/*
** 2001 September 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
** May you do good and not evil.
** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** An tokenizer for SQL
**
** This file contains C code that splits an SQL input string up into
** individual tokens and sends those tokens one-by-one over to the
** parser for analysis.
**
** $Id: tokenize.c,v 1.59 2003/05/04 17:58:26 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "os.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/*
** All the keywords of the SQL language are stored as in a hash
** table composed of instances of the following structure.
*/
typedef struct Keyword Keyword;
struct Keyword {
char *zName; /* The keyword name */
int len; /* Number of characters in the keyword */
int tokenType; /* The token value for this keyword */
Keyword *pNext; /* Next keyword with the same hash */
};
/*
** These are the keywords
*/
static Keyword aKeywordTable[] = {
{ "ABORT", 0, TK_ABORT, 0 },
{ "AFTER", 0, TK_AFTER, 0 },
{ "ALL", 0, TK_ALL, 0 },
{ "AND", 0, TK_AND, 0 },
{ "AS", 0, TK_AS, 0 },
{ "ASC", 0, TK_ASC, 0 },
{ "ATTACH", 0, TK_ATTACH, 0 },
{ "BEFORE", 0, TK_BEFORE, 0 },
{ "BEGIN", 0, TK_BEGIN, 0 },
{ "BETWEEN", 0, TK_BETWEEN, 0 },
{ "BY", 0, TK_BY, 0 },
{ "CASCADE", 0, TK_CASCADE, 0 },
{ "CASE", 0, TK_CASE, 0 },
{ "CHECK", 0, TK_CHECK, 0 },
{ "CLUSTER", 0, TK_CLUSTER, 0 },
{ "COLLATE", 0, TK_COLLATE, 0 },
{ "COMMIT", 0, TK_COMMIT, 0 },
{ "CONFLICT", 0, TK_CONFLICT, 0 },
{ "CONSTRAINT", 0, TK_CONSTRAINT, 0 },
{ "COPY", 0, TK_COPY, 0 },
{ "CREATE", 0, TK_CREATE, 0 },
{ "CROSS", 0, TK_JOIN_KW, 0 },
{ "DATABASE", 0, TK_DATABASE, 0 },
{ "DEFAULT", 0, TK_DEFAULT, 0 },
{ "DEFERRED", 0, TK_DEFERRED, 0 },
{ "DEFERRABLE", 0, TK_DEFERRABLE, 0 },
{ "DELETE", 0, TK_DELETE, 0 },
{ "DELIMITERS", 0, TK_DELIMITERS, 0 },
{ "DESC", 0, TK_DESC, 0 },
{ "DETACH", 0, TK_DETACH, 0 },
{ "DISTINCT", 0, TK_DISTINCT, 0 },
{ "DROP", 0, TK_DROP, 0 },
{ "END", 0, TK_END, 0 },
{ "EACH", 0, TK_EACH, 0 },
{ "ELSE", 0, TK_ELSE, 0 },
{ "EXCEPT", 0, TK_EXCEPT, 0 },
{ "EXPLAIN", 0, TK_EXPLAIN, 0 },
{ "FAIL", 0, TK_FAIL, 0 },
{ "FOR", 0, TK_FOR, 0 },
{ "FOREIGN", 0, TK_FOREIGN, 0 },
{ "FROM", 0, TK_FROM, 0 },
{ "FULL", 0, TK_JOIN_KW, 0 },
{ "GLOB", 0, TK_GLOB, 0 },
{ "GROUP", 0, TK_GROUP, 0 },
{ "HAVING", 0, TK_HAVING, 0 },
{ "IGNORE", 0, TK_IGNORE, 0 },
{ "IMMEDIATE", 0, TK_IMMEDIATE, 0 },
{ "IN", 0, TK_IN, 0 },
{ "INDEX", 0, TK_INDEX, 0 },
{ "INITIALLY", 0, TK_INITIALLY, 0 },
