sqllogictest

# Copyright © 2008 D. Richard Hipp

This program is free software.  As far as the author is
concerned, you can redistribute it and/or modify the code
as you see fit.  No attribution is required.  Use whichever
of the following license terms best applies to your situation.

  1.   GNU General Public License
  2.   BSD License
  3.   MIT License
  4.   CC0 License

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

/******************************************************************************
** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
** version 3.48.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
** version 3.47.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
** of 5% or more are commonly seen when SQLite is compiled as a single
** translation unit.
**
** This file is all you need to compile SQLite.  To use SQLite in other
** programs, you need this file and the "sqlite3.h" header file that defines
** the programming interface to the SQLite library.  (If you do not have
** the "sqlite3.h" header file at hand, you will find a copy embedded within
** the text of this file.  Search for "Begin file sqlite3.h" to find the start
** of the embedded sqlite3.h header file.) Additional code files may be needed
** if you want a wrapper to interface SQLite with your choice of programming
** language. The code for the "sqlite3" command-line shell is also in a
** separate file. This file contains only code for the core SQLite library.
**
** The content in this amalgamation comes from Fossil check-in
** 2b17bc49655c577029919c2d409de994b0d2 with changes in files:
**
** a31a94644113c226a06316a3f95fb38b6058.
**    
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
#define SQLITE_CORE 1
#define SQLITE_AMALGAMATION 1
#ifndef SQLITE_PRIVATE
# define SQLITE_PRIVATE static
#endif
/************** Begin file sqliteInt.h ***************************************/
/*

** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.48.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3048000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2024-12-30 21:23:53 2b17bc49655c577029919c2d409de994b0d252f8efb5da1ba0913f2c96bee552"
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.47.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3047000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2024-10-18 12:31:21 a31a94644113c226a06316a3f95fb38b605821f1c123e2cda06ba90bfcacf59f"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
** elevated privileges.
**
** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
**
** The SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ property means that it is ok to read
** from the database file in amounts that are not a multiple of the
** page size and that do not begin at a page boundary.  Without this
** property, SQLite is careful to only do full-page reads and write
** on aligned pages, with the one exception that it will do a sub-page
** read of the first page to access the database header.
*/
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ           0x00008000

/*
** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
**
** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from

** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ]
** </ul>
**
** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means

**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO] opcode sets the low-level file descriptor
** or file handle for the [sqlite3_file] object such that it will no longer
** read or write to the database file.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
**

#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO                43

/* deprecated names */
#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO

** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE,
** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE
** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
** For the purposes of this interface, a CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement
** does not count as an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement and hence the rows
** added to the new table by the CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement are not
** counted.
**
** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
**
** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value

** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
** flag.
**
** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
** any virtual tables.
**
** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG flag prevents SQL compiler
** errors from being sent to the error log defined by
** [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG].  This can be used, for example, to do test
** compiles to see if some SQL syntax is well-formed, without generating
** messages on the global error log when it is not.  If the test compile
** fails, the sqlite3_prepare_v3() call returns the same error indications
** with or without this flag; it just omits the call to [sqlite3_log()] that
** logs the error.
** </dl>
*/
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG                0x10

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
** METHOD: sqlite3
** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
**

#  define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 0
# endif
#endif

#if 0
}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
#endif
/* #endif for SQLITE3_H will be added by mksqlite3.tcl */
#endif /* SQLITE3_H */

/******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
/*
** 2010 August 30
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

**
** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
**   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
**   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
**   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
**   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
**   bytes. This API is not available if the specified token matches a
**   prefix query term. In that case both output variables are always set
**   bytes.
**   to 0.
**
**   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
**   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
**   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
**
**   This API may be slow in some cases if the token identified by parameters
**   iIdx and iToken matched a prefix token in the query. In most cases, the
**   first call to this API for each prefix token in the query is forced
**   to scan the portion of the full-text index that matches the prefix
**   token to collect the extra data required by this API. If the prefix
**   token matches a large number of token instances in the document set,
**   this may be a performance problem.
**
**   If the user knows in advance that a query may use this API for a
**   prefix token, FTS5 may be configured to collect all required data as part
**   of the initial querying of the full-text index, avoiding the second scan
**   entirely. This also causes prefix queries that do not use this API to
**   run more slowly and use more memory. FTS5 may be configured in this way
**   either on a per-table basis using the [FTS5 insttoken | 'insttoken']
**   option, or on a per-query basis using the
**   [fts5_insttoken | fts5_insttoken()] user function.
**
**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
**
** xColumnLocale(pFts5, iIdx, pzLocale, pnLocale)
**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
**   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
**

#if 0
}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
#endif

#endif /* _FTS5_H */

/******** End of fts5.h *********/
#endif /* SQLITE3_H */

/************** End of sqlite3.h *********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/

/*
** Reuse the STATIC_LRU for mutex access to sqlite3_temp_directory.
*/

**
** The hard limit is the ability of a 32-bit signed integer
** to count the size: 2^31-1 or 2147483647.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
# define SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH 1000000000
#endif
#define SQLITE_MIN_LENGTH 30   /* Minimum value for the length limit */

/*
** This is the maximum number of
**
**    * Columns in a table
**    * Columns in an index
**    * Columns in a view

*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP
# define SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP 250000000
#endif

/*
** The maximum number of arguments to an SQL function.
**
** This value has a hard upper limit of 32767 due to storage
** constraints (it needs to fit inside a i16).  We keep it
** lower than that to prevent abuse.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG
# define SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG 1000
# define SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG 127
#endif

/*
** The suggested maximum number of in-memory pages to use for
** the main database table and for temporary tables.
**
** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-30185-15359 The default suggested cache size is -2000,

#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE      0   /* Commit by deleting journal file */
#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST     1   /* Commit by zeroing journal header */
#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF         2   /* Journal omitted.  */
#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE    3   /* Commit by truncating journal */
#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY      4   /* In-memory journal file */
#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL         5   /* Use write-ahead logging */

