}
  sqlite4SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
  sqlite4Select(pParse, pDup, &dest);
  sqlite4SelectDelete(db, pDup);
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_TRIGGER) */

#if defined(SQLITE4_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_SUBQUERY)

/*
** Generate an expression tree to implement the WHERE, ORDER BY,
** and LIMIT/OFFSET portion of DELETE and UPDATE statements.
**
**     DELETE FROM table_wxyz WHERE a<5 ORDER BY a LIMIT 1;
**                            \__________________________/
**                               pLimitWhere (pInClause)
*/
Expr *sqlite4LimitWhere(
  Parse *pParse,               /* The parser context */
  SrcList *pSrc,               /* the FROM clause -- which tables to scan */
  Expr *pWhere,                /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
  ExprList *pOrderBy,          /* The ORDER BY clause.  May be null */
  Expr *pLimit,                /* The LIMIT clause.  May be null */
  Expr *pOffset,               /* The OFFSET clause.  May be null */
  char *zStmtType              /* Either DELETE or UPDATE.  For error messages. */
){
  Expr *pWhereRowid = NULL;    /* WHERE rowid .. */
  Expr *pInClause = NULL;      /* WHERE rowid IN ( select ) */
  Expr *pSelectRowid = NULL;   /* SELECT rowid ... */
  ExprList *pEList = NULL;     /* Expression list contaning only pSelectRowid */
  SrcList *pSelectSrc = NULL;  /* SELECT rowid FROM x ... (dup of pSrc) */
  Select *pSelect = NULL;      /* Complete SELECT tree */

  /* Check that there isn't an ORDER BY without a LIMIT clause.
  */
  if( pOrderBy && (pLimit == 0) ) {
    sqlite4ErrorMsg(pParse, "ORDER BY without LIMIT on %s", zStmtType);
    goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
  }
................................................................................
limit_where_cleanup_2:
  sqlite4ExprDelete(pParse->db, pWhere);
  sqlite4ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
  sqlite4ExprDelete(pParse->db, pLimit);
  sqlite4ExprDelete(pParse->db, pOffset);
  return 0;
}
#endif /* defined(SQLITE4_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */


/*
** Generate code for a DELETE FROM statement.
**
**     DELETE FROM table_wxyz WHERE a<5 AND b NOT NULL;
**                 \________/       \________________/
**                  pTabList              pWhere
................................................................................
  ** delete.  */
  if( sqlite4IsReadOnly(pParse, pTab, pTrigger!=0) ) goto delete_from_cleanup;
  assert( !IsView(pTab) || pTrigger );
  assert( !IsView(pTab) || pTab->pIndex==0 );

  /* Invoke the authorization callback */
  rcauth = sqlite4AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE4_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, zDb);
  assert( rcauth==SQLITE4_OK || rcauth==SQLITE4_DENY || rcauth==SQLITE4_IGNORE );

  if( rcauth==SQLITE4_DENY ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }

  /* Assign a cursor number to the table or view this statement is 
  ** deleting from. If pTab is actually a view, this will be used as the
  ** ephemeral table cursor. 

  }
  sqlite4SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
  sqlite4Select(pParse, pDup, &dest);
  sqlite4SelectDelete(db, pDup);
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_TRIGGER) */

#if defined(SQLITE4_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) \
 && !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
/*
** Generate an expression tree to implement the WHERE, ORDER BY,
** and LIMIT/OFFSET portion of DELETE and UPDATE statements.
**
**     DELETE FROM table_wxyz WHERE a<5 ORDER BY a LIMIT 1;
**                            \__________________________/
**                               pLimitWhere (pInClause)
*/
Expr *sqlite4LimitWhere(
  Parse *pParse,            /* The parser context */
  SrcList *pSrc,            /* the FROM clause -- which tables to scan */
  Expr *pWhere,             /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
  ExprList *pOrderBy,       /* The ORDER BY clause.  May be null */
  Expr *pLimit,             /* The LIMIT clause.  May be null */
  Expr *pOffset,            /* The OFFSET clause.  May be null */
  char *zStmtType           /* Either DELETE or UPDATE. For error messages. */
){
  Expr *pWhereRowid = NULL; /* WHERE rowid .. */
  Expr *pInClause = NULL;   /* WHERE rowid IN ( select ) */
  Expr *pSelectRowid = NULL;/* SELECT rowid ... */
  ExprList *pEList = NULL;  /* Expression list contaning only pSelectRowid */
  SrcList *pSelectSrc = NULL;/* SELECT rowid FROM x ... (dup of pSrc) */
  Select *pSelect = NULL;   /* Complete SELECT tree */