{ "INNER", 0, TK_JOIN_KW, 0 },
{ "INSERT", 0, TK_INSERT, 0 },
{ "INSTEAD", 0, TK_INSTEAD, 0 },
{ "INTERSECT", 0, TK_INTERSECT, 0 },
{ "INTO", 0, TK_INTO, 0 },
{ "IS", 0, TK_IS, 0 },
{ "ISNULL", 0, TK_ISNULL, 0 },
{ "JOIN", 0, TK_JOIN, 0 },
{ "KEY", 0, TK_KEY, 0 },
{ "LEFT", 0, TK_JOIN_KW, 0 },
{ "LIKE", 0, TK_LIKE, 0 },
{ "LIMIT", 0, TK_LIMIT, 0 },
{ "MATCH", 0, TK_MATCH, 0 },
{ "NATURAL", 0, TK_JOIN_KW, 0 },
{ "NOT", 0, TK_NOT, 0 },
{ "NOTNULL", 0, TK_NOTNULL, 0 },
{ "NULL", 0, TK_NULL, 0 },
{ "OF", 0, TK_OF, 0 },
{ "OFFSET", 0, TK_OFFSET, 0 },
{ "ON", 0, TK_ON, 0 },
{ "OR", 0, TK_OR, 0 },
{ "ORDER", 0, TK_ORDER, 0 },
{ "OUTER", 0, TK_JOIN_KW, 0 },
{ "PRAGMA", 0, TK_PRAGMA, 0 },
{ "PRIMARY", 0, TK_PRIMARY, 0 },
{ "RAISE", 0, TK_RAISE, 0 },
{ "REFERENCES", 0, TK_REFERENCES, 0 },
{ "REPLACE", 0, TK_REPLACE, 0 },
{ "RESTRICT", 0, TK_RESTRICT, 0 },
{ "RIGHT", 0, TK_JOIN_KW, 0 },
{ "ROLLBACK", 0, TK_ROLLBACK, 0 },
{ "ROW", 0, TK_ROW, 0 },
{ "SELECT", 0, TK_SELECT, 0 },
{ "SET", 0, TK_SET, 0 },
{ "STATEMENT", 0, TK_STATEMENT, 0 },
{ "TABLE", 0, TK_TABLE, 0 },
{ "TEMP", 0, TK_TEMP, 0 },
{ "TEMPORARY", 0, TK_TEMP, 0 },
{ "THEN", 0, TK_THEN, 0 },
{ "TRANSACTION", 0, TK_TRANSACTION, 0 },
{ "TRIGGER", 0, TK_TRIGGER, 0 },
{ "UNION", 0, TK_UNION, 0 },
{ "UNIQUE", 0, TK_UNIQUE, 0 },
{ "UPDATE", 0, TK_UPDATE, 0 },
{ "USING", 0, TK_USING, 0 },
{ "VACUUM", 0, TK_VACUUM, 0 },
{ "VALUES", 0, TK_VALUES, 0 },
{ "VIEW", 0, TK_VIEW, 0 },
{ "WHEN", 0, TK_WHEN, 0 },
{ "WHERE", 0, TK_WHERE, 0 },
};
/*
** This is the hash table
*/
#define KEY_HASH_SIZE 71
static Keyword *apHashTable[KEY_HASH_SIZE];
/*
** This function looks up an identifier to determine if it is a
** keyword. If it is a keyword, the token code of that keyword is
** returned. If the input is not a keyword, TK_ID is returned.
*/
int sqliteKeywordCode(const char *z, int n){
int h;
Keyword *p;
if( aKeywordTable[0].len==0 ){
/* Initialize the keyword hash table */
sqliteOsEnterMutex();
if( aKeywordTable[0].len==0 ){
int i;
int n;
n = sizeof(aKeywordTable)/sizeof(aKeywordTable[0]);
for(i=0; i<n; i++){
aKeywordTable[i].len = strlen(aKeywordTable[i].zName);
h = sqliteHashNoCase(aKeywordTable[i].zName, aKeywordTable[i].len);
h %= KEY_HASH_SIZE;
aKeywordTable[i].pNext = apHashTable[h];
apHashTable[h] = &aKeywordTable[i];
}
}
sqliteOsLeaveMutex();
}
h = sqliteHashNoCase(z, n) % KEY_HASH_SIZE;
for(p=apHashTable[h]; p; p=p->pNext){
if( p->len==n && sqliteStrNICmp(p->zName, z, n)==0 ){
return p->tokenType;
}
}
return TK_ID;
