/*
** 2007 October 14
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite. 
**
** This version of the memory allocation subsystem omits all
** use of malloc().  All dynamically allocatable memory is
** contained in a static array, mem.aPool[].  The size of this
** fixed memory pool is SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE bytes.
**
** This version of the memory allocation subsystem is used if
** and only if SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE is defined.
**
** $Id: mem3.c,v 1.1 2007/10/19 17:47:25 drh Exp $
*/

/*
** This version of the memory allocator is used only when 
** SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE is defined.
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE)
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Maximum size (in Mem3Blocks) of a "small" chunk.
*/
#define MX_SMALL 10


/*
** Number of freelist hash slots
*/
#define N_HASH  61

/*
** A memory allocation (also called a "chunk") consists of two or 
** more blocks where each block is 8 bytes.  The first 8 bytes are 
** a header that is not returned to the user.
**
** A chunk is two or more blocks that is either checked out or
** free.  The first block has format u.hdr.  u.hdr.size is the
** size of the allocation in blocks if the allocation is free.
** If the allocation is checked out, u.hdr.size is the negative
** of the size.  Similarly, u.hdr.prevSize is the size of the
** immediately previous allocation.
**
** We often identify a chunk by its index in mem.aPool[].  When
** this is done, the chunk index refers to the second block of
** the chunk.  In this way, the first chunk has an index of 1.
** A chunk index of 0 means "no such chunk" and is the equivalent
** of a NULL pointer.
**
** The second block of free chunks is of the form u.list.  The
** two fields form a double-linked list of chunks of related sizes.
** Pointers to the head of the list are stored in mem.aiSmall[] 
** for smaller chunks and mem.aiHash[] for larger chunks.
**
** The second block of a chunk is user data if the chunk is checked 
** out.
*/
typedef struct Mem3Block Mem3Block;
struct Mem3Block {
  union {
    struct {
      int prevSize;   /* Size of previous chunk in Mem3Block elements */
      int size;       /* Size of current chunk in Mem3Block elements */
    } hdr;
    struct {
      int next;       /* Index in mem.aPool[] of next free chunk */
      int prev;       /* Index in mem.aPool[] of previous free chunk */
    } list;
  } u;
};

/*
** All of the static variables used by this module are collected
** into a single structure named "mem".  This is to keep the
** static variables organized and to reduce namespace pollution
** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
*/
static struct {
  /*
  ** The alarm callback and its arguments.  The mem.mutex lock will
  ** be held while the callback is running.  Recursive calls into
  ** the memory subsystem are allowed, but no new callbacks will be
  ** issued.  The alarmBusy variable is set to prevent recursive
  ** callbacks.
  */
  sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold;
  void (*alarmCallback)(void*, sqlite3_int64,int);
  void *alarmArg;
  int alarmBusy;
  
  /*
  ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
  */
  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
  
  /*
  ** Current allocation and high-water mark.
  */
  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
  sqlite3_int64 mxUsed;

  /*
  ** iMaster is the index of the master chunk.  Most new allocations
  ** occur off of this chunk.  szMaster is the size (in Mem3Blocks)
  ** of the current master.  iMaster is 0 if there is not master chunk.
  ** The master chunk is not in either the aiHash[] or aiSmall[].
  */
  int iMaster;
  int szMaster;

  /*
  ** Array of lists of free blocks according to the block size 
  ** for smaller chunks, or a hash on the block size for larger
  ** chunks.
  */
  int aiSmall[MX_SMALL-1];   /* For sizes 2 through MX_SMALL, inclusive */
  int aiHash[N_HASH];        /* For sizes MX_SMALL+1 and larger */

  /*
  ** Memory available for allocation
  */
  Mem3Block aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/sizeof(Mem3Block)+2];
} mem;

/*
** Unlink the chunk at mem.aPool[i] from list it is currently
** on.  *pRoot is the list that i is a member of.
*/
static void unlinkChunkFromList(int i, int *pRoot){
  int next = mem.aPool[i].u.list.next;
  int prev = mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev;
  if( prev==0 ){
    *pRoot = next;
  }else{
    mem.aPool[prev].u.list.next = next;
  }
  if( next ){
    mem.aPool[next].u.list.prev = prev;
  }
  mem.aPool[i].u.list.next = 0;
  mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
}