  /* Check that there isn't an ORDER BY without a LIMIT clause.
  */
  if( pOrderBy && (pLimit == 0) ) {
    sqlite4ErrorMsg(pParse, "ORDER BY without LIMIT on %s", zStmtType);
    goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
  }
................................................................................
limit_where_cleanup_2:
  sqlite4ExprDelete(pParse->db, pWhere);
  sqlite4ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
  sqlite4ExprDelete(pParse->db, pLimit);
  sqlite4ExprDelete(pParse->db, pOffset);
  return 0;
}
#endif /* defined(SQLITE4_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) */
       /* && !defined(SQLITE4_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */

/*
** Generate code for a DELETE FROM statement.
**
**     DELETE FROM table_wxyz WHERE a<5 AND b NOT NULL;
**                 \________/       \________________/
**                  pTabList              pWhere
................................................................................
  ** delete.  */
  if( sqlite4IsReadOnly(pParse, pTab, pTrigger!=0) ) goto delete_from_cleanup;
  assert( !IsView(pTab) || pTrigger );
  assert( !IsView(pTab) || pTab->pIndex==0 );

  /* Invoke the authorization callback */
  rcauth = sqlite4AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE4_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, zDb);
  assert( rcauth==SQLITE4_OK || rcauth==SQLITE4_DENY
         || rcauth==SQLITE4_IGNORE );
  if( rcauth==SQLITE4_DENY ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }

  /* Assign a cursor number to the table or view this statement is 
  ** deleting from. If pTab is actually a view, this will be used as the
  ** ephemeral table cursor. 

  Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
};

/*
** Bitfield flags for P5 value in OP_Insert and OP_Delete
*/
#define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* Set to update db->nChange */

#define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
#define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
#define OPFLAG_SEQCOUNT      0x10    /* Append sequence number to key */
#define OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE    0x20    /* Clear pseudo-table cache in OP_Column */
#define OPFLAG_APPENDBIAS    0x40    /* Bias inserts for appending */

/*

  Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
};

/*
** Bitfield flags for P5 value in OP_Insert and OP_Delete
*/
#define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* Set to update db->nChange */
#define OPFLAG_PARTIALKEY    0x02    /* Not all values given to OP_MakeIdxKey */
#define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
#define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
#define OPFLAG_SEQCOUNT      0x10    /* Append sequence number to key */
#define OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE    0x20    /* Clear pseudo-table cache in OP_Column */
#define OPFLAG_APPENDBIAS    0x40    /* Bias inserts for appending */

/*

** This instruction encodes the N values into a database key and writes
** the result to register P3. No affinity transformations are applied to 
** the input values before they are encoded. 
**
** If the OPFLAG_SEQCOUNT bit of P5 is set, then a sequence number 
** (unique within the cursor) is appended to the record. The sole purpose
** of this is to ensure that the key blob is unique within the cursors table.





*/
case OP_MakeIdxKey: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  Mem *pData0;                    /* First in array of input registers */
  u8 *aRec;                       /* The constructed database key */
  int nRec;                       /* Size of aRec[] in bytes */
................................................................................

  nField = pKeyInfo->nField;
  if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 && pOp->p4.i ){
    nField = pOp->p4.i;
    assert( nField<=pKeyInfo->nField );
  }
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(

    db, pData0, nField, pC->iRoot, pKeyInfo, &aRec, &nRec, nSeq
  );

  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
  }else{
    if( nSeq ){
      memcpy(&aRec[nRec], &aSeq[sizeof(aSeq)-nSeq], nSeq);
................................................................................
    }
  }

  /* Compute the key (if this is a MakeKey opcode) */
  if( pC ){
    aRec = 0;
    rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(db, 

        pData0, pC->pKeyInfo->nField, pC->iRoot, pC->pKeyInfo, &aRec, &nRec, 0
    );
    if( rc ){
      sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
    }else{
      rc = sqlite4VdbeMemSetStr(pKeyOut, (char *)aRec, nRec, 0,
                                SQLITE4_DYNAMIC, 0);
      REGISTER_TRACE(keyReg, pKeyOut);
................................................................................
  /* Encode a database key consisting of the contents of the P4 registers
  ** starting at register P3. Have the vdbecodec module allocate an extra
  ** free byte at the end of the database key (see below).  */
  op = pOp->opcode;
  nField = pOp->p4.i;
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(

      db, pIn3, nField, pC->iRoot, pC->pKeyInfo, &aProbe, &nProbe, 1
  );