}
/*
** If X is a character that can be used in an identifier then
** isIdChar[X] will be 1. Otherwise isIdChar[X] will be 0.
**
** In this implementation, an identifier can be a string of
** alphabetic characters, digits, and "_" plus any character
** with the high-order bit set. The latter rule means that
** any sequence of UTF-8 characters or characters taken from
** an extended ISO8859 character set can form an identifier.
*/
static const char isIdChar[] = {
/* x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF */
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 0x */
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 1x */
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 2x */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 3x */
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 4x */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, /* 5x */
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 6x */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 7x */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 8x */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 9x */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* Ax */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* Bx */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* Cx */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* Dx */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* Ex */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* Fx */
};
/*
** Return the length of the token that begins at z[0]. Return
** -1 if the token is (or might be) incomplete. Store the token
** type in *tokenType before returning.
*/
static int sqliteGetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
int i;
switch( *z ){
case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': case '\f': case '\r': {
for(i=1; isspace(z[i]); i++){}
*tokenType = TK_SPACE;
return i;
}
case '-': {
if( z[1]==0 ) return -1;
if( z[1]=='-' ){
for(i=2; z[i] && z[i]!='\n'; i++){}
*tokenType = TK_COMMENT;
return i;
}
*tokenType = TK_MINUS;
return 1;
}
case '(': {
if( z[1]=='+' && z[2]==')' ){
*tokenType = TK_ORACLE_OUTER_JOIN;
return 3;
}else{
*tokenType = TK_LP;
return 1;
}
}
case ')': {
*tokenType = TK_RP;
return 1;
}
case ';': {
*tokenType = TK_SEMI;
return 1;
}
case '+': {
*tokenType = TK_PLUS;
return 1;
}
case '*': {
*tokenType = TK_STAR;
return 1;
}
case '/': {
if( z[1]!='*' || z[2]==0 ){
*tokenType = TK_SLASH;
return 1;
}
for(i=3; z[i] && (z[i]!='/' || z[i-1]!='*'); i++){}
if( z[i] ) i++;
*tokenType = TK_COMMENT;
return i;
}
case '%': {
*tokenType = TK_REM;
return 1;
}
case '=': {
*tokenType = TK_EQ;
return 1 + (z[1]=='=');
}
case '<': {
if( z[1]=='=' ){
*tokenType = TK_LE;
return 2;
}else if( z[1]=='>' ){
*tokenType = TK_NE;
return 2;
}else if( z[1]=='<' ){
*tokenType = TK_LSHIFT;
return 2;
}else{
*tokenType = TK_LT;
return 1;
}
}
case '>': {
if( z[1]=='=' ){
*tokenType = TK_GE;
return 2;
}else if( z[1]=='>' ){
*tokenType = TK_RSHIFT;
return 2;
}else{
*tokenType = TK_GT;
return 1;
}
}
case '!': {
if( z[1]!='=' ){
*tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
return 2;
}else{
*tokenType = TK_NE;
return 2;
}
}
case '|': {
if( z[1]!='|' ){
*tokenType = TK_BITOR;
return 1;
}else{
*tokenType = TK_CONCAT;
return 2;
}
}
case ',': {
*tokenType = TK_COMMA;
return 1;
}
case '&': {
*tokenType = TK_BITAND;
return 1;
}
case '~': {
*tokenType = TK_BITNOT;
return 1;
}
case '\'': case '"': {
int delim = z[0];
for(i=1; z[i]; i++){
if( z[i]==delim ){
if( z[i+1]==delim ){
i++;
}else{
break;
}
}
}
if( z[i] ) i++;
*tokenType = TK_STRING;
return i;
}
case '.': {
*tokenType = TK_DOT;
return 1;
}
case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
*tokenType = TK_INTEGER;
for(i=1; isdigit(z[i]); i++){}
if( z[i]=='.' && isdigit(z[i+1]) ){
i += 2;
while( isdigit(z[i]) ){ i++; }
*tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
}
if( (z[i]=='e' || z[i]=='E') &&
( isdigit(z[i+1])
|| ((z[i+1]=='+' || z[i+1]=='-') && isdigit(z[i+2]))
)
){
i += 2;
while( isdigit(z[i]) ){ i++; }
*tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
}
return i;
}
case '[': {
for(i=1; z[i] && z[i-1]!=']'; i++){}
*tokenType = TK_ID;
return i;
}
default: {
if( !isIdChar[*z] ){
break;
}
for(i=1; isIdChar[z[i]]; i++){}
*tokenType = sqliteKeywordCode((char*)z, i);
return i;
}
}
*tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
return 1;
