0,                         /* szScratch */
   0,                         /* nScratch */
   (void*)0,                  /* pPage */
   0,                         /* szPage */
   0,                         /* nPage */
   0,                         /* mxParserStack */
   0,                         /* sharedCacheEnabled */

   /* All the rest should always be initialized to zero */
   0,                         /* isInit */
   0,                         /* inProgress */
   0,                         /* isMutexInit */
   0,                         /* isMallocInit */
   0,                         /* isPCacheInit */
   0,                         /* pInitMutex */

   0,                         /* szScratch */
   0,                         /* nScratch */
   (void*)0,                  /* pPage */
   0,                         /* szPage */
   0,                         /* nPage */
   0,                         /* mxParserStack */
   0,                         /* sharedCacheEnabled */
   SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, /* nWorker */
   /* All the rest should always be initialized to zero */
   0,                         /* isInit */
   0,                         /* inProgress */
   0,                         /* isMutexInit */
   0,                         /* isMallocInit */
   0,                         /* isPCacheInit */
   0,                         /* pInitMutex */

#if SQLITE_OS_WIN && defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC)
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE: {
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }
#endif








    default: {
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      break;
    }
  }
  va_end(ap);

#if SQLITE_OS_WIN && defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC)
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE: {
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }
#endif

    case SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS: {
      int n = va_arg(ap, int);
      if( n>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS ) n = SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS;
      if( n>=0 ) sqlite3GlobalConfig.nWorker = n;
      break;
    }

    default: {
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      break;
    }
  }
  va_end(ap);

** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
** </dl>










*/
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
................................................................................
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */


/*
** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
**
** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
**

** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
** </dl>
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS]]
** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS
** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS takes a single argument of type int.
** It is used to set the number of background worker threads that may be
** launched when sorting large amounts of data. A value of 0 means launch 
** no background threads at all. The maximum number of background threads 
** allowed is configured at build-time by the SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 
** pre-processor option. 
** </dl>
*/
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
................................................................................
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS      24  /* int nWorker */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
**
** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
**

** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
** on the command-line
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
#endif














/*
** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
** ourselves.
*/
#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
................................................................................
  int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
  int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
  void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
  int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
  int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
  int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
  int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */

  /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
  ** initially be zero, however. */
  int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
  int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
  int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
  int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
  int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */

** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
** on the command-line
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
#endif

/*
** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it 
** to zero.
*/
#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3
# undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
# define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
#endif


/*
** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
** ourselves.
*/
#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
................................................................................
  int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
  int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
  void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
  int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
  int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
  int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
  int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
  int nWorker;                      /* Number of worker threads to use */
  /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
  ** initially be zero, however. */
  int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
  int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
  int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
  int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
  int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */

** or sqlite3ThreadJoin() call.  This is, in fact, what happens in
** single threaded systems.  Nothing in SQLite requires multiple threads.
** This interface exists so that applications that want to take advantage
** of multiple cores can do so, while also allowing applications to stay
** single-threaded if desired.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"



/********************************* Unix Pthreads ****************************/
#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0

#define SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED 1  /* Prevent the single-thread code below */
#include <pthread.h>

................................................................................
  }
  sqlite3_free(p);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED) */
/****************************** End Single-Threaded *************************/

** or sqlite3ThreadJoin() call.  This is, in fact, what happens in
** single threaded systems.  Nothing in SQLite requires multiple threads.
** This interface exists so that applications that want to take advantage
** of multiple cores can do so, while also allowing applications to stay
** single-threaded if desired.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0

/********************************* Unix Pthreads ****************************/
#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0

#define SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED 1  /* Prevent the single-thread code below */
#include <pthread.h>

................................................................................
  }
  sqlite3_free(p);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED) */
/****************************** End Single-Threaded *************************/
#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0 */

typedef struct VdbeSorterIter VdbeSorterIter;
typedef struct SorterThread SorterThread;
typedef struct SorterRecord SorterRecord;
typedef struct SorterMerger SorterMerger;
typedef struct FileWriter FileWriter;


/*
** Maximum number of threads to use. Setting this value to 1 forces all
** operations to be single-threaded.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD
# define SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD 4
#endif

/*
** Candidate values for SorterThread.eWork
*/
#define SORTER_THREAD_SORT   1
#define SORTER_THREAD_TO_PMA 2
#define SORTER_THREAD_CONS   3

................................................................................
/*
** Much of the work performed in this module to sort the list of records is 
** broken down into smaller units that may be peformed in parallel. In order
** to perform such a unit of work, an instance of the following structure
** is configured and passed to vdbeSorterThreadMain() - either directly by 
** the main thread or via a background thread.
**
** Exactly SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD instances of this structure are allocated
** as part of each VdbeSorter object. Instances are never allocated any other
** way.