  /*   Opcode    search-dir    increment-key
  **  --------------------------------------
  **   SeekLt    -1            no
  **   SeekLe    -1            yes
  **   SeekGe    +1            no
................................................................................
  KVSize nKey;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable );
  pKVCur = pC->pKVCur;
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(db, aMem+pOp->p2, 1, pC->iRoot, 0,
                            &aKey, &nKey, 0);
  if( rc==SQLITE4_OK ){
    rc = sqlite4KVCursorSeek(pKVCur, aKey, nKey, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE4_NOTFOUND ) rc = SQLITE4_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  sqlite4DbFree(db, aKey);
  break;
................................................................................
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pC->pKVCur!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable==0 || pOp->opcode==OP_NotExists );
  if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
    rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(db, pIn3, pOp->p4.i, pC->iRoot,

                              pC->pKeyInfo, &pProbe, &nProbe, 0);

    pFree = pProbe;
  }else{
    pProbe = (KVByteArray*)pIn3->z;
    nProbe = pIn3->n;
    pFree = 0;
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE4_OK ){

** This instruction encodes the N values into a database key and writes
** the result to register P3. No affinity transformations are applied to 
** the input values before they are encoded. 
**
** If the OPFLAG_SEQCOUNT bit of P5 is set, then a sequence number 
** (unique within the cursor) is appended to the record. The sole purpose
** of this is to ensure that the key blob is unique within the cursors table.
**
** If the OPFLAG_PARTIALKEY bit of P5 is set, that means the value supplied
** for N is not the true number of values in the key, only the number that
** need to be encoded for this operation.  This effects the encoding of
** final BLOBs.
*/
case OP_MakeIdxKey: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  Mem *pData0;                    /* First in array of input registers */
  u8 *aRec;                       /* The constructed database key */
  int nRec;                       /* Size of aRec[] in bytes */
................................................................................

  nField = pKeyInfo->nField;
  if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 && pOp->p4.i ){
    nField = pOp->p4.i;
    assert( nField<=pKeyInfo->nField );
  }
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
    db, pData0, nField, nField+(pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_PARTIALKEY),
    pC->iRoot, pKeyInfo, &aRec, &nRec, nSeq
  );

  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
  }else{
    if( nSeq ){
      memcpy(&aRec[nRec], &aSeq[sizeof(aSeq)-nSeq], nSeq);
................................................................................
    }
  }

  /* Compute the key (if this is a MakeKey opcode) */
  if( pC ){
    aRec = 0;
    rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(db, 
        pData0, pC->pKeyInfo->nField, pC->pKeyInfo->nField,
        pC->iRoot, pC->pKeyInfo, &aRec, &nRec, 0
    );
    if( rc ){
      sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
    }else{
      rc = sqlite4VdbeMemSetStr(pKeyOut, (char *)aRec, nRec, 0,
                                SQLITE4_DYNAMIC, 0);
      REGISTER_TRACE(keyReg, pKeyOut);
................................................................................
  /* Encode a database key consisting of the contents of the P4 registers
  ** starting at register P3. Have the vdbecodec module allocate an extra
  ** free byte at the end of the database key (see below).  */
  op = pOp->opcode;
  nField = pOp->p4.i;
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
      db, pIn3, nField, nField+(pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_PARTIALKEY),
      pC->iRoot, pC->pKeyInfo, &aProbe, &nProbe, 1
  );