}
/*
** Run the parser on the given SQL string. The parser structure is
** passed in. An SQLITE_ status code is returned. If an error occurs
** and pzErrMsg!=NULL then an error message might be written into
** memory obtained from malloc() and *pzErrMsg made to point to that
** error message. Or maybe not.
*/
int sqliteRunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzErrMsg){
int nErr = 0;
int i;
void *pEngine;
int tokenType;
int lastTokenParsed = -1;
sqlite *db = pParse->db;
extern void *sqliteParserAlloc(void*(*)(int));
extern void sqliteParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
extern int sqliteParser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
db->flags &= ~SQLITE_Interrupt;
pParse->rc = SQLITE_OK;
i = 0;
pEngine = sqliteParserAlloc((void*(*)(int))malloc);
if( pEngine==0 ){
sqliteSetString(pzErrMsg, "out of memory", 0);
return 1;
}
pParse->sLastToken.dyn = 0;
pParse->zTail = zSql;
while( sqlite_malloc_failed==0 && zSql[i]!=0 ){
assert( i>=0 );
pParse->sLastToken.z = &zSql[i];
assert( pParse->sLastToken.dyn==0 );
pParse->sLastToken.n = sqliteGetToken((unsigned char*)&zSql[i], &tokenType);
i += pParse->sLastToken.n;
switch( tokenType ){
case TK_SPACE:
case TK_COMMENT: {
if( (db->flags & SQLITE_Interrupt)!=0 ){
pParse->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
sqliteSetString(pzErrMsg, "interrupt", 0);
goto abort_parse;
}
break;
}
case TK_ILLEGAL: {
sqliteSetNString(pzErrMsg, "unrecognized token: \"", -1,
pParse->sLastToken.z, pParse->sLastToken.n, "\"", 1, 0);
nErr++;
goto abort_parse;
}
case TK_SEMI: {
pParse->zTail = &zSql[i];
/* Fall thru into the default case */
}
default: {
sqliteParser(pEngine, tokenType, pParse->sLastToken, pParse);
lastTokenParsed = tokenType;
if( pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
goto abort_parse;
}
break;
}
}
}
abort_parse:
if( zSql[i]==0 && nErr==0 && pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
if( lastTokenParsed!=TK_SEMI ){
sqliteParser(pEngine, TK_SEMI, pParse->sLastToken, pParse);
pParse->zTail = &zSql[i];
}
sqliteParser(pEngine, 0, pParse->sLastToken, pParse);
}
sqliteParserFree(pEngine, free);
if( pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK && pParse->rc!=SQLITE_DONE && pParse->zErrMsg==0 ){
sqliteSetString(&pParse->zErrMsg, sqlite_error_string(pParse->rc), 0);
}
if( pParse->zErrMsg ){
if( pzErrMsg && *pzErrMsg==0 ){
*pzErrMsg = pParse->zErrMsg;
}else{
sqliteFree(pParse->zErrMsg);
}
pParse->zErrMsg = 0;
if( !nErr ) nErr++;
}
if( pParse->pVdbe && (pParse->useCallback || pParse->nErr>0) ){
sqliteVdbeDelete(pParse->pVdbe);
pParse->pVdbe = 0;
}
if( pParse->pNewTable ){
sqliteDeleteTable(pParse->db, pParse->pNewTable);
pParse->pNewTable = 0;
}
if( pParse->pNewTrigger ){
sqliteDeleteTrigger(pParse->pNewTrigger);
pParse->pNewTrigger = 0;
}
if( nErr>0 && (pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK || pParse->rc==SQLITE_DONE) ){
pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
}
return nErr;
