I found an assertion failure while SQLite (latest, c8bedef0d61731c2) executes the following queries.

CREATE TABLE v0 (c1);
CREATE INDEX i ON v0 (c1, c1=1);
SELECT 0 FROM v0 AS a1 WHERE (SELECT count((SELECT(sum(0) OVER(PARTITION BY(c1), (a1.c1=1) )))) FROM v0 GROUP BY hex(0)) AND a1.c1=0;

Here are the outputs:

sqlite3: sqlite3.c:112197: agginfoPersistExprCb: Assertion `iAgg>=0 && iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn' failed.
[1]    2383683 abort      ./sqlite3 < poc

Here is the result of bisecting:

 13 BAD     2022-11-25 16:10:48 b9190d3da70c4171 CURRENT
 11 GOOD    2022-11-25 15:52:00 1ad41840c5e0fa70

The assertion failure may be caused by the optimizations. SQLite crashes by default with all optimizations enabled. If I disable the SQLITE_IndexedExpr optimization, SQLite works well.

CREATE TABLE v0 (c1);
CREATE INDEX i ON v0 (c1, c1=1);

.testctrl optimizations 0x01000000;
.print '-- disable optimization of SQLITE_IndexedExpr'
SELECT 0 FROM v0 AS a1 WHERE (SELECT count((SELECT(sum(0) OVER(PARTITION BY(c1), (a1.c1=1) )))) FROM v0 GROUP BY hex(0)) AND a1.c1=0;

My compilation flags:

    export CFLAGS="-g -O0 -DSQLITE_DEBUG 
                -DSQLITE_ENABLE_TREETRACE 
                -DSQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE
                -DSQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS 
                -DSQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION 
                -DSQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4"