SQLite

    }
  }


  /* Get the VDBE program ready for execution
  */
  if( v && pParse->nErr==0 && !db->mallocFailed ){
    assert( pParse->iCacheLevel==0 );  /* Disables and re-enables match */
    /* A minimum of one cursor is required if autoincrement is used
    *  See ticket [a696379c1f08866] */
    if( pParse->pAinc!=0 && pParse->nTab==0 ) pParse->nTab = 1;
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse);
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }else{
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;

      for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
        assert( pPk->aiColumn[i]>=0 );
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iTabCur,
                                        pPk->aiColumn[i], iPk+i);
      }
      iKey = iPk;
    }else{
      iKey = pParse->nMem + 1;
      iKey = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, -1, iTabCur, iKey, 0);
      if( iKey>pParse->nMem ) pParse->nMem = iKey;
    }
  
    if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
      /* For ONEPASS, no need to store the rowid/primary-key. There is only
      ** one, so just keep it in its register(s) and fall through to the
      ** delete code.  */
      nKey = nPk; /* OP_Found will use an unpacked key */

  int regBase;
  int nCol;

  if( piPartIdxLabel ){
    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
      *piPartIdxLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, *piPartIdxLabel, 
                            SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
    }else{
      *piPartIdxLabel = 0;
    }
  }

** If a prior call to sqlite3GenerateIndexKey() generated a jump-over label
** because it was a partial index, then this routine should be called to
** resolve that label.
*/
void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse *pParse, int iLabel){
  if( iLabel ){
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(pParse->pVdbe, iLabel);
    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
  }
}

  regRight = exprCodeSubselect(pParse, pRight);

  for(i=0; 1 /*Loop exits by "break"*/; i++){
    int regFree1 = 0, regFree2 = 0;
    Expr *pL, *pR; 
    int r1, r2;
    assert( i>=0 && i<nLeft );
    if( i>0 ) sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
    r1 = exprVectorRegister(pParse, pLeft, i, regLeft, &pL, &regFree1);
    r2 = exprVectorRegister(pParse, pRight, i, regRight, &pR, &regFree2);
    codeCompare(pParse, pL, pR, opx, r1, r2, dest, p5);
    testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
    testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
    testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
    testcase(op==OP_Ge); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ge);
    testcase(op==OP_Eq); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Eq);
    testcase(op==OP_Ne); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ne);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
    if( i>0 ) sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
    if( i==nLeft-1 ){
      break;
    }
    if( opx==TK_EQ ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNot, dest, addrDone); VdbeCoverage(v);
      p5 |= SQLITE_KEEPNULL;
    }else if( opx==TK_NE ){

  int rHasNullFlag,       /* Register that records whether NULLs exist in RHS */
  int isRowid             /* If true, LHS of IN operator is a rowid */
){
  int jmpIfDynamic = -1;                      /* One-time test address */
  int rReg = 0;                           /* Register storing resulting */
  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( NEVER(v==0) ) return 0;
  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);

  /* The evaluation of the IN/EXISTS/SELECT must be repeated every time it
  ** is encountered if any of the following is true:
  **
  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
  **    *  We are inside a trigger

            if( isRowid ){
              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, r3,
                                sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
              VdbeCoverage(v);
              sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pExpr->iTable, r2, r3);
            }else{
              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, r3, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
              sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r3, 1);
              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, pExpr->iTable, r2, r3, 1);
            }
          }
        }
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
      }

  if( rHasNullFlag ){
    sqlite3SetHasNullFlag(v, pExpr->iTable, rHasNullFlag);
  }

  if( jmpIfDynamic>=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmpIfDynamic);
  }
  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);

  return rReg;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*

  ** at r1.
  **
  ** sqlite3FindInIndex() might have reordered the fields of the LHS vector
  ** so that the fields are in the same order as an existing index.   The
  ** aiMap[] array contains a mapping from the original LHS field order to
  ** the field order that matches the RHS index.
  */
  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
  rLhsOrig = exprCodeVector(pParse, pLeft, &iDummy);
  for(i=0; i<nVector && aiMap[i]==i; i++){} /* Are LHS fields reordered? */
  if( i==nVector ){
    /* LHS fields are not reordered */
    rLhs = rLhsOrig;
  }else{
    /* Need to reorder the LHS fields according to aiMap */

  }

  /* Jumps here in order to return true. */
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTruthOp);

sqlite3ExprCodeIN_finished:
  if( rLhs!=rLhsOrig ) sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, rLhs);
  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
  VdbeComment((v, "end IN expr"));
sqlite3ExprCodeIN_oom_error:
  sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, aiMap);
  sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, zAff);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    }else{
      if( negFlag ){ value = c==3 ? SMALLEST_INT64 : -value; }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Dup8(v, OP_Int64, 0, iMem, 0, (u8*)&value, P4_INT64);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Erase column-cache entry number i
*/
static void cacheEntryClear(Parse *pParse, int i){
  if( pParse->aColCache[i].tempReg ){
    if( pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg) ){
      pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = pParse->aColCache[i].iReg;
    }
  }
  pParse->nColCache--;
  if( i<pParse->nColCache ){
    pParse->aColCache[i] = pParse->aColCache[pParse->nColCache];
  }
}