**
** When a background thread is launched to perform work, SorterThread.bDone
** is set to 0 and the SorterThread.pThread variable set to point to the
** thread handle. SorterThread.bDone is set to 1 (to indicate to the main
** thread that joining SorterThread.pThread will not block) before the thread
** exits. SorterThread.pThread and bDone are always cleared after the 
** background thread has been joined.
**
** One object (specifically, VdbeSorter.aThread[SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD-1])
** is reserved for the foreground thread.
**
** The nature of the work performed is determined by SorterThread.eWork,
** as follows:
**
**   SORTER_THREAD_SORT:
**     Sort the linked list of records at SorterThread.pList.
................................................................................
  int mxPmaSize;                  /* Maximum PMA size, in bytes.  0==no limit */
  int bUsePMA;                    /* True if one or more PMAs created */
  SorterRecord *pRecord;          /* Head of in-memory record list */
  SorterMerger *pMerger;          /* For final merge of PMAs (by caller) */ 
  u8 *aMemory;                    /* Block of memory to alloc records from */
  int iMemory;                    /* Offset of first free byte in aMemory */
  int nMemory;                    /* Size of aMemory allocation in bytes */

  SorterThread aThread[SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD];
};

/*
** The following type is an iterator for a PMA. It caches the current key in 
** variables nKey/aKey. If the iterator is at EOF, pFile==0.
*/
struct VdbeSorterIter {
................................................................................

  if( p1->pFile==0 ){
    iRes = i2;
  }else if( p2->pFile==0 ){
    iRes = i1;
  }else{
    int res;
    assert( pThread->pUnpacked!=0 );  /* allocated in vdbeSorterMerge() */
    vdbeSorterCompare(
        pThread, 0, p1->aKey, p1->nKey, p2->aKey, p2->nKey, &res
    );
    if( res<=0 ){
      iRes = i1;
    }else{
      iRes = i2;
................................................................................
int sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(sqlite3 *db, VdbeCursor *pCsr){
  int pgsz;                       /* Page size of main database */
  int i;                          /* Used to iterate through aThread[] */
  int mxCache;                    /* Cache size */
  VdbeSorter *pSorter;            /* The new sorter */
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;              /* Copy of pCsr->pKeyInfo with db==0 */
  int szKeyInfo;                  /* Size of pCsr->pKeyInfo in bytes */

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;


  assert( pCsr->pKeyInfo && pCsr->pBt==0 );
  szKeyInfo = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nField-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*);


  pSorter = (VdbeSorter*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(VdbeSorter)+szKeyInfo);
  pCsr->pSorter = pSorter;
  if( pSorter==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    pKeyInfo = (KeyInfo*)&pSorter[1];
    memcpy(pKeyInfo, pCsr->pKeyInfo, szKeyInfo);
    pKeyInfo->db = 0;
    pgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt);

    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD; i++){

      SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
      pThread->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
      pThread->pVfs = db->pVfs;
      pThread->pgsz = pgsz;
    }

    if( !sqlite3TempInMemory(db) ){
................................................................................
    pThread->pTemp1 = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Join all threads.  
*/

static int vdbeSorterJoinAll(VdbeSorter *pSorter, int rcin){
  int rc = rcin;
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD; i++){
    SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
    if( pThread->pThread ){
      void *pRet;
      int rc2 = sqlite3ThreadJoin(pThread->pThread, &pRet);
      pThread->pThread = 0;
      pThread->bDone = 0;
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pRet);
    }
  }
  return rc;
}




/*
** Allocate a new SorterMerger object with space for nIter iterators.
*/
static SorterMerger *vdbeSorterMergerNew(int nIter){
  int N = 2;                      /* Smallest power of two >= nIter */
  int nByte;                      /* Total bytes of space to allocate */
................................................................................

/*
** Reset a sorting cursor back to its original empty state.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *db, VdbeSorter *pSorter){
  int i;
  vdbeSorterJoinAll(pSorter, SQLITE_OK);
  for(i=0; i<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD; i++){
    SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
    vdbeSorterThreadCleanup(db, pThread);
  }
  if( pSorter->aMemory==0 ){
    vdbeSorterRecordFree(0, pSorter->pRecord);
  }
  vdbeSorterMergerReset(pSorter->pMerger);
................................................................................
static int vdbeSorterFlushPMA(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr, int bFg){
  VdbeSorter *pSorter = pCsr->pSorter;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int i;
  SorterThread *pThread;        /* Thread context used to create new PMA */

  pSorter->bUsePMA = 1;
  for(i=0; ALWAYS( i<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD ); i++){
    pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];

    if( pThread->bDone ){
      void *pRet;
      assert( pThread->pThread );
      rc = sqlite3ThreadJoin(pThread->pThread, &pRet);
      pThread->pThread = 0;
      pThread->bDone = 0;
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pRet);
      }
    }

    if( pThread->pThread==0 ) break;
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int bUseFg = (bFg || i==(SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD-1));

    assert( pThread->pThread==0 && pThread->bDone==0 );
    pThread->eWork = SORTER_THREAD_TO_PMA;
    pThread->pList = pSorter->pRecord;
    pThread->nInMemory = pSorter->nInMemory;
    pSorter->nInMemory = 0;
    pSorter->pRecord = 0;
................................................................................

    if( pSorter->aMemory ){
      u8 *aMem = pThread->aListMemory;
      pThread->aListMemory = pSorter->aMemory;
      pSorter->aMemory = aMem;
    }


    if( bUseFg==0 ){
      /* Launch a background thread for this operation */
      void *pCtx = (void*)pThread;
      assert( pSorter->aMemory==0 || pThread->aListMemory!=0 );
      if( pThread->aListMemory ){
        if( pSorter->aMemory==0 ){
          pSorter->aMemory = sqlite3Malloc(pSorter->nMemory);
          if( pSorter->aMemory==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
        }else{
          pSorter->nMemory = sqlite3MallocSize(pSorter->aMemory);
        }
      }
      rc = sqlite3ThreadCreate(&pThread->pThread, vdbeSorterThreadMain, pCtx);
    }else{


      /* Use the foreground thread for this operation */
      u8 *aMem;
      rc = vdbeSorterRunThread(pThread);
      aMem = pThread->aListMemory;
      pThread->aListMemory = pSorter->aMemory;
      pSorter->aMemory = aMem;
    }
................................................................................
      int nNew = pSorter->nMemory * 2;
      while( nNew < nMin ) nNew = nNew*2;
      if( nNew > pSorter->mxPmaSize ) nNew = pSorter->mxPmaSize;
      if( nNew < nMin ) nNew = nMin;

      aNew = sqlite3Realloc(pSorter->aMemory, nNew);
      if( !aNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;

      pSorter->pRecord = aNew + ((u8*)pSorter->pRecord - pSorter->aMemory);

      pSorter->aMemory = aNew;
      pSorter->nMemory = nNew;
    }

    pNew = (SorterRecord*)&pSorter->aMemory[pSorter->iMemory];
    pSorter->iMemory += ROUND8(nReq);
    pNew->u.iNext = (u8*)(pSorter->pRecord) - pSorter->aMemory;
................................................................................