#define isWalMode(x) ((x)==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL)

/*
** The argument to this macro is a file descriptor (type sqlite3_file*).
** Return 0 if it is not open, or non-zero (but not 1) if it is.
**
** This is so that expressions can be written as:
**
**   if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){ ...
**
** instead of
**
**   if( pPager->jfd->pMethods ){ ...
*/
#define isOpen(pFd) ((pFd)->pMethods!=0)

/*
** Flags that make up the mask passed to sqlite3PagerGet().
*/
#define PAGER_GET_NOCONTENT     0x01  /* Do not load data from disk */
#define PAGER_GET_READONLY      0x02  /* Read-only page is acceptable */

/*

/************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/

/*
** Additional non-public SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags
*/
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL  0x80  /* Preserve SQL text */
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK     0x1f  /* Mask of public flags */
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK     0x0f  /* Mask of public flags */

/*
** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
** for a description of what each of these routines does.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3VdbeCreate(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Parse *sqlite3VdbeParser(Vdbe*);

*/
#define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
struct FuncDefHash {
  FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
};
#define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)

#if defined(SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION)
# warning  "The SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION extension is deprecated. \
 See ext/userauth/user-auth.txt for details."
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*
** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
** to manage user authentication.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
struct sqlite3_userauth {
  u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
  int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
  char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
  char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
};

/* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
#define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
#define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
#define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
#define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */

/* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);

#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

/*
** typedef for the authorization callback function.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                             const char*);
  typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                               const char*, const char*);
#else
  typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                               const char*);
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
/* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
*/
#define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
#define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */

  */
  sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
  sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
  void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
  void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
  sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
#endif
};

/*
** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
*/
#define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
#define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)

** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
**
** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
*/
struct FuncDef {
  i16 nArg;            /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
  i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
  u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
  void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
  FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
  void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
  void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */

**                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
**                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
**
**     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
**                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
**                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
**                     results.  if pDest->iSDParm2 is positive, then it is
**                     a register holding a Bloom filter for the IN operator
**                     a regsiter holding a Bloom filter for the IN operator
**                     that should be populated in addition to the
**                     pDest->iSDParm table.  This SRT is used to
**                     implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
**
**     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
**                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
**                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_UNLINK_AFTER_CLOSE
  "UNLINK_AFTER_CLOSE",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  "UNTESTABLE",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  "USER_AUTHENTICATION",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
  "USE_ALLOCA",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE
  "USE_FCNTL_TRACE",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USE_URI

  FuncDef *pFunc;         /* Pointer to function information */
  Mem *pMem;              /* Memory cell used to store aggregate context */
  Vdbe *pVdbe;            /* The VM that owns this context */
  int iOp;                /* Instruction number of OP_Function */
  int isError;            /* Error code returned by the function. */
  u8 enc;                 /* Encoding to use for results */
  u8 skipFlag;            /* Skip accumulator loading if true */
  u16 argc;               /* Number of arguments */
  u8 argc;                /* Number of arguments */
  sqlite3_value *argv[1]; /* Argument set */
};

/* A bitfield type for use inside of structures.  Always follow with :N where
** N is the number of bits.
*/
typedef unsigned bft;  /* Bit Field Type */

  KeyInfo keyinfo;
  UnpackedRecord *pUnpacked;      /* Unpacked version of aRecord[] */
  UnpackedRecord *pNewUnpacked;   /* Unpacked version of new.* record */
  int iNewReg;                    /* Register for new.* values */
  int iBlobWrite;                 /* Value returned by preupdate_blobwrite() */
  i64 iKey1;                      /* First key value passed to hook */
  i64 iKey2;                      /* Second key value passed to hook */
  Mem oldipk;                     /* Memory cell holding "old" IPK value */
  Mem *aNew;                      /* Array of new.* values */
  Table *pTab;                    /* Schema object being updated */
  Index *pPk;                     /* PK index if pTab is WITHOUT ROWID */
  sqlite3_value **apDflt;         /* Array of default values, if required */
};

/*

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(sqlite3 *db, const Expr *pExpr){
  while( pExpr
     && (ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_OuterON|EP_InnerON) || pExpr->w.iOfst<=0)
  ){
    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
  }
  if( pExpr==0 ) return;
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL) ) return;
  db->errByteOffset = pExpr->w.iOfst;
}

/*
** Enlarge the memory allocation on a StrAccum object so that it is
** able to accept at least N more bytes of text.
**

    if( pItem->fg.fromDDL ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isCte ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " CteUse=0x%p", pItem->u2.pCteUse);
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isOn || (pItem->fg.isUsing==0 && pItem->u3.pOn!=0) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isOn");
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " ON");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc )      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isTabFunc");
    if( pItem->fg.isCorrelated )   sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isCorrelated");
    if( pItem->fg.isMaterialized ) sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isMaterialized");
    if( pItem->fg.viaCoroutine )   sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " viaCoroutine");
    if( pItem->fg.notCte )         sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " notCte");
    if( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom )   sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isNestedFrom");

** parameters.  These variants are intended to be used from a symbolic
** debugger, such as "gdb", during interactive debugging sessions.
**
** This routines are given external linkage so that they will always be
** accessible to the debugging, and to avoid warnings about unused
** functions.  But these routines only exist in debugging builds, so they
** do not contaminate the interface.
**
** See Also:
**
**     sqlite3ShowWhereTerm() in where.c
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowExpr(const Expr *p){ sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0,p,0); }
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowExprList(const ExprList *p){ sqlite3TreeViewExprList(0,p,0,0);}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowIdList(const IdList *p){ sqlite3TreeViewIdList(0,p,0,0); }
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowSrcList(const SrcList *p){ sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(0,p); }
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowSelect(const Select *p){ sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0,p,0); }
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowWith(const With *p){ sqlite3TreeViewWith(0,p,0); }

  u64 s = 0;       /* significand */
  int d = 0;       /* adjust exponent for shifting decimal point */
  int esign = 1;   /* sign of exponent */
  int e = 0;       /* exponent */
  int eValid = 1;  /* True exponent is either not used or is well-formed */
  int nDigit = 0;  /* Number of digits processed */
  int eType = 1;   /* 1: pure integer,  2+: fractional  -1 or less: bad UTF16 */
  u64 s2;          /* round-tripped significand */
  double rr[2];
  u64 s2;

  assert( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
  *pResult = 0.0;   /* Default return value, in case of an error */
  if( length==0 ) return 0;

  if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    incr = 1;

    goto atof_return;
  }

  /* adjust exponent by d, and update sign */
  e = (e*esign) + d;

  /* Try to adjust the exponent to make it smaller */
  while( e>0 && s<((LARGEST_UINT64-0x7ff)/10) ){
  while( e>0 && s<(LARGEST_UINT64/10) ){
    s *= 10;
    e--;
  }
  while( e<0 && (s%10)==0 ){
    s /= 10;
    e++;
  }

  rr[0] = (double)s;
  assert( sizeof(s2)==sizeof(rr[0]) );
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  s2 = (u64)rr[0];
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<1700
  rr[1] = 18446744073709549568.0;
  memcpy(&s2, &rr[1], sizeof(s2));
  assert( s2==0x43efffffffffffffLL );
  if( s2==0x8000000000000000LL ){ s2 = 2*(u64)(0.5*rr[0]); }
#endif
  /* Largest double that can be safely converted to u64
  **         vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv   */
  if( rr[0]<=18446744073709549568.0 ){
    s2 = (u64)rr[0];
    rr[1] = s>=s2 ? (double)(s - s2) : -(double)(s2 - s);
  rr[1] = s>=s2 ? (double)(s - s2) : -(double)(s2 - s);
  }else{
    rr[1] = 0.0;
  }
  assert( rr[1]<=1.0e-10*rr[0] );  /* Equal only when rr[0]==0.0 */

  if( e>0 ){
    while( e>=100  ){
      e -= 100;
      dekkerMul2(rr, 1.0e+100, -1.5902891109759918046e+83);
    }
    while( e>=10   ){
      e -= 10;

    const char *z = (const char*)&pIn[i+2];
    if( strncmp(z,zName,nName)==0 && z[nName]==0 ) return pIn[i];
    i += pIn[i+1];
  }while( i<mx );
  return 0;
}

/*
** High-resolution hardware timer used for debugging and testing only.
*/
#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE)  \
 || defined(SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE) \
 || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of util.c *********************/
/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
/*
** 2008 May 27
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
#define SQLITE_HWTIME_H

/*
** The following routine only works on Pentium-class (or newer) processors.
** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
** profiling.
*/
#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))

  #if defined(__GNUC__)

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     unsigned int lo, hi;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
  }

  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)

  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     __asm {
        rdtsc
        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
     }
  }

  #endif

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     unsigned int lo, hi;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
  }

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
      unsigned long long retval;
      unsigned long junk;
      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
                  mftb    %L0\n\
                  mftbu   %0\n\
                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
                  bne     1b"
                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
      return retval;
  }

#else

  /*
  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
  **
  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
  ** should not be a great loss.
  */
SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }

#endif

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_HWTIME_H) */

/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in util.c ***********************/
#endif

/************** End of util.c ************************************************/
/************** Begin file hash.c ********************************************/
/*
** 2001 September 22
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

#   define F_GETLK 5
#   define F_SETLK 6
#   define F_SETLKW 7
#  endif
# endif
#else /* !SQLITE_WASI */
# ifndef HAVE_FCHMOD
#  define HAVE_FCHMOD 1
#  define HAVE_FCHMOD
# endif
#endif /* SQLITE_WASI */

#ifdef SQLITE_WASI
# define osGetpid(X) (pid_t)1
#else
/* Always cast the getpid() return type for compatibility with

    }
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE: {
      int rc = osIoctl(pFile->h, F2FS_IOC_ABORT_VOLATILE_WRITE);
      return rc ? SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC : SQLITE_OK;
    }
#endif /* __linux__ && SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE */

    case SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO: {
      osClose(pFile->h);
      pFile->h = -1;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE: {
      *(int*)pArg = pFile->eFileLock;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO: {
      *(int*)pArg = pFile->lastErrno;
      return SQLITE_OK;

    }
#endif /* __linux__ && SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE */

    /* Set the POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE flag if requested. */
    if( pFd->ctrlFlags & UNIXFILE_PSOW ){
      pFd->deviceCharacteristics |= SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE;
    }
    pFd->deviceCharacteristics |= SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ;

    pFd->sectorSize = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
  }
}
#else
#include <sys/dcmd_blk.h>
#include <sys/statvfs.h>

      pFile->h = *phFile;
      *phFile = hOldFile;
      OSTRACE(("FCNTL oldFile=%p, newFile=%p, rc=SQLITE_OK\n",
               hOldFile, pFile->h));
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
#endif
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO: {
      (void)osCloseHandle(pFile->h);
      pFile->h = NULL;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    case SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME: {
      char *zTFile = 0;
      int rc = winGetTempname(pFile->pVfs, &zTFile);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        *(char**)pArg = zTFile;
      }
      OSTRACE(("FCNTL file=%p, rc=%s\n", pFile->h, sqlite3ErrName(rc)));

}

/*
** Return a vector of device characteristics.
*/
static int winDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
  winFile *p = (winFile*)id;
  return SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN | SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ |
  return SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN |
         ((p->ctrlFlags & WINFILE_PSOW)?SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE:0);
}

/*
** Windows will only let you create file view mappings
** on allocation size granularity boundaries.
** During sqlite3_os_init() we do a GetSystemInfo()

  /* If argument zPath is a NULL pointer, this function is required to open
  ** a temporary file. Use this buffer to store the file name in.
  */
  char *zTmpname = 0; /* For temporary filename, if necessary. */

