Index: src/insert.c
==================================================================
--- src/insert.c
+++ src/insert.c
@@ -1504,33 +1504,32 @@
           VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s", pTab->zName,
                        pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[i]].zName));
         }
       }
       if( isUpdate ){
-        if( pIdx->autoIndex==2 ){
-          /* For a PRIMARY KEY index on a WITHOUT ROWID table, always conflict
-          ** on an INSERT.  On an UPDATE, only conflict if the PRIMARY KEY
-          ** has changed. */
-          int addrPkConflict = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol;
-          for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol-1; i++){
-            x = pPk->aiColumn[i];
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, regOldData+1+x,
-                              addrPkConflict, regIdx+i);
-          }
+        /* If currently processing the PRIMARY KEY of a WITHOUT ROWID 
+        ** table, only conflict if the new PRIMARY KEY values are actually
+        ** different from the old.
+        **
+        ** For a UNIQUE index, only conflict if the PRIMARY KEY values
+        ** of the matched index row are different from the original PRIMARY
+        ** KEY values of this row before the update.  */
+        char *p4; 
+        int addrJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol;
+        int op = OP_Ne;
+        int regCmp = (pIdx->autoIndex==2 ? regIdx : regR);
+
+        for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
+          char *p4 = (char*)sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, pPk->azColl[i]);
           x = pPk->aiColumn[i];
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regOldData+1+x, addrUniqueOk, regIdx+i);
-        }else{
-          /* For a UNIQUE index on a WITHOUT ROWID table, conflict only if the
-          ** PRIMARY KEY value of the match is different from the old
-          ** PRIMARY KEY value from before the update. */
-          int addrConflict = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol;
-          for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol-1; i++){
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, regOldData+pPk->aiColumn[i]+1,
-                              addrConflict, regR+i);
+          if( i==(pPk->nKeyCol-1) ){
+            addrJump = addrUniqueOk;
+            op = OP_Eq;
           }
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regOldData+pPk->aiColumn[i]+1,
-                            addrUniqueOk, regR+i);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, 
+              regOldData+1+x, addrJump, regCmp+i, p4, P4_COLLSEQ
+          );
         }
       }
     }
     sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn);
 

Index: test/tester.tcl
==================================================================
--- test/tester.tcl
+++ test/tester.tcl
@@ -1020,10 +1020,54 @@
     puts [format {%-4d  %-12.12s  %-6d  %-6d  %-6d  % -17s %s  %s} \
       $addr $opcode $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5 $comment
     ]
   }
 }
+
+proc explain_i {sql {db db}} {
+  puts ""
+  puts "addr  opcode        p1      p2      p3      p4                p5  #"
+  puts "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ----------------  --  -"
+
+  set addrTail 0
+
+  $db eval "explain $sql" {} {
+    set x($addr) 0
+    set op($addr) $opcode
+
+    if {$opcode == "Goto" && $addrTail==0} {
+      set addrTail $p2
+    }
+
+    if {$opcode == "Next"} {
+      for {set i $p2} {$i<$addr} {incr i} {
+        incr x($i) 2
+      }
+    }
+
+    if {$opcode == "Goto" && $p2<$addr && $op($p2)=="Yield"} {
+      for {set i [expr $p2+1]} {$i<$addr} {incr i} {
+        incr x($i) 2
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  $db eval "explain $sql" {} {
+    if {$addr == $addrTail} {
+      puts ""
+    }
+    set I [string repeat " " $x($addr)]
+    puts [format {%-4d  %s%-12.12s  %-6d  %-6d  %-6d  % -17s %s  %s} \
+      $addr $I $opcode $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5 $comment
+    ]
+
+    if {$opcode == "Halt" && $comment == "End of coroutine"} {
+      puts ""
+    }
+  }
+  puts "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ----------------  --  -"
+}
 
 # Show the VDBE program for an SQL statement but omit the Trace
 # opcode at the beginning.  This procedure can be used to prove
 # that different SQL statements generate exactly the same VDBE code.
 #

Index: test/without_rowid1.test
==================================================================
--- test/without_rowid1.test
+++ test/without_rowid1.test
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@
 # focus of this file is testing WITHOUT ROWID tables.
 #
 
 set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
 source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix without_rowid1
 
 # Create and query a WITHOUT ROWID table.
 #
 do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.0 {
   CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d, PRIMARY KEY(c,a)) WITHOUT ROWID;
@@ -105,7 +106,53 @@
 ifcapable stat4 {
   do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.52 {
     SELECT DISTINCT tbl, idx FROM sqlite_stat4 ORDER BY idx;
   } {t1 t1 t1 t1bd}
 }
+
+#----------
+
+do_execsql_test 2.1.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t4 (a COLLATE nocase PRIMARY KEY, b) WITHOUT ROWID;
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('abc', 'def');
+  SELECT * FROM t4;
+} {abc def}
+do_execsql_test 2.1.2 {
+  UPDATE t4 SET a = 'ABC';
+  SELECT * FROM t4;
+} {ABC def}
+
+do_execsql_test 2.2.1 {
+  DROP TABLE t4;
+  CREATE TABLE t4 (b, a COLLATE nocase PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID;
+  INSERT INTO t4(a, b) VALUES('abc', 'def');
+  SELECT * FROM t4;
+} {def abc}
+
+do_execsql_test 2.2.2 {
+  UPDATE t4 SET a = 'ABC', b = 'xyz';
+  SELECT * FROM t4;
+} {xyz ABC}
+
+do_execsql_test 2.3.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t5 (a, b, PRIMARY KEY(b, a)) WITHOUT ROWID;
+  INSERT INTO t5(a, b) VALUES('abc', 'def');
+  UPDATE t5 SET a='abc', b='def';
+} {}
+
+do_execsql_test 2.4.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t6 (
+    a COLLATE nocase, b, c UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY(b, a)
+  ) WITHOUT ROWID;
+
+  INSERT INTO t6(a, b, c) VALUES('abc', 'def', 'ghi');
+  UPDATE t6 SET a='ABC', c='ghi';
+} {}
+
+do_execsql_test 2.4.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t6 ORDER BY b, a;
+  SELECT * FROM t6 ORDER BY c;
+} {ABC def ghi ABC def ghi}
+
 
 finish_test
+