SQLite

** 14 bits - BA
** 21 bits - BBA
** and so on.
**
** This is similar in concept to how sqlite encodes "varints" but
** the encoding is not the same.  SQLite varints are big-endian
** are are limited to 9 bytes in length whereas FTS3 varints are
** little-endian and can be up to 10 bytes in length (in theory).
**
** Example encodings:
**
**     1:    0x01
**   127:    0x7f
**   128:    0x81 0x00
**
**
**** Document lists ****
** A doclist (document list) holds a docid-sorted list of hits for a
** given term.  Doclists hold docids and associated token positions.
** A docid is the unique integer identifier for a single document.
** A position is the index of a word within the document.  The first 
** word of the document has a position of 0.
**
** FTS3 used to optionally store character offsets using a compile-time
** option.  But that functionality is no longer supported.
**
** A doclist is stored like this:
**
** array {
**   varint docid;
**   array {                (position list for column 0)
**     varint position;     (2 more than the delta from previous position)
**   }
**   array {
**     varint POS_COLUMN;   (marks start of position list for new column)
**     varint column;       (index of new column)
**     array {
**       varint position;   (2 more than the delta from previous position)
**     }
**   }
**   varint POS_END;        (marks end of positions for this document.
** }
**
** Here, array { X } means zero or more occurrences of X, adjacent in
** memory.  A "position" is an index of a token in the token stream
** generated by the tokenizer. Note that POS_END and POS_COLUMN occur 
** in the same logical place as the position element, and act as sentinals
** ending a position list array.  POS_END is 0.  POS_COLUMN is 1.
** The positions numbers are not stored literally but rather as two more
** than the difference from the prior position, or the just the position plus
** 2 for the first position.  Example:
**
**   label:       A B C D E  F  G H   I  J K
**   value:     123 5 9 1 1 14 35 0 234 72 0
**
** The 123 value is the first docid.  For column zero in this document
** there are two matches at positions 3 and 10 (5-2 and 9-2+3).  The 1
** at D signals the start of a new column; the 1 at E indicates that the
** new column is column number 1.  There are two positions at 12 and 45
** (14-2 and 35-2+12).  The 0 at H indicate the end-of-document.  The
** 234 at I is the next docid.  It has one position 72 (72-2) and then
** terminates with the 0 at K.
**
** A "position-list" is the list of positions for multiple columns for
** a single docid.  A "column-list" is the set of positions for a single
** column.  Hence, a position-list consists of one or more column-lists,
** a document record consists of a docid followed by a position-list and
** a doclist consists of one or more document records.
**


** A bare doclist omits the position information, becoming an 
** array of varint-encoded docids.
**
**** Segment leaf nodes ****
** Segment leaf nodes store terms and doclists, ordered by term.  Leaf
** nodes are written using LeafWriter, and read using LeafReader (to
** iterate through a single leaf node's data) and LeavesReader (to
** iterate through a segment's entire leaf layer).  Leaf nodes have
** the format:

#include "fts3.h"
#ifndef SQLITE_CORE 
# include "sqlite3ext.h"
  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#endif

/*
** The testcase() macro is only used by the amalgamation.  If undefined,
** make it a no-op.
*/
#ifndef testcase
# define testcase(X)
#endif

/*
** Terminator values for position-lists and column-lists.
*/
#define POS_COLUMN  (1)     /* Column-list terminator */
#define POS_END     (0)     /* Position-list terminator */ 

/* 
** Write a 64-bit variable-length integer to memory starting at p[0].
** The length of data written will be between 1 and FTS3_VARINT_MAX bytes.
** The number of bytes written is returned.
*/
int sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(char *p, sqlite_int64 v){
  unsigned char *q = (unsigned char *) p;

 sqlite_int64 i;
 int ret = sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(p, &i);
 *pi = (int) i;
 return ret;
}

/*
** Return the number of bytes required to encode v as a varint

*/
int sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(sqlite3_uint64 v){
  int i = 0;
  do{
    i++;
    v >>= 7;
  }while( v!=0 );

    }
    z[iOut] = '\0';
  }
}

/*
** Read a single varint from the doclist at *pp and advance *pp to point
** to the first byte past the end of the varint.  Add the value of the varint
** to *pVal.
*/
static void fts3GetDeltaVarint(char **pp, sqlite3_int64 *pVal){
  sqlite3_int64 iVal;
  *pp += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(*pp, &iVal);
  *pVal += iVal;
}

  return rc;
}

/*
** Create the backing store tables (%_content, %_segments and %_segdir)
** required by the FTS3 table passed as the only argument. This is done
** as part of the vtab xCreate() method.
**
** If the p->bHasDocsize boolean is true (indicating that this is an
** FTS4 table, not an FTS3 table) then also create the %_docsize and
** %_stat tables required by FTS4.
*/
static int fts3CreateTables(Fts3Table *p){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
  char *zContentCols;             /* Columns of %_content table */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;            /* The database connection */

/*
** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
** methods of the FTS3 virtual table.
**
** The argv[] array contains the following:
**
**   argv[0]   -> module name  ("fts3" or "fts4")
**   argv[1]   -> database name
**   argv[2]   -> table name
**   argv[...] -> "column name" and other module argument fields.
*/
static int fts3InitVtab(
  int isCreate,                   /* True for xCreate, false for xConnect */
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* The SQLite database connection */
  void *pAux,                     /* Hash table containing tokenizers */
  int argc,                       /* Number of elements in argv array */
  const char * const *argv,       /* xCreate/xConnect argument array */
  sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab,          /* Write the resulting vtab structure here */
  char **pzErr                    /* Write any error message here */
){
  Fts3Hash *pHash = (Fts3Hash *)pAux;
  Fts3Table *p;                   /* Pointer to allocated vtab */
  int rc;                         /* Return code */
  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
  int nByte;                      /* Size of allocation used for *p */
  int iCol;                       /* Column index */
  int nString = 0;                /* Bytes required to hold all column names */
  int nCol = 0;                   /* Number of columns in the FTS table */
  char *zCsr;                     /* Space for holding column names */
  int nDb;                        /* Bytes required to hold database name */
  int nName;                      /* Bytes required to hold table name */

  const char *zTokenizer = 0;               /* Name of tokenizer to use */
  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = 0;        /* Tokenizer for this table */

  nDb = (int)strlen(argv[1]) + 1;
  nName = (int)strlen(argv[2]) + 1;
  for(i=3; i<argc; i++){

  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aMatchinfo);
  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Position the pCsr->pStmt statement so that it is on the row
** of the %_content table that contains the last match.  Return
** SQLITE_OK on success.  
*/
static int fts3CursorSeek(sqlite3_context *pContext, Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
  if( pCsr->isRequireSeek ){
    pCsr->isRequireSeek = 0;
    sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 1, pCsr->iPrevId);
    if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt) ){
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }else{

      return rc;
    }
  }else{
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
}

/*
** Advance the cursor to the next row in the %_content table that
** matches the search criteria.  For a MATCH search, this will be
** the next row that matches.  For a full-table scan, this will be
** simply the next row in the %_content table.  For a docid lookup,
** this routine simply sets the EOF flag.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK if nothing goes wrong.  SQLITE_OK is returned
** even if we reach end-of-file.  The fts3EofMethod() will be called
** subsequently to determine whether or not an EOF was hit.
*/
static int fts3NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *)pCursor;

  if( pCsr->aDoclist==0 ){
    if( SQLITE_ROW!=sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt) ){
      pCsr->isEof = 1;

  *piPrev = iVal;
}

/*
** When this function is called, *ppPoslist is assumed to point to the 
** start of a position-list. After it returns, *ppPoslist points to the
** first byte after the position-list.
**
** A position list is list of positions (delta encoded) and columns for 
** a single document record of a doclist.  So, in other words, this
** routine advances *ppPoslist so that it points to the next docid in
** the doclist, or to the first byte past the end of the doclist.
**
** If pp is not NULL, then the contents of the position list are copied
** to *pp. *pp is set to point to the first byte past the last byte copied
** before this function returns.
*/
static void fts3PoslistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
  char *pEnd = *ppPoslist;
  char c = 0;

  /* The end of a position list is marked by a zero encoded as an FTS3 
  ** varint. A single POS_END (0) byte. Except, if the 0 byte is preceded by
  ** a byte with the 0x80 bit set, then it is not a varint 0, but the tail
  ** of some other, multi-byte, value.
  **
  ** The following while-loop moves pEnd to point to the first byte that is not 
  ** immediately preceded by a byte with the 0x80 bit set. Then increments
  ** pEnd once more so that it points to the byte immediately following the
  ** last byte in the position-list.
  */
  while( *pEnd | c ){
    c = *pEnd++ & 0x80;
    testcase( c!=0 && (*pEnd)==0 );
  }
  pEnd++;  /* Advance past the POS_END terminator byte */

  if( pp ){
    int n = (int)(pEnd - *ppPoslist);
    char *p = *pp;
    memcpy(p, *ppPoslist, n);
    p += n;
    *pp = p;
  }
  *ppPoslist = pEnd;
}

/*
** When this function is called, *ppPoslist is assumed to point to the 
** start of a column-list. After it returns, *ppPoslist points to the
** to the terminator (POS_COLUMN or POS_END) byte of the column-list.
**
** A column-list is list of delta-encoded positions for a single column
** within a single document within a doclist.
**
** The column-list is terminated either by a POS_COLUMN varint (1) or
** a POS_END varint (0).  This routine leaves *ppPoslist pointing to
** the POS_COLUMN or POS_END that terminates the column-list.
**
** If pp is not NULL, then the contents of the column-list are copied
** to *pp. *pp is set to point to the first byte past the last byte copied
** before this function returns.  The POS_COLUMN or POS_END terminator
** is not copied into *pp.
*/
static void fts3ColumnlistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
  char *pEnd = *ppPoslist;
  char c = 0;