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;            /* Function Return Code */
#if !defined(NDEBUG) || SQLITE_OS_WINCE
  int eType = flags&0x0FFF00;  /* Type of file to open */
  int eType = flags&0xFFFFFF00;  /* Type of file to open */
#endif

  int isExclusive  = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE);
  int isDelete     = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE);
  int isCreate     = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
  int isReadonly   = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY);
  int isReadWrite  = (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE);

*/
#if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
# define USEFETCH(x) ((x)->bUseFetch)
#else
# define USEFETCH(x) 0
#endif

/*
** The argument to this macro is a file descriptor (type sqlite3_file*).
** Return 0 if it is not open, or non-zero (but not 1) if it is.
**
** This is so that expressions can be written as:
**
**   if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){ ...
**
** instead of
**
**   if( pPager->jfd->pMethods ){ ...
*/
#define isOpen(pFd) ((pFd)->pMethods!=0)

#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
/*
** Return true if page pgno can be read directly from the database file
** by the b-tree layer. This is the case if:
**
**   (1)  the database file is open
**   * the database file is open,
**   (2)  the VFS for the database is able to do unaligned sub-page reads
**   (3)  there are no dirty pages in the cache, and
**   (4)  the desired page is not currently in the wal file.
**   * there are no dirty pages in the cache, and
**   * the desired page is not currently in the wal file.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerDirectReadOk(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
  assert( pPager!=0 );
  assert( pPager->fd!=0 );
  if( pPager->fd->pMethods==0 ) return 0;  /* Case (1) */
  if( sqlite3PCacheIsDirty(pPager->pPCache) ) return 0; /* Failed (3) */
  if( pPager->fd->pMethods==0 ) return 0;
  if( sqlite3PCacheIsDirty(pPager->pPCache) ) return 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  if( pPager->pWal ){
    u32 iRead = 0;
    (void)sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iRead);
    return iRead==0; /* Condition (4) */
    return iRead==0;
  }
#endif
  assert( pPager->fd->pMethods->xDeviceCharacteristics!=0 );
  if( (pPager->fd->pMethods->xDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)
        & SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ)==0 ){
    return 0; /* Case (2) */
  }
  return 1;
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
# define pagerUseWal(x) ((x)->pWal!=0)
#else

          ** https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1072773
          */
          rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, pPager->syncFlags);
        }
      }
      pPager->journalOff = 0;
    }else if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
      || (pPager->exclusiveMode && pPager->journalMode<PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL)
      || (pPager->exclusiveMode && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL)
    ){
      rc = zeroJournalHdr(pPager, hasSuper||pPager->tempFile);
      pPager->journalOff = 0;
    }else{
      /* This branch may be executed with Pager.journalMode==MEMORY if
      ** a hot-journal was just rolled back. In this case the journal
      ** file should be closed and deleted. If this connection writes to

    pWal->pWiValue = 0;
  }
  return SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE;
}

/*
** Assert that the Wal.lockMask mask, which indicates the locks held
** by the connection, is consistent with the Wal.readLock, Wal.writeLock
** by the connenction, is consistent with the Wal.readLock, Wal.writeLock
** and Wal.ckptLock variables. To be used as:
**
**   assert( walAssertLockmask(pWal) );
*/
static int walAssertLockmask(Wal *pWal){
  if( pWal->exclusiveMode==0 ){
    static const int S = 1;

** checkpoint process do as much work as possible.  This routine might
** update values of the aReadMark[] array in the header, but if it does
** so it takes care to hold an exclusive lock on the corresponding
** WAL_READ_LOCK() while changing values.
*/
static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int *pCnt){
  volatile WalCkptInfo *pInfo;    /* Checkpoint information in wal-index */
  u32 mxReadMark;                 /* Largest aReadMark[] value */
  int mxI;                        /* Index of largest aReadMark[] value */
  int i;                          /* Loop counter */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code  */
  u32 mxFrame;                    /* Wal frame to lock to */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
  int nBlockTmout = 0;
#endif

  assert( pWal->readLock<0 );     /* Not currently locked */

  /* useWal may only be set for read/write connections */

    }
  }

  assert( pWal->nWiData>0 );
  assert( pWal->apWiData[0]!=0 );
  pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
  SEH_INJECT_FAULT;
  {
    u32 mxReadMark;               /* Largest aReadMark[] value */
    int mxI;                      /* Index of largest aReadMark[] value */
    int i;                        /* Loop counter */
    u32 mxFrame;                  /* Wal frame to lock to */
    if( !useWal && AtomicLoad(&pInfo->nBackfill)==pWal->hdr.mxFrame
  if( !useWal && AtomicLoad(&pInfo->nBackfill)==pWal->hdr.mxFrame
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
     && ((pWal->bGetSnapshot==0 && pWal->pSnapshot==0) || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0)
   && ((pWal->bGetSnapshot==0 && pWal->pSnapshot==0) || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0)
#endif
    ){
      /* The WAL has been completely backfilled (or it is empty).
      ** and can be safely ignored.
      */
      rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
      walShmBarrier(pWal);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        if( memcmp((void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), &pWal->hdr,sizeof(WalIndexHdr)) ){
          /* It is not safe to allow the reader to continue here if frames
          ** may have been appended to the log before READ_LOCK(0) was obtained.
          ** When holding READ_LOCK(0), the reader ignores the entire log file,
          ** which implies that the database file contains a trustworthy
          ** snapshot. Since holding READ_LOCK(0) prevents a checkpoint from
          ** happening, this is usually correct.
          **
          ** However, if frames have been appended to the log (or if the log
          ** is wrapped and written for that matter) before the READ_LOCK(0)
          ** is obtained, that is not necessarily true. A checkpointer may
          ** have started to backfill the appended frames but crashed before
          ** it finished. Leaving a corrupt image in the database file.
          */
          walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
          return WAL_RETRY;
        }
        pWal->readLock = 0;
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
        return rc;
      }
    }
  ){
    /* The WAL has been completely backfilled (or it is empty).
    ** and can be safely ignored.
    */
    rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
    walShmBarrier(pWal);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      if( memcmp((void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr)) ){
        /* It is not safe to allow the reader to continue here if frames
        ** may have been appended to the log before READ_LOCK(0) was obtained.
        ** When holding READ_LOCK(0), the reader ignores the entire log file,
        ** which implies that the database file contains a trustworthy
        ** snapshot. Since holding READ_LOCK(0) prevents a checkpoint from
        ** happening, this is usually correct.
        **
        ** However, if frames have been appended to the log (or if the log
        ** is wrapped and written for that matter) before the READ_LOCK(0)
        ** is obtained, that is not necessarily true. A checkpointer may
        ** have started to backfill the appended frames but crashed before
        ** it finished. Leaving a corrupt image in the database file.
        */
        walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
        return WAL_RETRY;
      }
      pWal->readLock = 0;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
      return rc;
    }
  }

