interface assigns a metadata
**          pointer P to the Nth parameter of the SQL function with context
**          C.
**
** {F16276} SQLite will invoke the destructor D with a single argument
**          which is the metadata pointer P following a call to
**          [sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,D)] when SQLite ceases to hold
**          the metadata.
**
** {F16277} SQLite ceases to hold metadata for an SQL function parameter

void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));


/*
** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior {F10280}
**
** These are special value for the destructor that is passed in as the
** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  If the destructor
** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  The 
** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
** the content before returning.
**
** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
*/
typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)

/*
** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function {F16400}
**
** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
** for additional information.
**
** These functions work very much like the 
** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*] family of functions used
** to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
** Refer to the
** [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* documentation] for
** additional information.
**
** The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
** an application defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
** third parameter. 

** The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
** the application defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
**
** The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
** an application defined function to be a floating point value specified
** by its 2nd argument.
**
** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
** SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
** as the text of an error message.  SQLite interprets the error
** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF8. SQLite
** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF16 in native
** byte order.  If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
** message all text up through the first zero character.
** If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
** The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
** routines make a copy private copy of the error message text before
** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
** modify the text after they return without harm.
** The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  By default,
** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
**
** The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite
** to throw an error indicating that a string or BLOB is to long

** to represent.  The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface
** causes SQLite to throw an exception indicating that the a
** memory allocation failed.
**
** The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
** value given in the 2nd argument.
** The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
** value given in the 2nd argument.
**
** The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
**
** The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(), 
** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
** SQLite takes the text result from the application from
** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
** If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter 
** through the first zero character.
** If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
** function result.
** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
** function as the destructor on the text or blob result when it has
** finished using that result.
** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then
** SQLite assumes that the text or blob result is constant space and
** does not copy the space or call a destructor when it has
** finished using that result.
** If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
**
** The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
** the application-defined function to be a copy the
** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  The
** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
** so that [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
** A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
**
** If these routines are called from within the different thread 
** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F16403} The default return value from any SQL function is NULL.
**
** {F16406} The [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be a blob that is N bytes
**          in length and with content pointed to by V.
**
** {F16409} The [sqlite3_result_double(C,V)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be the floating point value V.
**
** {F16412} The [sqlite3_result_error(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
**          value of function C to be an exception with error code
**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF8 error message copied from V up to the
**          first zero byte or until N bytes are read if N is positive.
**
** {F16415} The [sqlite3_result_error16(C,V,N)] interface changes the return
**          value of function C to be an exception with error code
**          [SQLITE_ERROR] and a UTF16 native byte order error message
**          copied from V up to the first zero terminator or until N bytes
**          are read if N is positive.
**
** {F16418} The [sqlite3_result_error_toobig(C)] interface changes the return
**          value of the function C to be an exception with error code
**          [SQLITE_TOOBIG] and an appropriate error message.
**

** {F16430} The [sqlite3_result_int64(C,V)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be the 64-bit integer value V.
**
** {F16433} The [sqlite3_result_null(C)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be NULL.
**
** {F16436} The [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be the UTF8 string
**          V up to the first zero if N is negative
**          or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
**
** {F16439} The [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 native byte order
**          string V up to the first zero if N is
**          negative or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
**
** {F16442} The [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 big-endian
**          string V up to the first zero if N is
**          is negative or the first N bytes or V if N is non-negative.
**
** {F16445} The [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be the UTF16 little-endian
**          string V up to the first zero if N is
**          negative or the first N bytes of V if N is non-negative.
**
** {F16448} The [sqlite3_result_value(C,V)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be [unprotected sqlite3_value]
**          object V.
**
** {F16451} The [sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N)] interface changes the
**          return value of function C to be an N-byte blob of all zeros.
**
** {F16454} The [sqlite3_result_error()] and [sqlite3_result_error16()]
**          interfaces make a copy of their error message strings before
**          returning.
**
** {F16457} If the D destructor parameter to [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)],
**          [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)], [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)],

**          [SQLITE_TRANSIENT] then the interfaces makes a copy of the
**          content of V and retains the copy.
**
** {F16463} If the D destructor parameter to [sqlite3_result_blob(C,V,N,D)],
**          [sqlite3_result_text(C,V,N,D)], [sqlite3_result_text16(C,V,N,D)],
**          [sqlite3_result_text16be(C,V,N,D)], or
**          [sqlite3_result_text16le(C,V,N,D)] is some value other than
**          the constants [SQLITE_STATIC] and [SQLITE_TRANSIENT] then 
**          SQLite will invoke the destructor D with V as its only argument
**          when it has finished with the V value.
*/
void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);

void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences {F16600}
**
** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
** [sqlite3*] handle specified as the first argument. 
**
** The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). In all cases
** the name is passed as the second function argument.
**
** The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
** UTF-16 little-endian or UTF-16 big-endian respectively. The
** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] to indicate that
** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
** of UTF16 in the native byte order of the host computer.
**
** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
** argument.  If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
** Each time the application
** supplied function is invoked, it is passed a copy of the void* passed as
** the fourth argument to sqlite3_create_collation() or
** sqlite3_create_collation16() as its first parameter.
**
** The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
** registered. {END} The application defined collation routine should
** return negative, zero or positive if
** the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second
** string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
**
** The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
** the collation.  The destructor is called when the collation is
** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
** Collations are destroyed when
** they are overridden by later calls to the collation creation functions
** or when the [sqlite3*] database handle is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
**
** INVARIANTS:
**
** {F16603} A successful call to the
**          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] interface
**          registers function F as the comparison function used to
**          implement collation X on [database connection] B for
**          databases having encoding E.
**
** {F16604} SQLite understands the X parameter to
**          [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)] as a zero-terminated
**          UTF-8 string in which case is ignored for ASCII characters and
**          is significant for non-ASCII characters.
**
** {F16606} Successive calls to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
**          with the same values for B, X, and E, override prior values
**          of P, F, and D.
**
** {F16609} The destructor D in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
**          is not NULL then it is called with argument P when the
**          collating function is dropped by SQLite.
**
** {F16612} A collating function is dropped when it is overloaded.
**
** {F16615} A collating function is dropped when the database connection
**          is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
**
** {F16618} The pointer P in [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)]
**          is passed through as the first parameter to the comparison
**          function F for all subsequent invocations of F.
**
** {F16621} A call to [sqlite3_create_collation(B,X,E,P,F)] is exactly
**          the same as a call to [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()] with
**          the same parameters and a NULL destructor.
**
** {F16624} Following a [sqlite3_create_collation_v2(B,X,E,P,F,D)],
**          SQLite uses the comparison function F for all text comparison
**          operations on [database connection] B on text values that
**          use the collating sequence name X.
**
** {F16627} The [sqlite3_create_collation16(B,X,E,P,F)] works the same
**          as [sqlite3_create_collation(B,X,E,P,F)] except that the
**          collation name X is understood as UTF-16 in native byte order
**          instead of UTF-8.
**
** {F16630} When multiple comparison functions are available for the same