Can someone please point out where my [reduced] definition is wrong and DELETE won't work?

drop table if exists persons;
create table persons(id integer primary key, name text);

insert into persons values(1,'name');
------------------------------------
drop table if exists users;
create table users(
  id integer references persons(id) on delete cascade on update cascade,
  userid text unique);

insert into users values (1,'username');
------------------------------------
drop table if exists log;
create table log(userid text references users(userid) on update cascade);
insert into log values ('username');

PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
delete from persons where id = 1; --ERROR: FOREIGN KEY constraint failed

I've read foreign keys and I just can't see which of the requirements I violate. (Using SQLite3 v3.33.0)

Thank you.

Looks like your log table needs an "on delete cascade"

But I want ON DELETE NO ACTION (to preserve the log entry) which is the default action if none specified, but same error even if I make it explicit.

NO ACTION doesn't mean "silently leave the row unmodified", it means "take no special action to resolve the FK constraint violation". As a result when the statement finishes the database is still in a non-compliant state and so the changes are rolled back and an error returned.

I see. Then it's practically no different than ON DELETE RESTRICT. Thanks.