    /* If we get this far, it means that the reader will want to use
    ** the WAL to get at content from recent commits.  The job now is
    ** to select one of the aReadMark[] entries that is closest to
    ** but not exceeding pWal->hdr.mxFrame and lock that entry.
    */
    mxReadMark = 0;
    mxI = 0;
    mxFrame = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
  /* If we get this far, it means that the reader will want to use
  ** the WAL to get at content from recent commits.  The job now is
  ** to select one of the aReadMark[] entries that is closest to
  ** but not exceeding pWal->hdr.mxFrame and lock that entry.
  */
  mxReadMark = 0;
  mxI = 0;
  mxFrame = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
    if( pWal->pSnapshot && pWal->pSnapshot->mxFrame<mxFrame ){
      mxFrame = pWal->pSnapshot->mxFrame;
    }
  if( pWal->pSnapshot && pWal->pSnapshot->mxFrame<mxFrame ){
    mxFrame = pWal->pSnapshot->mxFrame;
  }
#endif
    for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
      u32 thisMark = AtomicLoad(pInfo->aReadMark+i); SEH_INJECT_FAULT;
      if( mxReadMark<=thisMark && thisMark<=mxFrame ){
        assert( thisMark!=READMARK_NOT_USED );
        mxReadMark = thisMark;
        mxI = i;
      }
    }
    if( (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)==0
     && (mxReadMark<mxFrame || mxI==0)
    ){
      for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
        rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          AtomicStore(pInfo->aReadMark+i,mxFrame);
          mxReadMark = mxFrame;
          mxI = i;
          walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
          break;
        }else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
          return rc;
        }
      }
    }
    if( mxI==0 ){
      assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)!=0 );
      return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
    }
  for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
    u32 thisMark = AtomicLoad(pInfo->aReadMark+i); SEH_INJECT_FAULT;
    if( mxReadMark<=thisMark && thisMark<=mxFrame ){
      assert( thisMark!=READMARK_NOT_USED );
      mxReadMark = thisMark;
      mxI = i;
    }
  }
  if( (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)==0
   && (mxReadMark<mxFrame || mxI==0)
  ){
    for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
      rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        AtomicStore(pInfo->aReadMark+i,mxFrame);
        mxReadMark = mxFrame;
        mxI = i;
        walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
        break;
      }else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
        return rc;
      }
    }
  }
  if( mxI==0 ){
    assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)!=0 );
    return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
  }

