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Finding database file
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> I am running Windows 10 using...Safari.

Safari for Windows was discontinued [8 years ago][1]. You will get no support on it from Apple, and it's unlikely you'll get anyone else interested in helping you with it today.

There are [at least three different competing web browser DB APIs][2], none of which are supported in Safari 5 for Windows.

If you limit yourself to mass-market browsers (e.g. in-support versions of Chrome, Firefox, iOS/macOS Safari, and Edge) there are DB APIs that work "everywhere."

> `tx.executeSql`

Okay, then, that's the [unofficial Web SQL Database API][3], which isn't supported in IE, Firefox, original Edge, or current Safari. Pretty much the only ones supporting it are Google Chrome and the new Chrome-based versions of Edge. 

As well, the standards body that tried to promulgate this API [now warns you off of trying to use it][4].

> I reversed them and all transactions worked.

The [SQLite quoting rules][5] are rather strict in current versions, by default. I assume the web browsers aren't enabling the feature that allows old-style loose quoting rules, so you shouldn't count on being able to do that even if you can get it to work in certain builds of SQLite.

> it appears that I can't create a database nor can I read the one on the disk that I created with manually with DB Browser

Having never used this nonstandard DB API, I must simply assume that the browser sandboxes access to the filesystem to prevent web pages from reading arbitrary SQLite DBs on the filesystem, based on established standards of browser behavior. It doesn't surprise me in the least that you can't open files with this API using arbitrary paths.

Rather than continue wasting time trying to figure out what its rules are and working out accommodations for those rules, I think you should abandon use of that particular API and switch to one that is currently supported. You'll get a lot more help that way, both from interactive forums like this one as well as from the documentation and tooling surrounding it.


[1]: https://appleinsider.com/articles/12/07/25/apple_kills_windows_pc_support_in_safari_60
[2]: https://caniuse.com/#search=database
[3]: https://caniuse.com/#feat=sql-storage
[4]: https://www.w3.org/TR/webdatabase/
[5]: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_keywords.html