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bug report : adding constant to GROUP BY leads to different output
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Your test case is kind of silly because:

  *   It involves an index on a constant
  *   It uses a GROUP BY clause on a (non-integer) constant.

However, the same underlying failure can be provoked without such silliness:

> ~~~
CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
INSERT INTO t1(a,b) VALUES(1,null),(null,null),(1,null);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t1b ON t1(abs(b));
SELECT * FROM t1 GROUP BY a, abs(b);
~~~

I'm testing the fix now.