    (void)walEnableBlockingMs(pWal, nBlockTmout);
    rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
    walDisableBlocking(pWal);
    if( rc ){
  (void)walEnableBlockingMs(pWal, nBlockTmout);
  rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
  walDisableBlocking(pWal);
  if( rc ){
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
      if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ){
        *pCnt |= WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK;
      }
    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ){
      *pCnt |= WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK;
    }
#else
      assert( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT );
    assert( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT );
#endif
      assert((rc&0xFF)!=SQLITE_BUSY||rc==SQLITE_BUSY||rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT);
      return (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : rc;
    }
    /* Now that the read-lock has been obtained, check that neither the
    ** value in the aReadMark[] array or the contents of the wal-index
    ** header have changed.
    **
    ** It is necessary to check that the wal-index header did not change
    ** between the time it was read and when the shared-lock was obtained
    ** on WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI) was obtained to account for the possibility
    ** that the log file may have been wrapped by a writer, or that frames
    ** that occur later in the log than pWal->hdr.mxFrame may have been
    ** copied into the database by a checkpointer. If either of these things
    ** happened, then reading the database with the current value of
    ** pWal->hdr.mxFrame risks reading a corrupted snapshot. So, retry
    ** instead.
    **
    ** Before checking that the live wal-index header has not changed
    ** since it was read, set Wal.minFrame to the first frame in the wal
    ** file that has not yet been checkpointed. This client will not need
    ** to read any frames earlier than minFrame from the wal file - they
    ** can be safely read directly from the database file.
    **
    ** Because a ShmBarrier() call is made between taking the copy of
    ** nBackfill and checking that the wal-header in shared-memory still
    ** matches the one cached in pWal->hdr, it is guaranteed that the
    ** checkpointer that set nBackfill was not working with a wal-index
    ** header newer than that cached in pWal->hdr. If it were, that could
    ** cause a problem. The checkpointer could omit to checkpoint
    ** a version of page X that lies before pWal->minFrame (call that version
    ** A) on the basis that there is a newer version (version B) of the same
    ** page later in the wal file. But if version B happens to like past
    ** frame pWal->hdr.mxFrame - then the client would incorrectly assume
    ** that it can read version A from the database file. However, since
    ** we can guarantee that the checkpointer that set nBackfill could not
    ** see any pages past pWal->hdr.mxFrame, this problem does not come up.
    */
    pWal->minFrame = AtomicLoad(&pInfo->nBackfill)+1; SEH_INJECT_FAULT;
    walShmBarrier(pWal);
    if( AtomicLoad(pInfo->aReadMark+mxI)!=mxReadMark
     || memcmp((void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr))
    ){
      walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
      return WAL_RETRY;
    }else{
      assert( mxReadMark<=pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
      pWal->readLock = (i16)mxI;
    assert( (rc&0xFF)!=SQLITE_BUSY||rc==SQLITE_BUSY||rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT );
    return (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : rc;
  }
  /* Now that the read-lock has been obtained, check that neither the
  ** value in the aReadMark[] array or the contents of the wal-index
  ** header have changed.
  **
  ** It is necessary to check that the wal-index header did not change
  ** between the time it was read and when the shared-lock was obtained
  ** on WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI) was obtained to account for the possibility
  ** that the log file may have been wrapped by a writer, or that frames
  ** that occur later in the log than pWal->hdr.mxFrame may have been
  ** copied into the database by a checkpointer. If either of these things
  ** happened, then reading the database with the current value of
  ** pWal->hdr.mxFrame risks reading a corrupted snapshot. So, retry
  ** instead.
  **
  ** Before checking that the live wal-index header has not changed
  ** since it was read, set Wal.minFrame to the first frame in the wal
  ** file that has not yet been checkpointed. This client will not need
  ** to read any frames earlier than minFrame from the wal file - they
  ** can be safely read directly from the database file.
  **
  ** Because a ShmBarrier() call is made between taking the copy of
  ** nBackfill and checking that the wal-header in shared-memory still
  ** matches the one cached in pWal->hdr, it is guaranteed that the
  ** checkpointer that set nBackfill was not working with a wal-index
  ** header newer than that cached in pWal->hdr. If it were, that could
  ** cause a problem. The checkpointer could omit to checkpoint
  ** a version of page X that lies before pWal->minFrame (call that version
  ** A) on the basis that there is a newer version (version B) of the same
  ** page later in the wal file. But if version B happens to like past
  ** frame pWal->hdr.mxFrame - then the client would incorrectly assume
  ** that it can read version A from the database file. However, since
  ** we can guarantee that the checkpointer that set nBackfill could not
  ** see any pages past pWal->hdr.mxFrame, this problem does not come up.
  */
  pWal->minFrame = AtomicLoad(&pInfo->nBackfill)+1; SEH_INJECT_FAULT;
  walShmBarrier(pWal);
  if( AtomicLoad(pInfo->aReadMark+mxI)!=mxReadMark
   || memcmp((void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr))
  ){
    walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
    return WAL_RETRY;
  }else{
    assert( mxReadMark<=pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
    pWal->readLock = (i16)mxI;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
/*
** This function does the work of sqlite3WalSnapshotRecover().

**    Mem.db = db
**    Mem.szMalloc = 0
**
** All other fields of Mem can safely remain uninitialized for now.  They
** will be initialized before use.
*/
static void initMemArray(Mem *p, int N, sqlite3 *db, u16 flags){
  assert( db!=0 );
  if( N>0 ){
    do{
      p->flags = flags;
      p->db = db;
      p->szMalloc = 0;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      p->pScopyFrom = 0;

** will be unchanged.  Mem elements which had something freed will be
** set to MEM_Undefined.
*/
static void releaseMemArray(Mem *p, int N){
  if( p && N ){
    Mem *pEnd = &p[N];
    sqlite3 *db = p->db;
    assert( db!=0 );
    if( db->pnBytesFreed ){
      do{
        if( p->szMalloc ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
      }while( (++p)<pEnd );
      return;
    }
    do{

  struct ReusableSpace x;        /* Reusable bulk memory */

  assert( p!=0 );
  assert( p->nOp>0 );
  assert( pParse!=0 );
  assert( p->eVdbeState==VDBE_INIT_STATE );
  assert( pParse==p->pParse );
  assert( pParse->db==p->db );
  p->pVList = pParse->pVList;
  pParse->pVList =  0;
  db = p->db;
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  nVar = pParse->nVar;
  nMem = pParse->nMem;
  nCursor = pParse->nTab;

  db->pPreUpdate = &preupdate;
  db->xPreUpdateCallback(db->pPreUpdateArg, db, op, zDb, zTbl, iKey1, iKey2);
  db->pPreUpdate = 0;
  sqlite3DbFree(db, preupdate.aRecord);
  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField+1, preupdate.pUnpacked);
  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField+1, preupdate.pNewUnpacked);
  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&preupdate.oldipk);
  if( preupdate.aNew ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pCsr->nField; i++){
      sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&preupdate.aNew[i]);
    }
    sqlite3DbNNFreeNN(db, preupdate.aNew);
  }

**
** Specifically, this is called from within:
**
**     sqlite3_column_int()
**     sqlite3_column_int64()
**     sqlite3_column_text()
**     sqlite3_column_text16()
**     sqlite3_column_double()
**     sqlite3_column_real()
**     sqlite3_column_bytes()
**     sqlite3_column_bytes16()
**     sqlite3_column_blob()
*/
static void columnMallocFailure(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt)
{
  /* If malloc() failed during an encoding conversion within an

    iIdx = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(p->pPk, iIdx);
  }
  if( iIdx>=p->pCsr->nField || iIdx<0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
    goto preupdate_old_out;
  }

  /* If the old.* record has not yet been loaded into memory, do so now. */
  if( p->pUnpacked==0 ){
    u32 nRec;
    u8 *aRec;

    assert( p->pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
    nRec = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(p->pCsr->uc.pCursor);
    aRec = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, nRec);
    if( !aRec ) goto preupdate_old_out;
    rc = sqlite3BtreePayload(p->pCsr->uc.pCursor, 0, nRec, aRec);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      p->pUnpacked = vdbeUnpackRecord(&p->keyinfo, nRec, aRec);
      if( !p->pUnpacked ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, aRec);
      goto preupdate_old_out;
    }
    p->aRecord = aRec;
  }

  pMem = *ppValue = &p->pUnpacked->aMem[iIdx];
  if( iIdx==p->pTab->iPKey ){
    *ppValue = pMem = &p->oldipk;
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem, p->iKey1);
  }else{