/*
** Unlink the chunk at index i from 
** whatever list is currently a member of.
*/
static void unlinkChunk(int i){
  int size, hash;
  size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size;
  assert( size==mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
  assert( size>=2 );
  if( size <= MX_SMALL ){
    unlinkChunkFromList(i, &mem.aiSmall[size-2]);
  }else{
    hash = size % N_HASH;
    unlinkChunkFromList(i, &mem.aiHash[hash]);
  }
}

/*
** Link the chunk at mem.aPool[i] so that is on the list rooted
** at *pRoot.
*/
static void linkChunkIntoList(int i, int *pRoot){
  mem.aPool[i].u.list.next = *pRoot;
  mem.aPool[i].u.list.prev = 0;
  if( *pRoot ){
    mem.aPool[*pRoot].u.list.prev = i;
  }
  *pRoot = i;
}

/*
** Link the chunk at index i into either the appropriate
** small chunk list, or into the large chunk hash table.
*/
static void linkChunk(int i){
  int size, hash;
  size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size;
  assert( size==mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize );
  assert( size>=2 );
  if( size <= MX_SMALL ){
    linkChunkIntoList(i, &mem.aiSmall[size-2]);
  }else{
    hash = size % N_HASH;
    linkChunkIntoList(i, &mem.aiHash[hash]);
  }
}

/*
** Enter the mutex mem.mutex. Allocate it if it is not already allocated.
**
** Also:  Initialize the memory allocation subsystem the first time
** this routine is called.
*/
static void enterMem(void){
  if( mem.mutex==0 ){
    mem.mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
    mem.aPool[0].u.hdr.size = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8;
    mem.aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8].u.hdr.prevSize = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8;
    mem.iMaster = 1;
    mem.szMaster = SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
}

/*
** Return the amount of memory currently checked out.
*/
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void){
  sqlite3_int64 n;
  enterMem();
  n = mem.nowUsed;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);  
  return n;
}

/*
** Return the maximum amount of memory that has ever been
** checked out since either the beginning of this process
** or since the most recent reset.
*/
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
  sqlite3_int64 n;
  enterMem();
  n = mem.mxUsed;
  if( resetFlag ){
    mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);  
  return n;
}

/*
** Change the alarm callback
*/
int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
  void(*xCallback)(void *pArg, sqlite3_int64 used,int N),
  void *pArg,
  sqlite3_int64 iThreshold
){
  enterMem();
  mem.alarmCallback = xCallback;
  mem.alarmArg = pArg;
  mem.alarmThreshold = iThreshold;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Trigger the alarm 
*/
static void sqlite3MemsysAlarm(int nByte){
  void (*xCallback)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int);
  sqlite3_int64 nowUsed;
  void *pArg;
  if( mem.alarmCallback==0 || mem.alarmBusy  ) return;
  mem.alarmBusy = 1;
  xCallback = mem.alarmCallback;
  nowUsed = mem.nowUsed;
  pArg = mem.alarmArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
  xCallback(pArg, nowUsed, nByte);
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
  mem.alarmBusy = 0;
}

/*
** Return the size of an outstanding allocation, in bytes.  The
** size returned includes the 8-byte header overhead.  This only
** works for chunks that are currently checked out.
*/
static int internal_size(void *p){
  Mem3Block *pBlock = (Mem3Block*)p;
  assert( pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size<0 );
  return -pBlock[-1].u.hdr.size*8;
}

/*
** Chunk i is a free chunk that has been unlinked.  Adjust its 
** size parameters for check-out and return a pointer to the 
** user portion of the chunk.
*/
static void *checkOutChunk(int i, int nBlock){
  assert( mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size==nBlock );
  assert( mem.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize==nBlock );
  mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size = -nBlock;
  mem.aPool[i+nBlock-1].u.hdr.prevSize = -nBlock;
  return &mem.aPool[i];
}

/*
** Carve a piece off of the end of the mem.iMaster free chunk.
** Return a pointer to the new allocation.  Or, if the master chunk
** is not large enough, return 0.
*/
static void *internal_from_master(int nBlock){
  assert( mem.szMaster>=nBlock );
  if( nBlock>=mem.szMaster-1 ){
    /* Use the entire master */
    void *p = checkOutChunk(mem.iMaster, mem.szMaster);
    mem.iMaster = 0;
    mem.szMaster = 0;
    return p;
  }else{
    /* Split the master block.  Return the tail. */
    int newi;
    newi = mem.iMaster + mem.szMaster - nBlock;
    assert( newi > mem.iMaster+1 );
    mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = -nBlock;
    mem.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.size = -nBlock;
    mem.szMaster -= nBlock;
    mem.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem.szMaster;
    mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size = mem.szMaster;
    return (void*)&mem.aPool[newi];
  }
}