/*
** Record in the column cache that a particular column from a
** particular table is stored in a particular register.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse *pParse, int iTab, int iCol, int iReg){
  int i;
  int minLru;
  int idxLru;
  struct yColCache *p;

  /* Unless an error has occurred, register numbers are always positive. */
  assert( iReg>0 || pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  assert( iCol>=-1 && iCol<32768 );  /* Finite column numbers */

  /* The SQLITE_ColumnCache flag disables the column cache.  This is used
  ** for testing only - to verify that SQLite always gets the same answer
  ** with and without the column cache.
  */
  if( OptimizationDisabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_ColumnCache) ) return;

  /* First replace any existing entry.
  **
  ** Actually, the way the column cache is currently used, we are guaranteed
  ** that the object will never already be in cache.  Verify this guarantee.
  */
#ifndef NDEBUG
  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<pParse->nColCache; i++, p++){
    assert( p->iTable!=iTab || p->iColumn!=iCol );
  }
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
  /* Add a SetTabCol opcode for run-time verification that the column
  ** cache is working correctly.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_SetTabCol, iTab, iCol, iReg);
#endif

  /* If the cache is already full, delete the least recently used entry */
  if( pParse->nColCache>=SQLITE_N_COLCACHE ){
    minLru = 0x7fffffff;
    idxLru = -1;
    for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
      if( p->lru<minLru ){
        idxLru = i;
        minLru = p->lru;
      }
    }
    p = &pParse->aColCache[idxLru];
  }else{
    p = &pParse->aColCache[pParse->nColCache++];
  }

  /* Add the new entry to the end of the cache */
  p->iLevel = pParse->iCacheLevel;
  p->iTable = iTab;
  p->iColumn = iCol;
  p->iReg = iReg;
  p->tempReg = 0;
  p->lru = pParse->iCacheCnt++;
}

/*
** Indicate that registers between iReg..iReg+nReg-1 are being overwritten.
** Purge the range of registers from the column cache.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse *pParse, int iReg, int nReg){
  int i = 0;
  while( i<pParse->nColCache ){
    struct yColCache *p = &pParse->aColCache[i];
    if( p->iReg >= iReg && p->iReg < iReg+nReg ){
      cacheEntryClear(pParse, i);
    }else{
      i++;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Remember the current column cache context.  Any new entries added
** added to the column cache after this call are removed when the
** corresponding pop occurs.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse *pParse){
  pParse->iCacheLevel++;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
    printf("PUSH to %d\n", pParse->iCacheLevel);
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Remove from the column cache any entries that were added since the
** the previous sqlite3ExprCachePush operation.  In other words, restore
** the cache to the state it was in prior the most recent Push.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse *pParse){
  int i = 0;
  assert( pParse->iCacheLevel>=1 );
  pParse->iCacheLevel--;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
    printf("POP  to %d\n", pParse->iCacheLevel);
  }
#endif
  while( i<pParse->nColCache ){
    if( pParse->aColCache[i].iLevel>pParse->iCacheLevel ){
      cacheEntryClear(pParse, i);
    }else{
      i++;
    }
  }
}

/*
** When a cached column is reused, make sure that its register is
** no longer available as a temp register.  ticket #3879:  that same
** register might be in the cache in multiple places, so be sure to
** get them all.
*/
static void sqlite3ExprCachePinRegister(Parse *pParse, int iReg){
  int i;
  struct yColCache *p;
  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<pParse->nColCache; i++, p++){
    if( p->iReg==iReg ){
      p->tempReg = 0;
    }
  }
}

/* Generate code that will load into register regOut a value that is
** appropriate for the iIdxCol-th column of index pIdx.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(
  Parse *pParse,  /* The parsing context */
  Index *pIdx,    /* The index whose column is to be loaded */

  if( iCol>=0 ){
    sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, iCol, regOut);
  }
}

/*
** Generate code that will extract the iColumn-th column from
** table pTab and store the column value in a register. 
**
** An effort is made to store the column value in register iReg.  This
** is not garanteeed for GetColumn() - the result can be stored in
** any register.  But the result is guaranteed to land in register iReg
** for GetColumnToReg().
**
** There must be an open cursor to pTab in iTable when this routine
** is called.  If iColumn<0 then code is generated that extracts the rowid.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(
  Parse *pParse,   /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Table *pTab,     /* Description of the table we are reading from */
  int iColumn,     /* Index of the table column */
  int iTable,      /* The cursor pointing to the table */
  int iReg,        /* Store results here */
  u8 p5            /* P5 value for OP_Column + FLAGS */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  struct yColCache *p;

  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<pParse->nColCache; i++, p++){
    if( p->iTable==iTable && p->iColumn==iColumn ){
      p->lru = pParse->iCacheCnt++;
      sqlite3ExprCachePinRegister(pParse, p->iReg);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VerifyTabCol, iTable, iColumn, p->iReg);
#endif
      return p->iReg;
    }
  }  
  assert( v!=0 );
  sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iTable, iColumn, iReg);
  if( p5 ){
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, p5);
  }else{   
    sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iTable, iColumn, iReg);
  }
  return iReg;
}
void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(
  Parse *pParse,   /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Table *pTab,     /* Description of the table we are reading from */
  int iColumn,     /* Index of the table column */
  int iTable,      /* The cursor pointing to the table */
  int iReg         /* Store results here */
){
  int r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, iColumn, iTable, iReg, 0);
  if( r1!=iReg ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_SCopy, r1, iReg);
}


/*
** Clear all column cache entries.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse *pParse){
  int i;

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
    printf("CLEAR\n");
  }
#endif
  for(i=0; i<pParse->nColCache; i++){
    if( pParse->aColCache[i].tempReg
     && pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg)
    ){
       pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = pParse->aColCache[i].iReg;
    }
  }
  pParse->nColCache = 0;
}

/*
** Record the fact that an affinity change has occurred on iCount
** registers starting with iStart.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse *pParse, int iStart, int iCount){
  sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, iStart, iCount);
}

/*
** Generate code to move content from registers iFrom...iFrom+nReg-1
** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1. Keep the column cache up-to-date.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){
  assert( iFrom>=iTo+nReg || iFrom+nReg<=iTo );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Move, iFrom, iTo, nReg);
  sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, iFrom, nReg);
}

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
/*
** Return true if any register in the range iFrom..iTo (inclusive)
** is used as part of the column cache.
**
** This routine is used within assert() and testcase() macros only
** and does not appear in a normal build.
*/
static int usedAsColumnCache(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo){
  int i;
  struct yColCache *p;
  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<pParse->nColCache; i++, p++){
    int r = p->iReg;
    if( r>=iFrom && r<=iTo ) return 1;    /*NO_TEST*/
  }
  return 0;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG || SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST */


/*
** Convert a scalar expression node to a TK_REGISTER referencing
** register iReg.  The caller must ensure that iReg already contains
** the correct value for the expression.
*/
static void exprToRegister(Expr *p, int iReg){

      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
      if( inReg!=target ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, inReg, target);
        inReg = target;
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Cast, target,
                        sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken, 0));
      testcase( usedAsColumnCache(pParse, inReg, inReg) );
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, inReg, 1);
      return inReg;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
    case TK_IS:
    case TK_ISNOT:
      op = (op==TK_IS) ? TK_EQ : TK_NE;
      p5 = SQLITE_NULLEQ;

      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE ){
        int endCoalesce = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
        assert( nFarg>=2 );
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
        for(i=1; i<nFarg; i++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, target, endCoalesce);
          VdbeCoverage(v);
          sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, target, 1);
          sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr, target);
          sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endCoalesce);
        break;
      }

      /* The UNLIKELY() function is a no-op.  The result is the value
      ** of the first argument.

            assert( SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF==OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG );
            testcase( pDef->funcFlags & OPFLAG_LENGTHARG );
            pFarg->a[0].pExpr->op2 = 
                  pDef->funcFlags & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
          }
        }

        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);     /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pFarg, r1, 0,
                                SQLITE_ECEL_DUP|SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);      /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
      }else{
        r1 = 0;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      /* Possibly overload the function if the first argument is
      ** a virtual table column.
      **

      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "row value misused");
      break;
    }

    case TK_IF_NULL_ROW: {
      int addrINR;
      addrINR = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNullRow, pExpr->iTable);
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrINR);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, addrINR, inReg);
      break;
    }

    /*
    ** Form A:

      int nExpr;                        /* 2x number of WHEN terms */
      int i;                            /* Loop counter */
      ExprList *pEList;                 /* List of WHEN terms */
      struct ExprList_item *aListelem;  /* Array of WHEN terms */
      Expr opCompare;                   /* The X==Ei expression */
      Expr *pX;                         /* The X expression */
      Expr *pTest = 0;                  /* X==Ei (form A) or just Ei (form B) */
      VVA_ONLY( int iCacheLevel = pParse->iCacheLevel; )

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) && pExpr->x.pList );
      assert(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr > 0);
      pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
      aListelem = pEList->a;
      nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
      endLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

        /* Ticket b351d95f9cd5ef17e9d9dbae18f5ca8611190001:
        ** The value in regFree1 might get SCopy-ed into the file result.
        ** So make sure that the regFree1 register is not reused for other
        ** purposes and possibly overwritten.  */
        regFree1 = 0;
      }
      for(i=0; i<nExpr-1; i=i+2){
        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
        if( pX ){
          assert( pTest!=0 );
          opCompare.pRight = aListelem[i].pExpr;
        }else{
          pTest = aListelem[i].pExpr;
        }
        nextCase = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
        testcase( pTest->op==TK_COLUMN );
        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTest, nextCase, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
        testcase( aListelem[i+1].pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, aListelem[i+1].pExpr, target);
        sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, endLabel);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, nextCase);
      }
      if( (nExpr&1)!=0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEList->a[nExpr-1].pExpr, target);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
      }
      assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr>0 
           || pParse->iCacheLevel==iCacheLevel );
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endLabel);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {
      assert( pExpr->affinity==OE_Rollback 
           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Abort

  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return;  /* No way this can happen */
  op = pExpr->op;
  switch( op ){
    case TK_AND: {
      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2,jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
      break;
    }
    case TK_OR: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
      break;
    }
    case TK_NOT: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }

  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_GT || op==OP_Le );
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_GE || op==OP_Lt );

  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AND: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
      break;
    }
    case TK_OR: {
      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2, jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
      break;
    }
    case TK_NOT: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }

  }
  return pParse->aTempReg[--pParse->nTempReg];
}

/*
** Deallocate a register, making available for reuse for some other
** purpose.
**
** If a register is currently being used by the column cache, then
** the deallocation is deferred until the column cache line that uses
** the register becomes stale.
*/
void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse *pParse, int iReg){
  if( iReg && pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg) ){
    int i;
    struct yColCache *p;
    for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<pParse->nColCache; i++, p++){
      if( p->iReg==iReg ){
        p->tempReg = 1;
        return;
      }
    }
    pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = iReg;
  }
}

/*
** Allocate or deallocate a block of nReg consecutive registers.
*/
int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse *pParse, int nReg){
  int i, n;
  if( nReg==1 ) return sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  i = pParse->iRangeReg;
  n = pParse->nRangeReg;
  if( nReg<=n ){
    assert( !usedAsColumnCache(pParse, i, i+n-1) );
    pParse->iRangeReg += nReg;
    pParse->nRangeReg -= nReg;
  }else{
    i = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += nReg;
  }
  return i;
}
void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse *pParse, int iReg, int nReg){
  if( nReg==1 ){
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, iReg);
    return;
  }
  sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, iReg, nReg);
  if( nReg>pParse->nRangeReg ){
    pParse->nRangeReg = nReg;
    pParse->iRangeReg = iReg;
  }
}

/*

    /* Check to see if the new rowid already exists in the table.  Skip
    ** the following conflict logic if it does not. */
    VdbeNoopComment((v, "uniqueness check for ROWID"));
    sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(v, onError);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, addrRowidOk, regNewData);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);

    switch( onError ){
      default: {
        onError = OE_Abort;
        /* Fall thru into the next case */
      }
      case OE_Rollback:

#endif
      case OE_Ignore: {
        testcase( onError==OE_Ignore );
        sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, ignoreDest);
        break;
      }
    }
    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrRowidOk);
    if( sAddr.ipkTop ){
      sAddr.ipkBtm = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, sAddr.ipkTop-1);
    }
  }

         (0==pTab->pFKey && 0==sqlite3FkReferences(pTab)))
    ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
      continue;
    }

    /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(v, onError);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NoConflict, iThisCur, addrUniqueOk,
                         regIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);

    /* Generate code to handle collisions */
    regR = (pIdx==pPk) ? regIdx : sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPkField);
    if( isUpdate || onError==OE_Replace ){

      }
    }
    if( pUpIdx==pIdx ){
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, upsertBypass);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
    }
    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
    if( regR!=regIdx ) sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regR, nPkField);

  }
  testcase( sAddr.ipkTop!=0 );
  testcase( sAddr.upsertTop
         && sqlite3VdbeLabelHasBeenResolved(v,sAddr.upsertTop) );
  reorderConstraintChecks(v, &sAddr);

  if( !HasRowid(pTab) ) return;
  regData = regNewData + 1;
  regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regData, pTab->nCol, regRec);
  sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(v, pTab);
  if( !bAffinityDone ){
    sqlite3TableAffinity(v, pTab, 0);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regData, pTab->nCol);
  }
  if( pParse->nested ){
    pik_flags = 0;
  }else{
    pik_flags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
    pik_flags |= (update_flags?update_flags:OPFLAG_LASTROWID);
  }

        Index *pPrior = 0;
        int loopTop;
        int iDataCur, iIdxCur;
        int r1 = -1;

        if( pTab->tnum<1 ) continue;  /* Skip VIEWs or VIRTUAL TABLEs */
        pPk = HasRowid(pTab) ? 0 : sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenRead, 0,
                                   1, 0, &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
        /* reg[7] counts the number of entries in the table.
        ** reg[8+i] counts the number of entries in the i-th index 
        */
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 7);
        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){

          ExprList *pCheck = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTab->pCheck, 0);
          if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
            int addrCkFault = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
            int addrCkOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
            char *zErr;
            int k;
            pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
            sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
            for(k=pCheck->nExpr-1; k>0; k--){
              sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pCheck->a[k].pExpr, addrCkFault, 0);
            }
            sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pCheck->a[0].pExpr, addrCkOk, 
                SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
            sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrCkFault);
            pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
            zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "CHECK constraint failed in %s",
                pTab->zName);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
            sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrCkOk);
            sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
          }
          sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCheck);
        }
        if( !isQuick ){ /* Omit the remaining tests for quick_check */
          /* Validate index entries for the current row */
          for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
            int jmp2, jmp3, jmp4, jmp5;

        pushOntoSorter(
            pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regOrig, nResultCol, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        assert( sqlite3Strlen30(pDest->zAffSdst)==nResultCol );
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, 
            r1, pDest->zAffSdst, nResultCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      }
      break;
    }

    /* If any row exist in the result set, record that fact and abort.