    /* If the old.* record has not yet been loaded into memory, do so now. */
    if( p->pUnpacked==0 ){
      u32 nRec;
      u8 *aRec;

      assert( p->pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
      nRec = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(p->pCsr->uc.pCursor);
      aRec = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, nRec);
      if( !aRec ) goto preupdate_old_out;
      rc = sqlite3BtreePayload(p->pCsr->uc.pCursor, 0, nRec, aRec);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        p->pUnpacked = vdbeUnpackRecord(&p->keyinfo, nRec, aRec);
        if( !p->pUnpacked ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, aRec);
        goto preupdate_old_out;
      }
      p->aRecord = aRec;
    }

    pMem = *ppValue = &p->pUnpacked->aMem[iIdx];
    if( iIdx>=p->pUnpacked->nField ){
      /* This occurs when the table has been extended using ALTER TABLE
      ** ADD COLUMN. The value to return is the default value of the column. */
      Column *pCol = &p->pTab->aCol[iIdx];
      if( pCol->iDflt>0 ){
        if( p->apDflt==0 ){
          int nByte = sizeof(sqlite3_value*)*p->pTab->nCol;
          p->apDflt = (sqlite3_value**)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
          if( p->apDflt==0 ) goto preupdate_old_out;
        }
        if( p->apDflt[iIdx]==0 ){
          sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
          Expr *pDflt;
          assert( p->pTab!=0 && IsOrdinaryTable(p->pTab) );
          pDflt = p->pTab->u.tab.pDfltList->a[pCol->iDflt-1].pExpr;
          rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, ENC(db), pCol->affinity, &pVal);
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal==0 ){
            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
          }
          p->apDflt[iIdx] = pVal;
        }
        *ppValue = p->apDflt[iIdx];
      }else{
        *ppValue = (sqlite3_value *)columnNullValue();
      }
    }else if( p->pTab->aCol[iIdx].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
      if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
        testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pMem);
  }else if( iIdx>=p->pUnpacked->nField ){
    /* This occurs when the table has been extended using ALTER TABLE
    ** ADD COLUMN. The value to return is the default value of the column. */
    Column *pCol = &p->pTab->aCol[iIdx];
    if( pCol->iDflt>0 ){
      if( p->apDflt==0 ){
        int nByte = sizeof(sqlite3_value*)*p->pTab->nCol;
        p->apDflt = (sqlite3_value**)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
        if( p->apDflt==0 ) goto preupdate_old_out;
      }
      if( p->apDflt[iIdx]==0 ){
        sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
        Expr *pDflt;
        assert( p->pTab!=0 && IsOrdinaryTable(p->pTab) );
        pDflt = p->pTab->u.tab.pDfltList->a[pCol->iDflt-1].pExpr;
        rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, ENC(db), pCol->affinity, &pVal);
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal==0 ){
          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
        }
        p->apDflt[iIdx] = pVal;
      }
      *ppValue = p->apDflt[iIdx];
    }else{
      *ppValue = (sqlite3_value *)columnNullValue();
    }
  }else if( p->pTab->aCol[iIdx].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
    if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
      testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
      testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
      sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pMem);
      }
    }
  }

 preupdate_old_out:
  sqlite3Error(db, rc);
  return sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
}

** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
*/
/* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
/* #include "vdbeInt.h" */

/*
** High-resolution hardware timer used for debugging and testing only.
*/
#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE)  \
 || defined(SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE) \
 || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of vdbe.c *********************/
/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
/*
** 2008 May 27
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
#define SQLITE_HWTIME_H

/*
** The following routine only works on Pentium-class (or newer) processors.
** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
** profiling.
*/
#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))

  #if defined(__GNUC__)

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     unsigned int lo, hi;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
  }

  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)

  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     __asm {
        rdtsc
        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
     }
  }

  #endif

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     unsigned int lo, hi;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
  }

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
      unsigned long long retval;
      unsigned long junk;
      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
                  mftb    %L0\n\
                  mftbu   %0\n\
                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
                  bne     1b"
                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
      return retval;
  }

#else

  /*
  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
  **
  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
  ** should not be a great loss.
  */
SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }

#endif

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_HWTIME_H) */

/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.c ***********************/
#endif

/*
** Invoke this macro on memory cells just prior to changing the
** value of the cell.  This macro verifies that shallow copies are
** not misused.  A shallow copy of a string or blob just copies a
** pointer to the string or blob, not the content.  If the original
** is changed while the copy is still in use, the string or blob might
** be changed out from under the copy.  This macro verifies that nothing

          pCx->pgnoRoot = SCHEMA_ROOT;
          rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->ub.pBtx, SCHEMA_ROOT, BTREE_WRCSR,
              0, pCx->uc.pCursor);
          pCx->isTable = 1;
        }
      }
      pCx->isOrdered = (pOp->p5!=BTREE_UNORDERED);
      assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]==pCx );
      if( rc ){
        assert( !sqlite3BtreeClosesWithCursor(pCx->ub.pBtx, pCx->uc.pCursor) );
        sqlite3BtreeClose(pCx->ub.pBtx);
        p->apCsr[pOp->p1] = 0;  /* Not required; helps with static analysis */
      }else{
        assert( sqlite3BtreeClosesWithCursor(pCx->ub.pBtx, pCx->uc.pCursor) );
      }
    }
  }
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;