/*
** *pRoot is the head of a list of free chunks of the same size
** or same size hash.  In other words, *pRoot is an entry in either
** mem.aiSmall[] or mem.aiHash[].  
**
** This routine examines all entries on the given list and tries
** to coalesce each entries with adjacent free chunks.  
**
** If it sees a chunk that is larger than mem.iMaster, it replaces 
** the current mem.iMaster with the new larger chunk.  In order for
** this mem.iMaster replacement to work, the master chunk must be
** linked into the hash tables.  That is not the normal state of
** affairs, of course.  The calling routine must link the master
** chunk before invoking this routine, then must unlink the (possibly
** changed) master chunk once this routine has finished.
*/
static void mergeChunks(int *pRoot){
  int iNext, prev, size, i;

  for(i=*pRoot; i>0; i=iNext){
    iNext = mem.aPool[i].u.list.next;
    size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size;
    assert( size>0 );
    if( mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize>0 ){
      unlinkChunkFromList(i, pRoot);
      prev = i - mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
      assert( prev>=0 );
      if( prev==iNext ){
        iNext = mem.aPool[prev].u.list.next;
      }
      unlinkChunk(prev);
      size = i + size - prev;
      mem.aPool[prev-1].u.hdr.size = size;
      mem.aPool[prev+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
      linkChunk(prev);
      i = prev;
    }
    if( size>mem.szMaster ){
      mem.iMaster = i;
      mem.szMaster = size;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Return a block of memory of at least nBytes in size.
** Return NULL if unable.
*/
static void *internal_malloc(int nByte){
  int i;
  int nBlock;

  assert( sizeof(Mem3Block)==8 );
  if( nByte<=0 ){
    nBlock = 2;
  }else{
    nBlock = (nByte + 15)/8;
  }
  assert( nBlock >= 2 );

  /* STEP 1:
  ** Look for an entry of the correct size in either the small
  ** chunk table or in the large chunk hash table.  This is
  ** successful most of the time (about 9 times out of 10).
  */
  if( nBlock <= MX_SMALL ){
    i = mem.aiSmall[nBlock-2];
    if( i>0 ){
      unlinkChunkFromList(i, &mem.aiSmall[nBlock-2]);
      return checkOutChunk(i, nBlock);
    }
  }else{
    int hash = nBlock % N_HASH;
    for(i=mem.aiHash[hash]; i>0; i=mem.aPool[i].u.list.next){
      if( mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size==nBlock ){
        unlinkChunkFromList(i, &mem.aiHash[hash]);
        return checkOutChunk(i, nBlock);
      }
    }
  }

  /* STEP 2:
  ** Try to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off of the end
  ** of the master chunk.  This step usually works if step 1 fails.
  */
  if( mem.szMaster>=nBlock ){
    return internal_from_master(nBlock);
  }


  /* STEP 3:  
  ** Loop through the entire memory pool.  Coalesce adjacent free
  ** chunks.  Recompute the master chunk as the largest free chunk.
  ** Then try again to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off
  ** of the end of the master chunk.  This step happens very
  ** rarely (we hope!)
  */
  if( mem.iMaster ){
    linkChunk(mem.iMaster);
    mem.iMaster = 0;
    mem.szMaster = 0;
  }
  for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
    mergeChunks(&mem.aiHash[i]);
  }
  for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
    mergeChunks(&mem.aiSmall[i]);
  }
  if( mem.szMaster ){
    unlinkChunk(mem.iMaster);
    if( mem.szMaster>=nBlock ){
      return internal_from_master(nBlock);
    }
  }

  /* If none of the above worked, then we fail. */
  return 0;
}

/*
** Free an outstanding memory allocation.
*/
void internal_free(void *pOld){
  Mem3Block *p = (Mem3Block*)pOld;
  int i;
  int size;
  assert( p>mem.aPool && p<&mem.aPool[SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8] );
  i = p - mem.aPool;
  size = -mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size;
  assert( size>=2 );
  assert( mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize==-size );
  mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size = size;
  mem.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.prevSize = size;
  linkChunk(i);