      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regOrig, nResultCol,
                       nPrefixReg);
      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iSDParm);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nResultCol);
      }
      break;
    }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
    /* Write the results into a priority queue that is order according to
    ** pDest->pOrderBy (in pSO).  pDest->iSDParm (in iParm) is the cursor for an

      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case SRT_Set: {
      assert( nColumn==sqlite3Strlen30(pDest->zAffSdst) );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regRow, nColumn, regRowid,
                        pDest->zAffSdst, nColumn);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regRow, nColumn);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, regRowid, regRow, nColumn);
      break;
    }
    case SRT_Mem: {
      /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
      break;
    }
#endif
    default: {
      assert( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ); 
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
      if( eDest==SRT_Output ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, pDest->iSdst, nColumn);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pDest->iSdst, nColumn);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iSDParm);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  if( regRowid ){

  /* 
  ** "LIMIT -1" always shows all rows.  There is some
  ** controversy about what the correct behavior should be.
  ** The current implementation interprets "LIMIT 0" to mean
  ** no rows.
  */
  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
  if( pLimit ){
    assert( pLimit->op==TK_LIMIT );
    assert( pLimit->pLeft!=0 );
    p->iLimit = iLimit = ++pParse->nMem;
    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
    assert( v!=0 );
    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pLimit->pLeft, &n) ){

    */
    case SRT_Set: {
      int r1;
      testcase( pIn->nSdst>1 );
      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst, 
          r1, pDest->zAffSdst, pIn->nSdst);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, pDest->iSDParm, r1,
                           pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      break;
    }

    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then

    ** For SRT_Output, results are stored in a sequence of registers.  
    ** Then the OP_ResultRow opcode is used to cause sqlite3_step() to
    ** return the next row of result.
    */
    default: {
      assert( pDest->eDest==SRT_Output );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst);
      break;
    }
  }

  /* Jump to the end of the loop if the LIMIT is reached.
  */
  if( p->iLimit ){

      }
      if( regHit==0 && pAggInfo->nAccumulator ) regHit = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, regHit, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, pF->iMem);
    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
    if( addrNext ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrNext);
      sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
    }
  }

  /* Before populating the accumulator registers, clear the column cache.
  ** Otherwise, if any of the required column values are already present 
  ** in registers, sqlite3ExprCode() may use OP_SCopy to copy the value
  ** to pC->iMem. But by the time the value is used, the original register
  ** may have been used, invalidating the underlying buffer holding the
  ** text or blob value. See ticket [883034dcb5].
  **
  ** Another solution would be to change the OP_SCopy used to copy cached
  ** values to an OP_Copy.
  */
  if( regHit==0 && pAggInfo->nAccumulator ){
    regHit = regAcc;
  }
  if( regHit ){
    addrHitTest = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regHit); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
  for(i=0, pC=pAggInfo->aCol; i<pAggInfo->nAccumulator; i++, pC++){
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pC->pExpr, pC->iMem);
  }
  pAggInfo->directMode = 0;
  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
  if( addrHitTest ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrHitTest);
  }
}

/*
** Add a single OP_Explain instruction to the VDBE to explain a simple

        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
          if( sAggInfo.aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
            nCol++;
            j++;
          }
        }
        regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, regBase, 0, 0);
        j = nGroupBy;
        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &sAggInfo.aCol[i];
          if( pCol->iSorterColumn>=j ){
            int r1 = j + regBase;
            sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(pParse, 
                               pCol->pTab, pCol->iColumn, pCol->iTable, r1);
            j++;
          }
        }
        regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nCol, regRecord);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterInsert, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, regRecord);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nCol);
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        sAggInfo.sortingIdxPTab = sortPTab = pParse->nTab++;
        sortOut = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, sortPTab, sortOut, nCol);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, addrEnd);
        VdbeComment((v, "GROUP BY sort")); VdbeCoverage(v);
        sAggInfo.useSortingIdx = 1;
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);

      }

      /* If the index or temporary table used by the GROUP BY sort
      ** will naturally deliver rows in the order required by the ORDER BY
      ** clause, cancel the ephemeral table open coded earlier.
      **
      ** This is an optimization - the correct answer should result regardless.

      /* Evaluate the current GROUP BY terms and store in b0, b1, b2...
      ** (b0 is memory location iBMem+0, b1 is iBMem+1, and so forth)
      ** Then compare the current GROUP BY terms against the GROUP BY terms
      ** from the previous row currently stored in a0, a1, a2...
      */
      addrTopOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
      if( groupBySort ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, sAggInfo.sortingIdx,
                          sortOut, sortPTab);
      }
      for(j=0; j<pGroupBy->nExpr; j++){
        if( groupBySort ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, sortPTab, j, iBMem+j);

#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
# define NDEBUG 1
#endif
#if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
# undef NDEBUG
#endif

/* SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE is synomous with SQLITE_DEBUG.  The 
** SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE symbol only exists to provide a convenient
** way to search for all code that deals with verifying correct behavior
** of the column cache.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
# define SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE 1
#else
# undef SQLIT_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
#endif

/*
** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
# define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
#endif