/*
** Return the total number of PMAs in all temporary files.
*/
static int vdbeSorterCountPMA(VdbeSorter *pSorter){
  int nPMA = 0;
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD; i++){
    nPMA += pSorter->aThread[i].nPMA;
  }
  return nPMA;
}

/*
** Once the sorter has been populated, this function is called to prepare
................................................................................
  }

  /* Join all threads */
  rc = vdbeSorterJoinAll(pSorter, rc);

  /* If there are more than SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT PMAs on disk, merge
  ** some of them together so that this is no longer the case. */
  assert( SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT>=SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD );
  if( vdbeSorterCountPMA(pSorter)>SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD; i++){
      SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
      if( pThread->pTemp1 ){
        pThread->nConsolidate = SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT/SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD;
        pThread->eWork = SORTER_THREAD_CONS;


        if( i<(SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD-1) ){
          void *pCtx = (void*)pThread;
          rc = sqlite3ThreadCreate(&pThread->pThread,vdbeSorterThreadMain,pCtx);
        }else{


          rc = vdbeSorterRunThread(pThread);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /* Join all threads */
................................................................................
  /* Assuming no errors have occurred, set up a merger structure to read
  ** and merge all remaining PMAs.  */
  assert( pSorter->pMerger==0 );
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int nIter = 0;                /* Number of iterators used */
    int i;
    SorterMerger *pMerger;
    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD; i++){
      nIter += pSorter->aThread[i].nPMA;
    }

    pSorter->pMerger = pMerger = vdbeSorterMergerNew(nIter);
    if( pMerger==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      int iIter = 0;
      int iThread = 0;
      for(iThread=0; iThread<SQLITE_MAX_SORTER_THREAD; iThread++){
        int iPMA;
        i64 iReadOff = 0;
        SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[iThread];
        for(iPMA=0; iPMA<pThread->nPMA && rc==SQLITE_OK; iPMA++){
          i64 nDummy = 0;
          VdbeSorterIter *pIter = &pMerger->aIter[iIter++];
          rc = vdbeSorterIterInit(pThread, iReadOff, pIter, &nDummy);

typedef struct VdbeSorterIter VdbeSorterIter;
typedef struct SorterThread SorterThread;
typedef struct SorterRecord SorterRecord;
typedef struct SorterMerger SorterMerger;
typedef struct FileWriter FileWriter;










/*
** Candidate values for SorterThread.eWork
*/
#define SORTER_THREAD_SORT   1
#define SORTER_THREAD_TO_PMA 2
#define SORTER_THREAD_CONS   3

................................................................................
/*
** Much of the work performed in this module to sort the list of records is 
** broken down into smaller units that may be peformed in parallel. In order
** to perform such a unit of work, an instance of the following structure
** is configured and passed to vdbeSorterThreadMain() - either directly by 
** the main thread or via a background thread.
**
** Exactly SorterThread.nThread instances of this structure are allocated
** as part of each VdbeSorter object. Instances are never allocated any other
** way. SorterThread.nThread is set to the number of worker threads allowed
** (see SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS) plus one (the main thread).
**
** When a background thread is launched to perform work, SorterThread.bDone
** is set to 0 and the SorterThread.pThread variable set to point to the
** thread handle. SorterThread.bDone is set to 1 (to indicate to the main
** thread that joining SorterThread.pThread will not block) before the thread
** exits. SorterThread.pThread and bDone are always cleared after the 
** background thread has been joined.
**
** One object (specifically, VdbeSorter.aThread[SorterThread.nThread-1])
** is reserved for the foreground thread.
**
** The nature of the work performed is determined by SorterThread.eWork,
** as follows:
**
**   SORTER_THREAD_SORT:
**     Sort the linked list of records at SorterThread.pList.
................................................................................
  int mxPmaSize;                  /* Maximum PMA size, in bytes.  0==no limit */
  int bUsePMA;                    /* True if one or more PMAs created */
  SorterRecord *pRecord;          /* Head of in-memory record list */
  SorterMerger *pMerger;          /* For final merge of PMAs (by caller) */ 
  u8 *aMemory;                    /* Block of memory to alloc records from */
  int iMemory;                    /* Offset of first free byte in aMemory */
  int nMemory;                    /* Size of aMemory allocation in bytes */
  int nThread;                    /* Size of aThread[] array */
  SorterThread aThread[1];
};

/*
** The following type is an iterator for a PMA. It caches the current key in 
** variables nKey/aKey. If the iterator is at EOF, pFile==0.
*/
struct VdbeSorterIter {
................................................................................