  /* Try to expand the master using the newly freed chunk */
  if( mem.iMaster ){
    while( mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize>0 ){
      size = mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
      mem.iMaster -= size;
      mem.szMaster += size;
      unlinkChunk(mem.iMaster);
      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size = mem.szMaster;
      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem.szMaster;
    }
    while( mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size>0 ){
      unlinkChunk(mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster);
      mem.szMaster += mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size;
      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size = mem.szMaster;
      mem.aPool[mem.iMaster+mem.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem.szMaster;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Allocate nBytes of memory
*/
void *sqlite3_malloc(int nBytes){
  sqlite3_int64 *p = 0;
  if( nBytes>0 ){
    enterMem();
    if( mem.alarmCallback!=0 && mem.nowUsed+nBytes>=mem.alarmThreshold ){
      sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes);
    }
    p = internal_malloc(nBytes);
    if( p==0 ){
      sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes);
      p = internal_malloc(nBytes);
    }
    if( p ){
      mem.nowUsed += internal_size(p);
      if( mem.nowUsed>mem.mxUsed ){
        mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
      }
    }
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
  }
  return (void*)p; 
}

/*
** Free memory.
*/
void sqlite3_free(void *pPrior){
  if( pPrior==0 ){
    return;
  }
  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
  mem.nowUsed -= internal_size(pPrior);
  internal_free(pPrior);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);  
}

/*
** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
*/
void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pPrior, int nBytes){
  int nOld;
  void *p;
  if( pPrior==0 ){
    return sqlite3_malloc(nBytes);
  }
  if( nBytes<=0 ){
    sqlite3_free(pPrior);
    return 0;
  }
  assert( mem.mutex!=0 );
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem.mutex);
  nOld = internal_size(pPrior);
  if( mem.alarmCallback!=0 && mem.nowUsed+nBytes-nOld>=mem.alarmThreshold ){
    sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes-nOld);
  }
  p = internal_malloc(nBytes);
  if( p==0 ){
    sqlite3MemsysAlarm(nBytes);
    p = internal_malloc(nBytes);
    if( p==0 ){
      return 0;
    }
  }
  if( nOld<nBytes ){
    memcpy(p, pPrior, nOld);
  }else{
    memcpy(p, pPrior, nBytes);
  }
  internal_free(pPrior);
  mem.nowUsed += internal_size(p)-nOld;
  if( mem.nowUsed>mem.mxUsed ){
    mem.mxUsed = mem.nowUsed;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
  return p;
}

/*
** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory 
** allocations into that log.
*/
void sqlite3_memdebug_dump(const char *zFilename){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  FILE *out;
  int i, j, size;
  if( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]==0 ){
    out = stdout;
  }else{
    out = fopen(zFilename, "w");
    if( out==0 ){
      fprintf(stderr, "** Unable to output memory debug output log: %s **\n",
                      zFilename);
      return;
    }
  }
  enterMem();
  fprintf(out, "CHUNKS:\n");
  for(i=1; i<=SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE/8; i+=size){
    size = mem.aPool[i-1].u.hdr.size;
    if( size>=-1 && size<=1 ){
      fprintf(out, "%p size error\n", &mem.aPool[i]);
      assert( 0 );
      break;
    }
    if( mem.aPool[i+(size<0?-size:size)-1].u.hdr.prevSize!=size ){
      fprintf(out, "%p tail size does not match\n", &mem.aPool[i]);
      assert( 0 );
      break;
    }
    if( size<0 ){
      size = -size;
      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes checked out\n", &mem.aPool[i], size*8-8);
    }else{
      fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes free%s\n", &mem.aPool[i], size*8-8,
                  i==mem.iMaster ? " **master**" : "");
    }
  }
  for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
    if( mem.aiSmall[i]==0 ) continue;
    fprintf(out, "small(%2d):", i);
    for(j = mem.aiSmall[i]; j>0; j=mem.aPool[j].u.list.next){
      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem.aPool[j], mem.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size*8-8);
    }
    fprintf(out, "\n"); 
  }
  for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
    if( mem.aiHash[i]==0 ) continue;
    fprintf(out, "hash(%2d):", i);
    for(j = mem.aiHash[i]; j>0; j=mem.aPool[j].u.list.next){
      fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem.aPool[j], mem.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size*8-8);
    }
    fprintf(out, "\n"); 
  }
  fprintf(out, "master=%d\n", mem.iMaster);
  fprintf(out, "nowUsed=%lld\n", mem.nowUsed);
  fprintf(out, "mxUsed=%lld\n", mem.mxUsed);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
  if( out==stdout ){
    fflush(stdout);
  }else{
    fclose(out);
  }
#endif
}


#endif /* !SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE */