I cannot reproduce in 3.44.0, so I'd be interested when the bug was introduced, and when it was fixed.
I don't have a minimal test script, but I have a test script:
If cascade is ignored, the output will be
ID|REF_CNT|NAME
1|2|C1
3|2|C3

but if CASCADE works, the output will be
ID|REF_CNT|NAME
1|1|C1


The test script is:
CREATE TABLE CREATORS (
ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
REF_CNT INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
NAME VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL
);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IDX_CREATORS_NAME ON CREATORS (NAME);
CREATE TABLE KEY_DATA (
ID              INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL
                REFERENCES KEY_ID(ID) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE,
KEY_DATA        VARCHAR(4096) NOT NULL,
CREATOR_ID      INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES CREATORS(ID)
    ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE RESTRICT,
CREATED         DATETIME,
MODIFIED        DATETIME,
LOCKED          DATETIME);
CREATE INDEX IDX_KEYDATA_CREATOR ON KEY_DATA (CREATOR_ID);
CREATE TABLE KEY_TYPE (
ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
REF_CNT INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
NAME VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL
);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IDX_KEY_TYPE_NAME ON KEY_TYPE (NAME);
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_KEY_TYPE_DEL AFTER UPDATE OF REF_CNT ON KEY_TYPE
FOR EACH ROW WHEN NEW.REF_CNT = 0 BEGIN
    DELETE FROM KEY_TYPE WHERE ID = OLD.ID;
END;
CREATE TABLE KEY_ID (
ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
TYPE_ID INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES KEY_TYPE(ID)
    ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT,
NAME VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL
);
CREATE INDEX IDX_KEY_ID_TYPE_ID ON KEY_ID (TYPE_ID);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IDX_KEY_ID_TYPE_INST ON KEY_ID (TYPE_ID, NAME);
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_CREATORS_DEL AFTER UPDATE OF REF_CNT ON CREATORS
FOR EACH ROW WHEN NEW.REF_CNT = 0 BEGIN
    DELETE FROM CREATORS WHERE ID = OLD.ID;
END;
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_CREATOR_ID_ADD AFTER INSERT ON KEY_DATA
FOR EACH ROW WHEN NEW.CREATOR_ID = NEW.CREATOR_ID BEGIN
    UPDATE CREATORS SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_DATA WHERE CREATOR_ID = NEW.CREATOR_ID)
    WHERE ID = NEW.CREATOR_ID;
END;
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_CREATOR_ID_UPD AFTER UPDATE OF CREATOR_ID ON KEY_DATA
FOR EACH ROW WHEN NEW.CREATOR_ID != OLD.CREATOR_ID BEGIN
    UPDATE CREATORS SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_DATA WHERE CREATOR_ID = OLD.CREATOR_ID)
    WHERE ID = OLD.CREATOR_ID;
    UPDATE CREATORS SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_DATA WHERE CREATOR_ID = NEW.CREATOR_ID)
    WHERE ID = NEW.CREATOR_ID;
END;
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_CREATOR_ID_DEL AFTER DELETE ON KEY_DATA
FOR EACH ROW WHEN OLD.CREATOR_ID = OLD.CREATOR_ID BEGIN
    UPDATE CREATORS SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_DATA WHERE CREATOR_ID = OLD.CREATOR_ID)
    WHERE ID = OLD.CREATOR_ID;
END;
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_KEY_ID_ADD AFTER INSERT ON KEY_ID
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
    UPDATE KEY_TYPE SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_ID WHERE TYPE_ID = NEW.TYPE_ID)
    WHERE ID = NEW.TYPE_ID;
END;
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_KEY_ID_UPD AFTER UPDATE OF TYPE_ID ON KEY_ID
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
    UPDATE KEY_TYPE SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_ID WHERE TYPE_ID = OLD.TYPE_ID)
    WHERE ID = OLD.TYPE_ID;
    UPDATE KEY_TYPE SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_ID WHERE TYPE_ID = NEW.TYPE_ID)
    WHERE ID = NEW.TYPE_ID;
END;
CREATE TRIGGER TRG_KEY_ID_DEL AFTER DELETE ON KEY_ID
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
    UPDATE KEY_TYPE SET REF_CNT =
        (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM KEY_ID WHERE TYPE_ID = OLD.TYPE_ID)
    WHERE ID = OLD.TYPE_ID;
END;
CREATE VIEW V_KEY_METADATA AS
SELECT
    KEY_TYPE.NAME AS TYPE,
    KEY_ID.NAME,
    CREATORS.NAME AS CREATOR,
    CREATED, MODIFIED, LOCKED
FROM KEY_TYPE
INNER JOIN KEY_ID ON KEY_TYPE.ID = KEY_ID.TYPE_ID
INNER JOIN KEY_DATA ON KEY_DATA.ID = KEY_ID.ID
INNER JOIN CREATORS ON CREATORS.ID = CREATOR_ID;
CREATE VIEW V_KEY_ID AS
SELECT
    KEY_TYPE.NAME AS TYPE, KEY_ID.NAME, KEY_ID.ID
FROM KEY_TYPE
INNER JOIN KEY_ID ON KEY_TYPE.ID = KEY_ID.TYPE_ID;

BEGIN TRANSACTION;
PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
INSERT INTO KEY_TYPE (NAME) VALUES ('T1'), ('T2'), ('T3');
INSERT INTO CREATORS (NAME) VALUES ('C1'), ('C2'), ('C3');
.headers ON
#SELECT REF_CNT, NAME FROM KEY_TYPE;
#SELECT REF_CNT, NAME FROM CREATORS;
INSERT INTO KEY_ID (TYPE_ID, NAME)
VALUES (1, 'N1-1'), (2, 'N2-1'), (2, 'N2-2'),
       (3, 'N3-1'), (3, 'N3-2'), (3, 'N3-3');
#SELECT ID, REF_CNT, NAME FROM KEY_TYPE;
INSERT INTO KEY_DATA (KEY_DATA, CREATOR_ID)
VALUES ('C1-1', 1), ('C2-1', 2), ('C2-2', 2),
       ('C3-1', 3), ('C3-2', 3), ('C3-3', 3);
#SELECT ID, REF_CNT, NAME FROM CREATORS;
UPDATE KEY_DATA SET CREATOR_ID=1 WHERE ID=5;
#SELECT ID, REF_CNT, NAME FROM CREATORS;
UPDATE KEY_ID SET TYPE_ID=1 WHERE NAME='N2-2';
#SELECT ID, REF_CNT, NAME FROM KEY_TYPE;
DELETE FROM KEY_ID WHERE TYPE_ID=3;
#SELECT ID, REF_CNT, NAME FROM KEY_TYPE;
DELETE FROM KEY_DATA WHERE CREATOR_ID=2;
SELECT ID, REF_CNT, NAME FROM CREATORS;
DELETE FROM KEY_DATA;
DELETE FROM KEY_ID;
COMMIT;