  if( p1->pFile==0 ){
    iRes = i2;
  }else if( p2->pFile==0 ){
    iRes = i1;
  }else{
    int res;
    assert( pThread->pUnpacked!=0 );  /* allocated in vdbeSorterThreadMain() */
    vdbeSorterCompare(
        pThread, 0, p1->aKey, p1->nKey, p2->aKey, p2->nKey, &res
    );
    if( res<=0 ){
      iRes = i1;
    }else{
      iRes = i2;
................................................................................
int sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(sqlite3 *db, VdbeCursor *pCsr){
  int pgsz;                       /* Page size of main database */
  int i;                          /* Used to iterate through aThread[] */
  int mxCache;                    /* Cache size */
  VdbeSorter *pSorter;            /* The new sorter */
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;              /* Copy of pCsr->pKeyInfo with db==0 */
  int szKeyInfo;                  /* Size of pCsr->pKeyInfo in bytes */
  int sz;                         /* Size of pSorter in bytes */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int nWorker = (sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex?sqlite3GlobalConfig.nWorker:0);

  assert( pCsr->pKeyInfo && pCsr->pBt==0 );
  szKeyInfo = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nField-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*);
  sz = sizeof(VdbeSorter) + nWorker * sizeof(SorterThread);

  pSorter = (VdbeSorter*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sz + szKeyInfo);
  pCsr->pSorter = pSorter;
  if( pSorter==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    pKeyInfo = (KeyInfo*)((u8*)pSorter + sz);
    memcpy(pKeyInfo, pCsr->pKeyInfo, szKeyInfo);
    pKeyInfo->db = 0;
    pgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt);

    pSorter->nThread = nWorker + 1;
    for(i=0; i<pSorter->nThread; i++){
      SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
      pThread->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
      pThread->pVfs = db->pVfs;
      pThread->pgsz = pgsz;
    }

    if( !sqlite3TempInMemory(db) ){
................................................................................
    pThread->pTemp1 = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Join all threads.  
*/
#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
static int vdbeSorterJoinAll(VdbeSorter *pSorter, int rcin){
  int rc = rcin;
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<pSorter->nThread; i++){
    SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
    if( pThread->pThread ){
      void *pRet;
      int rc2 = sqlite3ThreadJoin(pThread->pThread, &pRet);
      pThread->pThread = 0;
      pThread->bDone = 0;
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pRet);
    }
  }
  return rc;
}
#else
# define vdbeSorterJoinAll(x,rcin) (rcin)
#endif

/*
** Allocate a new SorterMerger object with space for nIter iterators.
*/
static SorterMerger *vdbeSorterMergerNew(int nIter){
  int N = 2;                      /* Smallest power of two >= nIter */
  int nByte;                      /* Total bytes of space to allocate */
................................................................................

/*
** Reset a sorting cursor back to its original empty state.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *db, VdbeSorter *pSorter){
  int i;
  vdbeSorterJoinAll(pSorter, SQLITE_OK);
  for(i=0; i<pSorter->nThread; i++){
    SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
    vdbeSorterThreadCleanup(db, pThread);
  }
  if( pSorter->aMemory==0 ){
    vdbeSorterRecordFree(0, pSorter->pRecord);
  }
  vdbeSorterMergerReset(pSorter->pMerger);
................................................................................
static int vdbeSorterFlushPMA(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr, int bFg){
  VdbeSorter *pSorter = pCsr->pSorter;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int i;
  SorterThread *pThread;        /* Thread context used to create new PMA */

  pSorter->bUsePMA = 1;
  for(i=0; ALWAYS( i<pSorter->nThread ); i++){
    pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
    if( pThread->bDone ){
      void *pRet;
      assert( pThread->pThread );
      rc = sqlite3ThreadJoin(pThread->pThread, &pRet);
      pThread->pThread = 0;
      pThread->bDone = 0;
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pRet);
      }
    }
#endif
    if( pThread->pThread==0 ) break;
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int bUseFg = (bFg || i==(pSorter->nThread-1));

    assert( pThread->pThread==0 && pThread->bDone==0 );
    pThread->eWork = SORTER_THREAD_TO_PMA;
    pThread->pList = pSorter->pRecord;
    pThread->nInMemory = pSorter->nInMemory;
    pSorter->nInMemory = 0;
    pSorter->pRecord = 0;
................................................................................