/*
** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
** selectively disable various optimizations.
*/
#define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
#define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
#define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
#define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
#define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
#define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
#define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
#define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
#define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */

struct AutoincInfo {
  AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
  Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
  int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
  int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
};

/*
** Size of the column cache
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
# define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
#endif

/*
** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
** completed.
**

  u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
  u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
  u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
  u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
  u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
  u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
  u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
  u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in aColCache[] */
  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
  int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
  int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
  int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
  int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
  int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
  int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
  int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
                       ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
  int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
  int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
  int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
  int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
  ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
  Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
  yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
  yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */

  u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
  u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */

  /**************************************************************************
  ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
  ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
  ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
  ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aColCache).
  **************************************************************************/

  struct yColCache {
    int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
    i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
    u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
    int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
    int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
    int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
  } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
  int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
  Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */

  /************************************************************************
  ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
  ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
  ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the

  With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
  With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
};

/*
** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
*/
#define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aColCache) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
#define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
#define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
#define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */

/*
** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
*/

int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
#define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
#define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
#define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);

  static const struct {
    const char *zOptName;
    int mask;
  } aOpt[] = {
    { "all",                 SQLITE_AllOpts        },
    { "none",                0                     },
    { "query-flattener",     SQLITE_QueryFlattener },
    { "column-cache",        SQLITE_ColumnCache    },
    { "groupby-order",       SQLITE_GroupByOrder   },
    { "factor-constants",    SQLITE_FactorOutConst },
    { "distinct-opt",        SQLITE_DistinctOpt    },
    { "cover-idx-scan",      SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   },
    { "order-by-idx-join",   SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin },
    { "transitive",          SQLITE_Transitive     },
    { "omit-noop-join",      SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   },

        /* This branch loads the value of a column that will not be changed 
        ** into a register. This is done if there are no BEFORE triggers, or
        ** if there are one or more BEFORE triggers that use this value via
        ** a new.* reference in a trigger program.
        */
        testcase( i==31 );
        testcase( i==32 );
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(pParse, pTab, i, iDataCur, regNew+i);
        if( tmask & TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
          /* This value will be recomputed in After-BEFORE-trigger-reload-loop
          ** below, so make sure that it is not cached and reused.
          ** Ticket d85fffd6ffe856092ed8daefa811b1e399706b28. */
          sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regNew+i, 1);
        }
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);
      }
    }
  }

  /* Fire any BEFORE UPDATE triggers. This happens before constraints are

*/
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
# define memAboutToChange(P,M) sqlite3VdbeMemAboutToChange(P,M)
#else
# define memAboutToChange(P,M)
#endif

/*
** Given a cursor number and a column for a table or index, compute a
** hash value for use in the Mem.iTabColHash value.  The iTabColHash
** column is only used for verification - it is omitted from production
** builds.  Collisions are harmless in the sense that the correct answer
** still results.  The only harm of collisions is that they can potential
** reduce column-cache error detection during SQLITE_DEBUG builds.
**
** No valid hash should be 0.
*/
#define TableColumnHash(T,C)  (((u32)(T)<<16)^(u32)(C+2))

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
** moves, either by the OP_SeekXX, OP_Next, or OP_Prev opcodes.  The test
** procedures use this information to make sure that indices are
** working correctly.  This variable has no function other than to
** help verify the correct operation of the library.
*/

  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  while( 1 ){
    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
    Deephemeralize(pOut);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    pOut->pScopyFrom = 0;
    pOut->iTabColHash = 0;
#endif
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+pOp->p3-n, pOut);
    if( (n--)==0 ) break;
    pOut++;
    pIn1++;
  }
  break;

case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
  int res, res2;      /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
  char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */
  u16 flags1;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn1->flags */
  u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */






  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  flags1 = pIn1->flags;
  flags3 = pIn3->flags;
  if( (flags1 | flags3)&MEM_Null ){
    /* One or both operands are NULL */
    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){

  }else{
    /* Neither operand is NULL.  Do a comparison. */
    affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
    if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      if( (flags1 | flags3)&MEM_Str ){
        if( (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
          applyNumericAffinity(pIn1,0);
          testcase( flags3!=pIn3->flags ); /* Possible if pIn1==pIn3 */




          flags3 = pIn3->flags;
        }
        if( (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
          applyNumericAffinity(pIn3,0);
        }
      }
      /* Handle the common case of integer comparison here, as an

** An Abort is safe if either there have been no writes, or if there is
** an active statement journal.
*/
case OP_Abortable: {
  sqlite3VdbeAssertAbortable(p);
  break;
}
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
/* Opcode:  SetTabCol   P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Set a flag in register REG[P3] indicating that it holds the value
** of column P2 from the table on cursor P1.  This flag is checked
** by a subsequent VerifyTabCol opcode.
**
** This opcode only appears SQLITE_DEBUG builds.  It is used to verify
** that the expression table column cache is working correctly.
*/
case OP_SetTabCol: {
  aMem[pOp->p3].iTabColHash = TableColumnHash(pOp->p1,pOp->p2);
  break;
}
/* Opcode:  VerifyTabCol   P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Verify that register REG[P3] contains the value of column P2 from
** cursor P1.  Assert() if this is not the case.
**
** This opcode only appears SQLITE_DEBUG builds.  It is used to verify
** that the expression table column cache is working correctly.
*/
case OP_VerifyTabCol: {
  assert( aMem[pOp->p3].iTabColHash == TableColumnHash(pOp->p1,pOp->p2) );
  break;
}
#endif