  /*   Opcode    search-dir    increment-key
  **  --------------------------------------
  **   SeekLt    -1            no
  **   SeekLe    -1            yes
  **   SeekGe    +1            no
................................................................................
  KVSize nKey;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable );
  pKVCur = pC->pKVCur;
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(db, aMem+pOp->p2, 1, 1, pC->iRoot, 0,
                            &aKey, &nKey, 0);
  if( rc==SQLITE4_OK ){
    rc = sqlite4KVCursorSeek(pKVCur, aKey, nKey, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE4_NOTFOUND ) rc = SQLITE4_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  sqlite4DbFree(db, aKey);
  break;
................................................................................
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pC->pKVCur!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable==0 || pOp->opcode==OP_NotExists );
  if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
    rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
        db, pIn3, pOp->p4.i, pOp->p4.i + (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_PARTIALKEY),
        pC->iRoot, pC->pKeyInfo, &pProbe, &nProbe, 0
    );
    pFree = pProbe;
  }else{
    pProbe = (KVByteArray*)pIn3->z;
    nProbe = pIn3->n;
    pFree = 0;
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE4_OK ){

  u8 **pzOut,                 /* The output data record */
  int *pnOut                  /* Bytes of content in pzOut */
);
int sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
  sqlite4 *db,                 /* The database connection */
  Mem *aIn,                    /* Values to be encoded */
  int nIn,                     /* Number of entries in aIn[] */

  int iTabno,                  /* The table this key applies to */
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,           /* Collating sequence information */
  u8 **pzOut,                  /* Write the resulting key here */
  int *pnOut,                  /* Number of bytes in the key */
  int bIncr                    /* Make the key "incrementable" */
);
int sqlite4VdbeEncodeIntKey(u8 *aBuf,sqlite4_int64 v);
int sqlite4VdbeDecodeIntKey(const KVByteArray*, KVSize, sqlite4_int64*);
int sqlite4VdbeShortKey(const u8 *, int, int);
int sqlite4MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);
int sqlite4VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
int sqlite4VdbeList(Vdbe*);

  u8 **pzOut,                 /* The output data record */
  int *pnOut                  /* Bytes of content in pzOut */
);
int sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
  sqlite4 *db,                 /* The database connection */
  Mem *aIn,                    /* Values to be encoded */
  int nIn,                     /* Number of entries in aIn[] */
  int nInTotal,                /* Number of values in complete key */
  int iTabno,                  /* The table this key applies to */
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,           /* Collating sequence information */
  u8 **pzOut,                  /* Write the resulting key here */
  int *pnOut,                  /* Number of bytes in the key */
  int nExtra                   /* Append extra bytes on end of key */
);
int sqlite4VdbeEncodeIntKey(u8 *aBuf,sqlite4_int64 v);
int sqlite4VdbeDecodeIntKey(const KVByteArray*, KVSize, sqlite4_int64*);
int sqlite4VdbeShortKey(const u8 *, int, int);
int sqlite4MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);
int sqlite4VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
int sqlite4VdbeList(Vdbe*);

}


/*
** Encode a single column of the key
*/
static int encodeOneKeyValue(
  KeyEncoder *p,
  Mem *pMem,
  u8 sortOrder,

  CollSeq *pColl
){
  int flags = pMem->flags;
  int i, e;
  int n;
  int iStart = p->nOut;
  if( flags & MEM_Null ){
    if( enlargeEncoderAllocation(p, 1) ) return SQLITE4_NOMEM;
................................................................................
      p->nOut += n;
    }
    p->aOut[p->nOut++] = 0x00;

    /* Release any memory allocated to hold the translated text */
    if( pEnc==&sMem ) sqlite4VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);








  }else
  {

    const unsigned char *a;
    unsigned char s, t;
    assert( flags & MEM_Blob );
    n = pMem->n;
    a = (u8*)pMem->z;
    s = 1;
    t = 0;
................................................................................
        while( *(p++) );
        break;

      case 0xDB:                  /* Text (descending index) */
      case 0xDA:                  /* Blob (descending index) */
        while( (0xFF!=*(p++)) );
        break;





      case 0x22: case 0xDD:       /* Large positive number */
      case 0x14: case 0xEB:       /* Small negative number */
      case 0x16: case 0xE9:       /* Small positive number */
      case 0x08: case 0xF7: {     /* Large negative number */
        u8 d;                     /* Value of byte following "c" */

................................................................................
** Space to hold the key is obtained from sqlite4DbMalloc() and should
** be freed by the caller using sqlite4DbFree() to avoid a memory leak.
*/
int sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
  sqlite4 *db,                 /* The database connection */
  Mem *aIn,                    /* Values to be encoded */
  int nIn,                     /* Number of entries in aIn[] */

  int iTabno,                  /* The table this key applies to */
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,           /* Collating sequence and sort-order info */
  u8 **paOut,                  /* Write the resulting key here */
  int *pnOut,                  /* Number of bytes in the key */
  int nExtra                   /* See above */
){
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE4_OK;
  KeyEncoder x;
  u8 *so;
  CollSeq **aColl;

