(Edited to avoid backslash molesting in code block.)
The SQLite CLI shell does not have such a feature.
However, the following Perl program would tell you (if run by Perl.)
<code>
my $usage = <<'_';
Usage:
exetype <Exe-file> ...
For each file named, emit one line giving its name and .exe machine type.
_
use strict;
use IO::Handle;
use Fcntl 'SEEK_SET';
if (@ARGV == 0){
print $usage;
exit(0);
}
my %machineTypes = (
0x0 => 'Other',
0x1d3 => 'Matsushita AM33',
0x8664 => 'AMD/Intel x64',
0x1c0 => 'ARM little endian',
0xaa64 => 'ARM64 little endian',
0x1c4 => 'ARM Thumb-2 little endian',
0xebc => 'EFI byte code',
0x14c => 'Intel/AMD i386+',
0x200 => 'Intel Itanium processor family',
0x9041 => 'Mitsubishi M32R little endian',
0x266 => 'MIPS16',
0x366 => 'MIPS with FPU',
0x466 => 'MIPS16 with FPU',
0x1f0 => 'Power PC little endian',
0x1f1 => 'Power PC with floating point support',
0x166 => 'MIPS little endian',
0x5032 => 'RISC-V 32-bit address space',
0x5064 => 'RISC-V 64-bit address space',
0x5128 => 'RISC-V 128-bit address space',
0x1a2 => 'Hitachi SH3',
0x1a3 => 'Hitachi SH3 DSP',
0x1a6 => 'Hitachi SH4',
0x1a8 => 'Hitachi SH5',
0x1c2 => 'Thumb',
0x169 => 'MIPS little-endian WCE v2'
);
my $efh;
my $coffOffset;
foreach my $efn (@ARGV){
if (!sysopen($efh, $efn, 'O_RDONLY')){
print stderr "Cannot read $efn\\n";
next;
}
binmode($efh);
my $pos = sysseek($efh, 0x3c, SEEK_SET);
my $nr = sysread($efh, $coffOffset, 2);
if ($nr != 2){
print "$efn\\tOther\\n";
close($efh);
next;
}
my $cos = unpack('S', $coffOffset);
$pos = sysseek($efh, $cos, SEEK_SET);
my ($peSig, $peNs, $machine);
$nr = sysread($efh, $peSig, 2);
$nr += sysread($efh, $peNs, 2);
$nr += sysread($efh, $machine, 2);
my $ns = unpack('S', $peNs);
if ($nr == 6 && $ns == 0 && $peSig eq 'PE'){
my $mtype = unpack('S', $machine);
my $mt = $machineTypes{$mtype};
if (!defined($mt)){ $mt = 'Other'; }
printf("$efn\\tPE(%s)\\n", $mt);
}
else{
print "$efn\\tOther\\n";
}
close($efh);
}
</code>