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     1      1   <title>Variable-Length Integers</title>
     2      2   
     3      3   A variable length integer is an encoding of 64-bit unsigned integers
     4      4   into between 1 and 9 bytes.  The encoding has the following properties:
     5      5   
     6         -  1.  Smaller (and common) values use fewer bytes and take up less space
            6  +  1.  Smaller (and more common) values use fewer bytes and take up less space
     7      7         than larger (and less common) values.
     8      8   
     9      9     2.  The length of any varint can be determined by looking at just the
    10     10         first byte of the encoding.
    11     11   
    12     12     3.  Lexicographical and numeric ordering for varints are the same.  Hence
    13     13         if a group of varints are order lexicographically (that is to say, if
    14         -      they  are order by memcmp() with shorted varints coming first) then
           14  +      they  are order by memcmp() with shorter varints coming first) then
    15     15         those varints will also be in numeric order.  This property means
    16     16         that varints can be used as keys in the key/value backend storage
    17     17         and the records will occur in numerical order of the keys.
    18     18   
    19     19   The encoding is described by algorithms to decode (convert from
    20     20   varint to 8-byte unsigned integer) and to encode (convert from
    21     21   8-byte unsigned integer to varint).  Treat each byte of the encoding