/* Opcode: Noop * * * * *
**
** Do nothing.  This instruction is often useful as a jump
** destination.
*/

  u32 uTemp;          /* Transient storage for serial_type in OP_MakeRecord */
  sqlite3 *db;        /* The associated database connection */
  void (*xDel)(void*);/* Destructor for Mem.z - only valid if MEM_Dyn */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  Mem *pScopyFrom;    /* This Mem is a shallow copy of pScopyFrom */
  u16 mScopyFlags;    /* flags value immediately after the shallow copy */
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
  u32 iTabColHash;    /* Hash of table.column that is origin of this value */
  u32 iPadding;       /* sqlite3_value objects must be 8-byte aligned */
#endif
};

/*
** Size of struct Mem not including the Mem.zMalloc member or anything that
** follows.
*/
#define MEMCELLSIZE offsetof(Mem,zMalloc)

        /* .uTemp      = */ (u32)0,
        /* .db         = */ (sqlite3*)0,
        /* .xDel       = */ (void(*)(void*))0,
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
        /* .pScopyFrom = */ (Mem*)0,
        /* .mScopyFlags= */ 0,
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
        /* .iTabColHash= */ 0,
#endif
      };
  return &nullMem;
}

/*
** Check to see if column iCol of the given statement is valid.  If
** it is, return a pointer to the Mem for the value of that column.

  pOp->p4.p = 0;
  pOp->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
  pOp->zComment = 0;
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
    int jj, kk;
    Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
    for(jj=kk=0; jj<pParse->nColCache; jj++){
      struct yColCache *x = pParse->aColCache + jj;
      printf(" r[%d]={%d:%d}", x->iReg, x->iTable, x->iColumn);
      kk++;
    }
    if( kk ) printf("\n");
    sqlite3VdbePrintOp(0, i, &p->aOp[i]);
    test_addop_breakpoint();
  }
#endif
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  pOp->cycles = 0;
  pOp->cnt = 0;

  while( (N--)>0 ){
    p->db = db;
    p->flags = flags;
    p->szMalloc = 0;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    p->pScopyFrom = 0;
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
    p->iTabColHash = 0;
#endif
    p++;
  }
}

/*
** Release an array of N Mem elements
*/

      /* pMem is the register that is changing.  But also mark pX as
      ** undefined so that we can quickly detect the shallow-copy error */
      pX->flags = MEM_Undefined;
      pX->pScopyFrom = 0;
    }
  }
  pMem->pScopyFrom = 0;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMN_CACHE
  pMem->iTabColHash = 0;
#endif
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */


/*
** Make an shallow copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of
** pTo are freed.  The pFrom->z field is not duplicated.  If
** pFrom->z is used, then pTo->z points to the same thing as pFrom->z
** and flags gets srcType (either MEM_Ephem or MEM_Static).
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void vdbeClrCopy(Mem *pTo, const Mem *pFrom, int eType){
  vdbeMemClearExternAndSetNull(pTo);
  assert( !VdbeMemDynamic(pTo) );
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pTo, pFrom, eType);
}
void sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(Mem *pTo, const Mem *pFrom, int srcType){
  assert( (pFrom->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  assert( pTo->db==pFrom->db );
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pTo) ){ vdbeClrCopy(pTo,pFrom,srcType); return; }
  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, MEMCELLSIZE);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
  pTo->iTabColHash = pFrom->iTabColHash;
#endif
  if( (pFrom->flags&MEM_Static)==0 ){
    pTo->flags &= ~(MEM_Dyn|MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem);
    assert( srcType==MEM_Ephem || srcType==MEM_Static );
    pTo->flags |= srcType;
  }
}

/*
** Make a full copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of pTo are
** freed before the copy is made.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(Mem *pTo, const Mem *pFrom){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  assert( (pFrom->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pTo) ) vdbeMemClearExternAndSetNull(pTo);
  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, MEMCELLSIZE);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
  pTo->iTabColHash = pFrom->iTabColHash;
#endif
  pTo->flags &= ~MEM_Dyn;
  if( pTo->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    if( 0==(pFrom->flags&MEM_Static) ){
      pTo->flags |= MEM_Ephem;
      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pTo);
    }
  }

  assert( pLevel->iIdxCur>=0 );
  pLevel->iIdxCur = pParse->nTab++;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenAutoindex, pLevel->iIdxCur, nKeyCol+1);
  sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIdx);
  VdbeComment((v, "for %s", pTable->zName));

  /* Fill the automatic index with content */
  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
  pTabItem = &pWC->pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
  if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    addrCounter = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    addrTop =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regYield);
    VdbeCoverage(v);

    pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine = 0;
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pLevel->iTabCur, addrTop+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX);
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
  
  /* Jump here when skipping the initialization */
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInit);

end_auto_index_create:
  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pPartial);
}

