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binary .dump format
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This is probably the highest performing way to implement it, but also the most complex. Even vacuum internally is just a big `INSERT INTO ... SELECT * FROM`.

I think you can emit Leaf Cells instead of Leaf Pages, dumping the btrees as ordered key-value pairs to be recreated by an import process. To stitch it together, you'd create a btree, insert the key-value entries for the btree, and adjust the root page numbers for each table/index in sqlite_schema.