    if( pSorter->aMemory ){
      u8 *aMem = pThread->aListMemory;
      pThread->aListMemory = pSorter->aMemory;
      pSorter->aMemory = aMem;
    }

#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
    if( bUseFg==0 ){
      /* Launch a background thread for this operation */
      void *pCtx = (void*)pThread;
      assert( pSorter->aMemory==0 || pThread->aListMemory!=0 );
      if( pThread->aListMemory ){
        if( pSorter->aMemory==0 ){
          pSorter->aMemory = sqlite3Malloc(pSorter->nMemory);
          if( pSorter->aMemory==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
        }else{
          pSorter->nMemory = sqlite3MallocSize(pSorter->aMemory);
        }
      }
      rc = sqlite3ThreadCreate(&pThread->pThread, vdbeSorterThreadMain, pCtx);
    }else
#endif
    {
      /* Use the foreground thread for this operation */
      u8 *aMem;
      rc = vdbeSorterRunThread(pThread);
      aMem = pThread->aListMemory;
      pThread->aListMemory = pSorter->aMemory;
      pSorter->aMemory = aMem;
    }
................................................................................
      int nNew = pSorter->nMemory * 2;
      while( nNew < nMin ) nNew = nNew*2;
      if( nNew > pSorter->mxPmaSize ) nNew = pSorter->mxPmaSize;
      if( nNew < nMin ) nNew = nMin;

      aNew = sqlite3Realloc(pSorter->aMemory, nNew);
      if( !aNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
      pSorter->pRecord = (SorterRecord*)(
          aNew + ((u8*)pSorter->pRecord - pSorter->aMemory)
      );
      pSorter->aMemory = aNew;
      pSorter->nMemory = nNew;
    }

    pNew = (SorterRecord*)&pSorter->aMemory[pSorter->iMemory];
    pSorter->iMemory += ROUND8(nReq);
    pNew->u.iNext = (u8*)(pSorter->pRecord) - pSorter->aMemory;
................................................................................

/*
** Return the total number of PMAs in all temporary files.
*/
static int vdbeSorterCountPMA(VdbeSorter *pSorter){
  int nPMA = 0;
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<pSorter->nThread; i++){
    nPMA += pSorter->aThread[i].nPMA;
  }
  return nPMA;
}

/*
** Once the sorter has been populated, this function is called to prepare
................................................................................
  }

  /* Join all threads */
  rc = vdbeSorterJoinAll(pSorter, rc);

  /* If there are more than SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT PMAs on disk, merge
  ** some of them together so that this is no longer the case. */

  if( vdbeSorterCountPMA(pSorter)>SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pSorter->nThread; i++){
      SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[i];
      if( pThread->pTemp1 ){
        pThread->nConsolidate = SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT/pSorter->nThread;
        pThread->eWork = SORTER_THREAD_CONS;

#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
        if( i<(pSorter->nThread-1) ){
          void *pCtx = (void*)pThread;
          rc = sqlite3ThreadCreate(&pThread->pThread,vdbeSorterThreadMain,pCtx);
        }else
#endif
        {
          rc = vdbeSorterRunThread(pThread);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /* Join all threads */
................................................................................
  /* Assuming no errors have occurred, set up a merger structure to read
  ** and merge all remaining PMAs.  */
  assert( pSorter->pMerger==0 );
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int nIter = 0;                /* Number of iterators used */
    int i;
    SorterMerger *pMerger;
    for(i=0; i<pSorter->nThread; i++){
      nIter += pSorter->aThread[i].nPMA;
    }

    pSorter->pMerger = pMerger = vdbeSorterMergerNew(nIter);
    if( pMerger==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      int iIter = 0;
      int iThread = 0;
      for(iThread=0; iThread<pSorter->nThread; iThread++){
        int iPMA;
        i64 iReadOff = 0;
        SorterThread *pThread = &pSorter->aThread[iThread];
        for(iPMA=0; iPMA<pThread->nPMA && rc==SQLITE_OK; iPMA++){
          i64 nDummy = 0;
          VdbeSorterIter *pIter = &pMerger->aIter[iIter++];
          rc = vdbeSorterIterInit(pThread, iReadOff, pIter, &nDummy);