................................................................................
  *pnOut = 0;

  if( enlargeEncoderAllocation(&x, (nIn+1)*10) ) return SQLITE4_NOMEM;
  x.nOut = sqlite4PutVarint64(x.aOut, iTabno);
  aColl = pKeyInfo->aColl;
  so = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder;
  for(i=0; i<nIn && rc==SQLITE4_OK; i++){
    rc = encodeOneKeyValue(&x, aIn+i, so ? so[i] : SQLITE4_SO_ASC, aColl[i]);

  }

  if( rc==SQLITE4_OK && nExtra ){ rc = enlargeEncoderAllocation(&x, nExtra); }
  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, x.aOut);
  }else{
    *paOut = x.aOut;

}


/*
** Encode a single column of the key
*/
static int encodeOneKeyValue(
  KeyEncoder *p,    /* Key encoder context */
  Mem *pMem,        /* Value to be encoded */
  u8 sortOrder,     /* Sort order for this value */
  u8 isLastValue,   /* True if this is the last value in the key */
  CollSeq *pColl    /* Collating sequence for the value */
){
  int flags = pMem->flags;
  int i, e;
  int n;
  int iStart = p->nOut;
  if( flags & MEM_Null ){
    if( enlargeEncoderAllocation(p, 1) ) return SQLITE4_NOMEM;
................................................................................
      p->nOut += n;
    }
    p->aOut[p->nOut++] = 0x00;

    /* Release any memory allocated to hold the translated text */
    if( pEnc==&sMem ) sqlite4VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);

  }else if( isLastValue ){
    /* A BLOB value that is the right-most value of a key */
    assert( flags & MEM_Blob );
    if( enlargeEncoderAllocation(p, pMem->n+1) ) return SQLITE4_NOMEM;
    p->aOut[p->nOut++] = 0x26;
    memcpy(p->aOut+p->nOut, pMem->z, pMem->n);
    p->nOut += pMem->n;
  }else{

    /* A BLOB value that is followed by other values */
    const unsigned char *a;
    unsigned char s, t;
    assert( flags & MEM_Blob );
    n = pMem->n;
    a = (u8*)pMem->z;
    s = 1;
    t = 0;
................................................................................
        while( *(p++) );
        break;

      case 0xDB:                  /* Text (descending index) */
      case 0xDA:                  /* Blob (descending index) */
        while( (0xFF!=*(p++)) );
        break;

      case 0x26:                  /* Blob-final (ascending) */
      case 0xD9:                  /* Blob-final (descending) */
        return nKey;

      case 0x22: case 0xDD:       /* Large positive number */
      case 0x14: case 0xEB:       /* Small negative number */
      case 0x16: case 0xE9:       /* Small positive number */
      case 0x08: case 0xF7: {     /* Large negative number */
        u8 d;                     /* Value of byte following "c" */

................................................................................
** Space to hold the key is obtained from sqlite4DbMalloc() and should
** be freed by the caller using sqlite4DbFree() to avoid a memory leak.
*/
int sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
  sqlite4 *db,                 /* The database connection */
  Mem *aIn,                    /* Values to be encoded */
  int nIn,                     /* Number of entries in aIn[] */
  int nInTotal,                /* Number of values in a complete key */
  int iTabno,                  /* The table this key applies to */
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,           /* Collating sequence and sort-order info */
  u8 **paOut,                  /* Write the resulting key here */
  int *pnOut,                  /* Number of bytes in the key */
  int nExtra                   /* extra bytes of space appended to the key */
){
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE4_OK;
  KeyEncoder x;
  u8 *so;
  CollSeq **aColl;

................................................................................
  *pnOut = 0;

  if( enlargeEncoderAllocation(&x, (nIn+1)*10) ) return SQLITE4_NOMEM;
  x.nOut = sqlite4PutVarint64(x.aOut, iTabno);
  aColl = pKeyInfo->aColl;
  so = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder;
  for(i=0; i<nIn && rc==SQLITE4_OK; i++){
    rc = encodeOneKeyValue(&x, aIn+i, so ? so[i] : SQLITE4_SO_ASC,
                           i==nInTotal-1, aColl[i]);
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE4_OK && nExtra ){ rc = enlargeEncoderAllocation(&x, nExtra); }
  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, x.aOut);
  }else{
    *paOut = x.aOut;

    testcase( op==OP_Rewind );
    testcase( op==OP_Last );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekGt );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekGe );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekLe );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekLt );
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);