  WhereLoop *pLoop;
  SrcList *pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  /* Generate loop termination code.
  */
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "End WHERE-core"));
  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
  for(i=pWInfo->nLevel-1; i>=0; i--){
    int addr;
    pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
    if( pLevel->op!=OP_Noop ){
#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
      int addrSeek = 0;

  while( n>1 && zAff[n-1]==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
    n--;
  }

  /* Code the OP_Affinity opcode if there is anything left to do. */
  if( n>0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, base, n, 0, zAff, n);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, base, n);
  }
}

/*
** Expression pRight, which is the RHS of a comparison operation, is 
** either a vector of n elements or, if n==1, a scalar expression.
** Before the comparison operation, affinity zAff is to be applied

    **          to access the data.
    */
    int iReg;   /* P3 Value for OP_VFilter */
    int addrNotFound;
    int nConstraint = pLoop->nLTerm;
    int iIn;    /* Counter for IN constraints */

    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
    iReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nConstraint+2);
    addrNotFound = pLevel->addrBrk;
    for(j=0; j<nConstraint; j++){
      int iTarget = iReg+j+2;
      pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
      if( NEVER(pTerm==0) ) continue;
      if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){

    /* These registers need to be preserved in case there is an IN operator
    ** loop.  So we could deallocate the registers here (and potentially
    ** reuse them later) if (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE)==0.  But it seems
    ** simpler and safer to simply not reuse the registers.
    **
    **    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, iReg, nConstraint+2);
    */
    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

  if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IPK)!=0
   && (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_COLUMN_EQ))!=0
  ){
    /* Case 2:  We can directly reference a single row using an

      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, iCur, addrBrk, r1);
      VdbeComment((v, "pk"));
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_GT);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_LE);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_LT);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_GE);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r1, 1);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, rTemp);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iCur, addrHalt);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
    }
    if( pEnd ){

    pLevel->op = bRev ? OP_Prev : OP_Next;
    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
    pLevel->p2 = start;
    assert( pLevel->p5==0 );
    if( testOp!=OP_Noop ){
      iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, testOp, memEndValue, addrBrk, iRowidReg);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Le);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Lt);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Ge);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Gt);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC | SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    }

    /* Load the value for the inequality constraint at the end of the
    ** range (if any).
    */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
      codeExprOrVector(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq, nTop);
      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);

      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pRight)==0 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      }else{
        endEq = 1;
      }
    }else if( bStopAtNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
      endEq = 0;
      nConstraint++;
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zEndAff);

    /* Top of the loop body */

    }else if( HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
      if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SEEK_TABLE) || (
          (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE) 
       && (pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_SINGLE)
      )){
        iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, iRowidReg);
        sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, iRowidReg);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }else{
        codeDeferredSeek(pWInfo, pIdx, iCur, iIdxCur);
      }
    }else if( iCur!=iIdxCur ){
      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx->pTable);

          /* This is the sub-WHERE clause body.  First skip over
          ** duplicate rows from prior sub-WHERE clauses, and record the
          ** rowid (or PRIMARY KEY) for the current row so that the same
          ** row will be skipped in subsequent sub-WHERE clauses.
          */
          if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK)==0 ){
            int r;
            int iSet = ((ii==pOrWc->nTerm-1)?-1:ii);
            if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
              r = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, -1, iCur, regRowid, 0);
              jmp1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_RowSetTest, regRowset, 0,
                                           r,iSet);
              VdbeCoverage(v);
            }else{
              Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
              int nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
              int iPk;


              /* Read the PK into an array of temp registers. */
              r = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPk);
              for(iPk=0; iPk<nPk; iPk++){
                int iCol = pPk->aiColumn[iPk];
                sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(pParse, pTab, iCol, iCur, r+iPk);
              }

              /* Check if the temp table already contains this key. If so,
              ** the row has already been included in the result set and
              ** can be ignored (by jumping past the Gosub below). Otherwise,
              ** insert the key into the temp table and proceed with processing
              ** the row.

  /* For a LEFT OUTER JOIN, generate code that will record the fact that
  ** at least one row of the right table has matched the left table.  
  */
  if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
    pLevel->addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "record LEFT JOIN hit"));
    sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
    for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=0; j<pWC->nTerm; j++, pTerm++){
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
      if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
      if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady)!=0 ){
        assert( pWInfo->untestedTerms );
        continue;

    INSERT INTO t3(cnt) SELECT i FROM c;
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1;
} {10}
do_test btree02-110 {
  db eval BEGIN
  set i 0
  db eval {SELECT a, ax, b, cnt FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t3 WHERE b IS NOT NULL} {


    db eval {INSERT INTO t2(x,y) VALUES($b,$cnt)}
    # puts "a,b,cnt = ($a,$b,$cnt)"
    incr i
    if {$i%2==1} {
      set bx [expr {$b+1000}]
      # puts "INSERT ($a),$bx"
      db eval {INSERT INTO t1(a,ax,b) VALUES(printf('(%s)',$a),random(),$bx)}
    } else {
      # puts "DELETE a=$a"
      db eval {DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a=$a}
    }
    db eval {COMMIT; BEGIN}
  }  
  db one {COMMIT; SELECT count(*) FROM t1;}
} {20}

finish_test