There appears to be a regression in 3.45.1:

root@72096f2f3ac3:/build# ./sqlite3
SQLite version 3.45.1 2024-01-30 16:01:20
Enter ".help" for usage hints.
Connected to a transient in-memory database.
Use ".open FILENAME" to reopen on a persistent database.
sqlite> .mode box
sqlite> pragma auto_vacuum = 2;
sqlite> vacuum;
sqlite> create table foo (a int, b blob);
sqlite> insert into foo values (10,zeroblob(4000)),(20,zeroblob(4000));
sqlite> delete from foo where a=10;
sqlite> pragma incremental_vacuum(1);
Error: out of memory
root@72096f2f3ac3:/build#

The "Error: out of memory" does not happen without the ".mode box" line. It looks like this was reported and fixed earlier: https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/afbbcb5b72

Regards, -MD