    /* Set variable op to the instruction required to determine if the
    ** cursor is passed the end of the range. If the range is unbounded,
    ** then set op to OP_Noop. Nothing to do in this case.  */
    assert( (endEq==0 || endEq==1) );
    op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + (endEq+endEq) + bRev)];
    testcase( op==OP_Noop );

    testcase( op==OP_Rewind );
    testcase( op==OP_Last );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekGt );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekGe );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekLe );
    testcase( op==OP_SeekLt );
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
    if( pIdx->nColumn>nEq ){
      sqlite4VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_PARTIALKEY);
    }

    /* Set variable op to the instruction required to determine if the
    ** cursor is passed the end of the range. If the range is unbounded,
    ** then set op to OP_Noop. Nothing to do in this case.  */
    assert( (endEq==0 || endEq==1) );
    op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + (endEq+endEq) + bRev)];
    testcase( op==OP_Noop );

The text encoding ends in 0x00 in order to ensure that when there are
two strings where one is a prefix of the other that the shorter string
will sort first.

<h2>Binary Encoding</h2>





Each SQL value that is BINARY begins with a single byte of 0x25 and
ends with a single byte of 0x00.  There are zero or more intervening bytes
that encode the binary value.  None of the intervening bytes may be zero.
Each of the intervening bytes contains 7 bits of blob content with a 1 in
the high-order bit (the 0x80 bit).  The final byte before the 0x00 contains
any left-over bits of the blob content.







The initial byte of a binary value, 0x25, is larger than the initial
byte of a text value, 0x24, ensuring that every binary value will sort
after every text value.

<h2>Numeric Encoding</h2>

Numeric SQL values must be coded so as to sort in numeric order.  We assume
that numeric SQL values can be both integer and floating point values.
................................................................................
<tr><td>  zero               <td><td> 0x15
<tr><td>  positive small     <td><td> 0x16,   ~-E,    M
<tr><td>  positive medium    <td><td> 0x17+E,   M
<tr><td>  positive large     <td><td> 0x22,     E,    M
<tr><td>  positive infinity  <td><td> 0x23
<tr><td>  text               <td><td> 0x24,     T
<tr><td>  binary             <td><td> 0x25,     B

</table><blockquote>

The text encoding ends in 0x00 in order to ensure that when there are
two strings where one is a prefix of the other that the shorter string
will sort first.

<h2>Binary Encoding</h2>

The encoding of binaries fields is different depending on whether or not
the value to be encoded is the last value (the right-most value) in the key.

Each SQL value that is BINARY that is not the last value of the key
begins with a single byte of 0x25 and
ends with a single byte of 0x00.  There are zero or more intervening bytes
that encode the binary value.  None of the intervening bytes may be zero.
Each of the intervening bytes contains 7 bits of blob content with a 1 in
the high-order bit (the 0x80 bit).  The final byte before the 0x00 contains
any left-over bits of the blob content.

When the very last value of a key is BINARY, then it is encoded as a single
byte of 0x26 and is followed by a byte-for-byte copy of the BINARY value.
This alternative encoding is more efficient, but it only works if there are
no subsequent values in the key, since there is no termination mark on the
BLOB being encoded.

The initial byte of a binary value, 0x25 or 0x26, is larger than the initial
byte of a text value, 0x24, ensuring that every binary value will sort
after every text value.

<h2>Numeric Encoding</h2>

Numeric SQL values must be coded so as to sort in numeric order.  We assume
that numeric SQL values can be both integer and floating point values.
................................................................................
<tr><td>  zero               <td><td> 0x15
<tr><td>  positive small     <td><td> 0x16,   ~-E,    M
<tr><td>  positive medium    <td><td> 0x17+E,   M
<tr><td>  positive large     <td><td> 0x22,     E,    M
<tr><td>  positive infinity  <td><td> 0x23
<tr><td>  text               <td><td> 0x24,     T
<tr><td>  binary             <td><td> 0x25,     B
<tr><td>  final binary       <td><td> 0x26,     X
</table><blockquote>