  /* A column-list is terminated by either a 0x01 or 0x00 byte that is
  ** not part of a multi-byte varint.
  */
  while( 0xFE & (*pEnd | c) ){
    c = *pEnd++ & 0x80;
    testcase( c!=0 && ((*pEnd)&0xfe)==0 );
  }
  if( pp ){
    int n = (int)(pEnd - *ppPoslist);
    char *p = *pp;
    memcpy(p, *ppPoslist, n);
    p += n;
    *pp = p;
  }
  *ppPoslist = pEnd;
}

/*
** Value used to signify the end of an position-list. This is safe because
** it is not possible to have a document with 2^31 terms.
*/
#define POSITION_LIST_END 0x7fffffff

/*
** This function is used to help parse position-lists. When this function is
** called, *pp may point to the start of the next varint in the position-list
** being parsed, or it may point to 1 byte past the end of the position-list
** (in which case **pp will be a terminator bytes POS_END (0) or
** (1)).
**
** If *pp points past the end of the current position-list, set *pi to 
** POSITION_LIST_END and return. Otherwise, read the next varint from *pp,
** increment the current value of *pi by the value read, and set *pp to
** point to the next value before returning.
**
** Before calling this routine *pi must be initialized to the value of
** the previous position, or zero if we are reading the first position
** in the position-list.  Because positions are delta-encoded, the value
** of the previous position is needed in order to compute the value of
** the next position.
*/
static void fts3ReadNextPos(
  char **pp,                    /* IN/OUT: Pointer into position-list buffer */
  sqlite3_int64 *pi             /* IN/OUT: Value read from position-list */
){
  if( (**pp)&0xFE ){
    fts3GetDeltaVarint(pp, pi);
    *pi -= 2;
  }else{
    *pi = POSITION_LIST_END;
  }
}

/*
** If parameter iCol is not 0, write an POS_COLUMN (1) byte followed by
** the value of iCol encoded as a varint to *pp.   This will start a new
** column list.
**
** Set *pp to point to the byte just after the last byte written before 
** returning (do not modify it if iCol==0). Return the total number of bytes
** written (0 if iCol==0).
*/
static int fts3PutColNumber(char **pp, int iCol){
  int n = 0;                      /* Number of bytes written */
  if( iCol ){
    char *p = *pp;                /* Output pointer */
    n = 1 + sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&p[1], iCol);
    *p = 0x01;
    *pp = &p[n];
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Compute the union of two position lists.  The output written
** into *pp contains all positions of both *pp1 and *pp2 in sorted
** order and with any duplicates removed.  All pointers are
** updated appropriately.   The caller is responsible for insuring
** that there is enough space in *pp to hold the complete output.
*/
static void fts3PoslistMerge(
  char **pp,                      /* Output buffer */
  char **pp1,                     /* Left input list */
  char **pp2                      /* Right input list */
){
  char *p = *pp;
  char *p1 = *pp1;
  char *p2 = *pp2;

  while( *p1 || *p2 ){
    int iCol1;         /* The current column index in pp1 */
    int iCol2;         /* The current column index in pp2 */

    if( *p1==POS_COLUMN ) sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(&p1[1], &iCol1);
    else if( *p1==POS_END ) iCol1 = POSITION_LIST_END;
    else iCol1 = 0;

    if( *p2==POS_COLUMN ) sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(&p2[1], &iCol2);
    else if( *p2==POS_END ) iCol2 = POSITION_LIST_END;
    else iCol2 = 0;

    if( iCol1==iCol2 ){
      sqlite3_int64 i1 = 0;       /* Last position from pp1 */
      sqlite3_int64 i2 = 0;       /* Last position from pp2 */
      sqlite3_int64 iPrev = 0;
      int n = fts3PutColNumber(&p, iCol1);
      p1 += n;
      p2 += n;

      /* At this point, both p1 and p2 point to the start of column-lists
      ** for the same column (the column with index iCol1 and iCol2).
      ** A column-list is a list of non-negative delta-encoded varints, each 
      ** incremented by 2 before being stored. Each list is terminated by a
      ** POS_END (0) or POS_COLUMN (1). The following block merges the two lists
      ** and writes the results to buffer p. p is left pointing to the byte
      ** after the list written. No terminator (POS_END or POS_COLUMN) is
      ** written to the output.
      */
      fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p1, &i1);
      fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p2, &i2);
      do {
        fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, (i1<i2) ? i1 : i2); 
        iPrev -= 2;
        if( i1==i2 ){
          fts3ReadNextPos(&p1, &i1);
          fts3ReadNextPos(&p2, &i2);
        }else if( i1<i2 ){
          fts3ReadNextPos(&p1, &i1);
        }else{
          fts3ReadNextPos(&p2, &i2);
        }
      }while( i1!=POSITION_LIST_END || i2!=POSITION_LIST_END );
    }else if( iCol1<iCol2 ){
      p1 += fts3PutColNumber(&p, iCol1);
      fts3ColumnlistCopy(&p, &p1);
    }else{
      p2 += fts3PutColNumber(&p, iCol2);
      fts3ColumnlistCopy(&p, &p2);
    }
  }

  *p++ = POS_END;
  *pp = p;
  *pp1 = p1 + 1;
  *pp2 = p2 + 1;
}

/*
** nToken==1 searches for adjacent positions.