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Empty journal files left on disk after connection was gracefully closed
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> My assumption is that if I opened this connection with this flag then this connection can be used only for reading, hence 'READ-ONLY connection'.

Yes, the "main" database is opened r/o.  Databases are attached r/o.  Except of course "temp" which is r/w.

Note that read-only does not mean immutable.  Other connections can still write to the database.  This means that all the "normal facilities" must be present to support this eventuality -- the prohibition against writing is merely logical.