** a page number P, return the index of the last frame for page P in the WAL,
** or return NULL if there are no frames for page P in the WAL.
**
** The wal-index consists of a header region, followed by an one or
** more index blocks.  
**
** The wal-index header contains the total number of frames within the WAL
** in the the mxFrame field.  Each index block contains information on


** HASHTABLE_NPAGE frames.  Each index block contains two sections, a
** mapping which is a database page number for each frame, and a hash
** table used to look up frames by page number.  The mapping section is
** an array of HASHTABLE_NPAGE 32-bit page numbers.  The first entry on the
** array is the page number for the first frame; the second entry is the
** page number for the second frame; and so forth.  The last index block
** holds a total of (mxFrame%HASHTABLE_NPAGE) page numbers.  All index
** blocks other than the last are completely full with HASHTABLE_NPAGE
** page numbers.  All index blocks are the same size; the mapping section













** of the last index block merely contains unused entries if mxFrame is
** not an even multiple of HASHTABLE_NPAGE.
**
** Even without using the hash table, the last frame for page P
** can be found by scanning the mapping sections of each index block
** starting with the last index block and moving toward the first, and
** within each index block, starting at the end and moving toward the
** beginning.  The first entry that equals P corresponds to the frame
** holding the content for that page.
**
** The hash table consists of HASHTABLE_NSLOT 16-bit unsigned integers.
** HASHTABLE_NSLOT = 2*HASHTABLE_NPAGE, and there is one entry in the
................................................................................

/*
** Each page of the wal-index mapping contains a hash-table made up of
** an array of HASHTABLE_NSLOT elements of the following type.
*/
typedef u16 ht_slot;




























/*
** Define the parameters of the hash tables in the wal-index file. There
** is a hash-table following every HASHTABLE_NPAGE page numbers in the
** wal-index.
**
** Changing any of these constants will alter the wal-index format and
** create incompatibilities.
*/
#define HASHTABLE_NPAGE      4096                 /* Must be power of 2 */
#define HASHTABLE_HASH_1     383                  /* Should be prime */
#define HASHTABLE_NSLOT      (HASHTABLE_NPAGE*2)  /* Must be a power of 2 */


/* The block of page numbers associated with the first hash-table in a
** wal-index is smaller than usual. This is so that there is a complete
** hash-table on each aligned 32KB page of the wal-index.
*/
#define HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE  (HASHTABLE_NPAGE - (WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE/sizeof(u32)))

/* The wal-index is divided into pages of WALINDEX_PGSZ bytes each. */
#define WALINDEX_PGSZ   (                                         \
................................................................................
** Return a pointer to the WalIndexHdr structure in the wal-index.
*/
static volatile WalIndexHdr *walIndexHdr(Wal *pWal){
  assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
  return (volatile WalIndexHdr*)pWal->apWiData[0];
}

/*
** This structure is used to implement an iterator that loops through
** all frames in the WAL in database page order. Where two or more frames
** correspond to the same database page, the iterator visits only the 
** frame most recently written to the WAL (in other words, the frame with
** the largest index).
**
** The internals of this structure are only accessed by:
**
**   walIteratorInit() - Create a new iterator,
**   walIteratorNext() - Step an iterator,
**   walIteratorFree() - Free an iterator.
**
** This functionality is used by the checkpoint code (see walCheckpoint()).
*/
struct WalIterator {
  int iPrior;                     /* Last result returned from the iterator */
  int nSegment;                   /* Size of the aSegment[] array */
  struct WalSegment {
    int iNext;                    /* Next slot in aIndex[] not yet returned */
    ht_slot *aIndex;              /* i0, i1, i2... such that aPgno[iN] ascend */
    u32 *aPgno;                   /* Array of page numbers. */
    int nEntry;                   /* Max size of aPgno[] and aIndex[] arrays */
    int iZero;                    /* Frame number associated with aPgno[0] */
  } aSegment[1];                  /* One for every 32KB page in the WAL */
};

/*
** The argument to this macro must be of type u32. On a little-endian
** architecture, it returns the u32 value that results from interpreting
** the 4 bytes as a big-endian value. On a big-endian architecture, it
** returns the value that would be produced by intepreting the 4 bytes
** of the input value as a little-endian integer.
*/

** a page number P, return the index of the last frame for page P in the WAL,
** or return NULL if there are no frames for page P in the WAL.
**
** The wal-index consists of a header region, followed by an one or
** more index blocks.  
**
** The wal-index header contains the total number of frames within the WAL
** in the the mxFrame field.  
**
** Each index block except for the first contains information on 
** HASHTABLE_NPAGE frames. The first index block contains information on


** HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE frames. The values of HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE and 
** HASHTABLE_NPAGE are selected so that together the wal-index header and
** first index block are the same size as all other index blocks in the
** wal-index.
**
** Each index block contains two sections, a page-mapping that contains the
** database page number associated with each wal frame, and a hash-table 
** that allows users to query an index block for a specific page number.
** The page-mapping is an array of HASHTABLE_NPAGE (or HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE
** for the first index block) 32-bit page numbers. The first entry in the 
** first index-block contains the database page number corresponding to the
** first frame in the WAL file. The first entry in the second index block
** in the WAL file corresponds to the (HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+1)th frame in
** the log, and so on.
**
** The last index block in a wal-index usually contains less than the full
** complement of HASHTABLE_NPAGE (or HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE) page-numbers,
** depending on the contents of the WAL file. This does not change the
** allocated size of the page-mapping array - the page-mapping array merely
** contains unused entries.

**
** Even without using the hash table, the last frame for page P
** can be found by scanning the page-mapping sections of each index block
** starting with the last index block and moving toward the first, and
** within each index block, starting at the end and moving toward the
** beginning.  The first entry that equals P corresponds to the frame
** holding the content for that page.
**
** The hash table consists of HASHTABLE_NSLOT 16-bit unsigned integers.
** HASHTABLE_NSLOT = 2*HASHTABLE_NPAGE, and there is one entry in the
................................................................................

/*
** Each page of the wal-index mapping contains a hash-table made up of
** an array of HASHTABLE_NSLOT elements of the following type.
*/
typedef u16 ht_slot;

/*
** This structure is used to implement an iterator that loops through
** all frames in the WAL in database page order. Where two or more frames
** correspond to the same database page, the iterator visits only the 
** frame most recently written to the WAL (in other words, the frame with
** the largest index).
**
** The internals of this structure are only accessed by:
**
**   walIteratorInit() - Create a new iterator,
**   walIteratorNext() - Step an iterator,
**   walIteratorFree() - Free an iterator.
**
** This functionality is used by the checkpoint code (see walCheckpoint()).
*/
struct WalIterator {
  int iPrior;                     /* Last result returned from the iterator */
  int nSegment;                   /* Size of the aSegment[] array */
  struct WalSegment {
    int iNext;                    /* Next slot in aIndex[] not yet returned */
    ht_slot *aIndex;              /* i0, i1, i2... such that aPgno[iN] ascend */
    u32 *aPgno;                   /* Array of page numbers. */
    int nEntry;                   /* Max size of aPgno[] and aIndex[] arrays */
    int iZero;                    /* Frame number associated with aPgno[0] */
  } aSegment[1];                  /* One for every 32KB page in the WAL */
};

/*
** Define the parameters of the hash tables in the wal-index file. There
** is a hash-table following every HASHTABLE_NPAGE page numbers in the
** wal-index.
**
** Changing any of these constants will alter the wal-index format and
** create incompatibilities.
*/
#define HASHTABLE_NPAGE      4096                 /* Must be power of 2 */
#define HASHTABLE_HASH_1     383                  /* Should be prime */
#define HASHTABLE_NSLOT      (HASHTABLE_NPAGE*2)  /* Must be a power of 2 */

/* 
** The block of page numbers associated with the first hash-table in a
** wal-index is smaller than usual. This is so that there is a complete
** hash-table on each aligned 32KB page of the wal-index.
*/
#define HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE  (HASHTABLE_NPAGE - (WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE/sizeof(u32)))

/* The wal-index is divided into pages of WALINDEX_PGSZ bytes each. */
#define WALINDEX_PGSZ   (                                         \
................................................................................
** Return a pointer to the WalIndexHdr structure in the wal-index.
*/
static volatile WalIndexHdr *walIndexHdr(Wal *pWal){
  assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
  return (volatile WalIndexHdr*)pWal->apWiData[0];
}




























/*
** The argument to this macro must be of type u32. On a little-endian
** architecture, it returns the u32 value that results from interpreting
** the 4 bytes as a big-endian value. On a big-endian architecture, it
** returns the value that would be produced by intepreting the 4 bytes
** of the input value as a little-endian integer.
*/