}
/*
** Token types used by the sqlite_complete() routine. See the header
** comments on that procedure for additional information.
*/
#define tkEXPLAIN 0
#define tkCREATE 1
#define tkTEMP 2
#define tkTRIGGER 3
#define tkEND 4
#define tkSEMI 5
#define tkWS 6
#define tkOTHER 7
/*
** Return TRUE if the given SQL string ends in a semicolon.
**
** Special handling is require for CREATE TRIGGER statements.
** Whenever the CREATE TRIGGER keywords are seen, the statement
** must end with ";END;".
**
** This implementation uses a state machine with 7 states:
**
** (0) START At the beginning or end of an SQL statement. This routine
** returns 1 if it ends in the START state and 0 if it ends
** in any other state.
**
** (1) EXPLAIN The keyword EXPLAIN has been seen at the beginning of
** a statement.
**
** (2) CREATE The keyword CREATE has been seen at the beginning of a
** statement, possibly preceeded by EXPLAIN and/or followed by
** TEMP or TEMPORARY
**
** (3) NORMAL We are in the middle of statement which ends with a single
** semicolon.
**
** (4) TRIGGER We are in the middle of a trigger definition that must be
** ended by a semicolon, the keyword END, and another semicolon.
**
** (5) SEMI We've seen the first semicolon in the ";END;" that occurs at
** the end of a trigger definition.
**
** (6) END We've seen the ";END" of the ";END;" that occurs at the end
** of a trigger difinition.
**
** Transitions between states above are determined by tokens extracted
** from the input. The following tokens are significant:
**
** (0) tkEXPLAIN The "explain" keyword.
** (1) tkCREATE The "create" keyword.
** (2) tkTEMP The "temp" or "temporary" keyword.
** (3) tkTRIGGER The "trigger" keyword.
** (4) tkEND The "end" keyword.
** (5) tkSEMI A semicolon.
** (6) tkWS Whitespace
** (7) tkOTHER Any other SQL token.
**
** Whitespace never causes a state transition and is always ignored.
*/
int sqlite_complete(const char *zSql){
u8 state = 0; /* Current state, using numbers defined in header comment */
u8 token; /* Value of the next token */
/* The following matrix defines the transition from one state to another
** according to what token is seen. trans[state][token] returns the
** next state.
*/
static const u8 trans[7][8] = {
/* Token:
/* State: ** EXPLAIN CREATE TEMP TRIGGER END SEMI WS OTHER */
/* 0 START: */ { 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, },
/* 1 EXPLAIN: */ { 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 1, 3, },
/* 2 CREATE: */ { 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 0, 2, 3, },
/* 3 NORMAL: */ { 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, },
/* 4 TRIGGER: */ { 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, },
/* 5 SEMI: */ { 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, },
/* 6 END: */ { 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 6, 4, },
};
while( *zSql ){
switch( *zSql ){
case ';': { /* A semicolon */
token = tkSEMI;
break;
}
case ' ':
case '\r':
case '\t':
case '\n':
case '\f': { /* White space is ignored */
token = tkWS;
break;
}
case '/': { /* C-style comments */
if( zSql[1]!='*' ){
token = tkOTHER;
break;
}
zSql += 2;
while( zSql[0] && (zSql[0]!='*' || zSql[1]!='/') ){ zSql++; }
if( zSql[0]==0 ) return 0;
zSql++;
token = tkWS;
break;
}
case '-': { /* SQL-style comments from "--" to end of line */
if( zSql[1]!='-' ){
token = tkOTHER;
break;
}
while( *zSql && *zSql!='\n' ){ zSql++; }
if( *zSql==0 ) return state==0;
token = tkWS;
break;
}
case '[': { /* Microsoft-style identifiers in [...] */
zSql++;
while( *zSql && *zSql!=']' ){ zSql++; }
if( *zSql==0 ) return 0;
token = tkOTHER;
break;
}
case '"': /* single- and double-quoted strings */
case '\'': {
int c = *zSql;
zSql++;
while( *zSql && *zSql!=c ){ zSql++; }
if( *zSql==0 ) return 0;
token = tkOTHER;
break;
}
default: {
if( isIdChar[*zSql] ){
/* Keywords and unquoted identifiers */
int nId;
for(nId=1; isIdChar[zSql[nId]]; nId++){}
switch( *zSql ){
case 'c': case 'C': {
if( nId==6 && sqliteStrNICmp(zSql, "create", 6)==0 ){
token = tkCREATE;
}else{
token = tkOTHER;
}
break;
}
case 't': case 'T': {
if( nId==7 && sqliteStrNICmp(zSql, "trigger", 7)==0 ){
token = tkTRIGGER;
}else if( nId==4 && sqliteStrNICmp(zSql, "temp", 4)==0 ){
token = tkTEMP;
}else if( nId==9 && sqliteStrNICmp(zSql, "temporary", 9)==0 ){
token = tkTEMP;
}else{
token = tkOTHER;
}
break;
}
case 'e': case 'E': {
if( nId==3 && sqliteStrNICmp(zSql, "end", 3)==0 ){
token = tkEND;
}else if( nId==7 && sqliteStrNICmp(zSql, "explain", 7)==0 ){
token = tkEXPLAIN;
}else{
token = tkOTHER;
}
break;
}
default: {
token = tkOTHER;
break;
}
}
zSql += nId-1;
}else{
/* Operators and special symbols */
token = tkOTHER;
}
break;
}
}
state = trans[state][token];
zSql++;
}
return state==0;
}