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Different comparison results in WHERE and SELECT clauses
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This is the result of the operation of affinity calculations regarding rowid lookup.

(9223372036854775807 + 1) is a floating point result 9223372036854775000.0 which when converted back to an integer so that it can be used as the "integer primary key" to lookup the first candidate rows in the table.  That value becomes 9223372036854774784

WHERE 9223372036854775807 >= 9223372036854774784

evaluates True.  So the candidate is output.