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sqlite3_column_type for a SUM column
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No, sqlite3_column_type returns the datatype of a single value at the intersection of the current row for the column of that row specified in the API call.  

It returns no information about the datatype of any value in the same column of any other row preceding or following the current row.

To obtain information about the value in the same column position in some other row, you must retrieve that other row and obtain the datatype of the data via this API at the specified column position in that particular other row.