**
** For loop elements, P3 is the estimated code of each invocation of this
** element.
**
** As with all opcodes, the meanings of the parameters for OP_Explain
** are subject to change from one release to the next.  Applications
** should not attempt to interpret or use any of the information
** contained in the OP_Explain opcode.  The information provided by this
** contined in the OP_Explain opcode.  The information provided by this
** opcode is intended for testing and debugging use only.
*/
default: {          /* This is really OP_Noop, OP_Explain */
  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Noop || pOp->opcode==OP_Explain );

  break;
}

    p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pRight, pLeft);
  }else{
    p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLeft, pRight);
  }
  p5 = binaryCompareP5(pLeft, pRight, jumpIfNull);
  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, opcode, in2, dest, in1,
                           (void*)p4, P4_COLLSEQ);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(pParse->pVdbe, (u16)p5);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(pParse->pVdbe, (u8)p5);
  return addr;
}

/*
** Return true if expression pExpr is a vector, or false otherwise.
**
** A vector is defined as any expression that results in two or more

**   (3)  pSrc cannot be part of the left operand for a RIGHT JOIN.
**        (Is there some way to relax this constraint?)
**
**   (4)  If pSrc is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN, then...
**         (4a)  pExpr must come from an ON clause..
**         (4b)  and specifically the ON clause associated with the LEFT JOIN.
**
**   (5)  If pSrc is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN or the left
**   (5)  If pSrc is not the right operand of a LEFT JOIN or the left
**        operand of a RIGHT JOIN, then pExpr must be from the WHERE
**        clause, not an ON clause.
**
**   (6) Either:
**
**       (6a) pExpr does not originate in an ON or USING clause, or
**

** or NULL value - then the VDBE currently being prepared is configured
** to re-prepare each time a new value is bound to variable pVar.
**
** Additionally, if pExpr is a simple SQL value and the value is the
** same as that currently bound to variable pVar, non-zero is returned.
** Otherwise, if the values are not the same or if pExpr is not a simple
** SQL value, zero is returned.
**
** If the SQLITE_EnableQPSG flag is set on the database connection, then
** this routine always returns false.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int exprCompareVariable(
static int exprCompareVariable(
  const Parse *pParse,
  const Expr *pVar,
  const Expr *pExpr
){
  int res = 2;
  int res = 0;
  int iVar;
  sqlite3_value *pL, *pR = 0;

  if( pExpr->op==TK_VARIABLE && pVar->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)!=0 ) return 2;
  sqlite3ValueFromExpr(pParse->db, pExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pR);
  if( pR ){
    iVar = pVar->iColumn;
    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iVar);
    pL = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pParse->pReprepare, iVar, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
    if( pL ){
      if( sqlite3_value_type(pL)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
        sqlite3_value_text(pL); /* Make sure the encoding is UTF-8 */
      }
      res = sqlite3MemCompare(pL, pR, 0) ? 2 : 0;
      res =  0==sqlite3MemCompare(pL, pR, 0);
    }
    sqlite3ValueFree(pR);
    sqlite3ValueFree(pL);
  }

  return res;
}

/*
** Do a deep comparison of two expression trees.  Return 0 if the two
** expressions are completely identical.  Return 1 if they differ only
** by a COLLATE operator at the top level.  Return 2 if there are differences

** returns 2, then you do not really know for certain if the two
** expressions are the same.  But if you get a 0 or 1 return, then you
** can be sure the expressions are the same.  In the places where
** this routine is used, it does not hurt to get an extra 2 - that
** just might result in some slightly slower code.  But returning
** an incorrect 0 or 1 could lead to a malfunction.
**
** If pParse is not NULL and SQLITE_EnableQPSG is off then TK_VARIABLE
** terms in pA with bindings in pParse->pReprepare can be matched against
** literals in pB.  The pParse->pVdbe->expmask bitmask is updated for
** each variable referenced.
** If pParse is not NULL then TK_VARIABLE terms in pA with bindings in
** pParse->pReprepare can be matched against literals in pB.  The
** pParse->pVdbe->expmask bitmask is updated for each variable referenced.
** If pParse is NULL (the normal case) then any TK_VARIABLE term in
** Argument pParse should normally be NULL. If it is not NULL and pA or
** pB causes a return value of 2.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(
  const Parse *pParse,
  const Expr *pA,
  const Expr *pB,
  int iTab
){
  u32 combinedFlags;
  if( pA==0 || pB==0 ){
    return pB==pA ? 0 : 2;
  }
  if( pParse && pA->op==TK_VARIABLE ){
    return exprCompareVariable(pParse, pA, pB);
  if( pParse && pA->op==TK_VARIABLE && exprCompareVariable(pParse, pA, pB) ){
    return 0;
  }
  combinedFlags = pA->flags | pB->flags;
  if( combinedFlags & EP_IntValue ){
    if( (pA->flags&pB->flags&EP_IntValue)!=0 && pA->u.iValue==pB->u.iValue ){
      return 0;
    }
    return 2;

    case TK_NOT: {
      return exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pLeft, pNN, iTab, 1);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Return true if the boolean value of the expression is always either
** FALSE or NULL.
*/
static int sqlite3ExprIsNotTrue(Expr *pExpr){
  int v;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_NULL ) return 1;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_TRUEFALSE && sqlite3ExprTruthValue(pExpr)==0 ) return 1;
  v = 1;
  if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pExpr, &v, 0) && v==0 ) return 1;
  return 0;
}

/*
** Return true if the expression is one of the following:
**
**    CASE WHEN x THEN y END
**    CASE WHEN x THEN y ELSE NULL END
**    CASE WHEN x THEN y ELSE false END
**    iif(x,y)
**    iif(x,y,NULL)
**    iif(x,y,false)
*/
static int sqlite3ExprIsIIF(sqlite3 *db, const Expr *pExpr){
  ExprList *pList;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
    const char *z = pExpr->u.zToken;
    FuncDef *pDef;
    if( (z[0]!='i' && z[0]!='I') ) return 0;
    if( pExpr->x.pList==0 ) return 0;
    pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, z, pExpr->x.pList->nExpr, ENC(db), 0);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
    if( pDef==0 ) return 0;
#else
    if( NEVER(pDef==0) ) return 0;
#endif
    if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE)==0 ) return 0;
    if( SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pDef->pUserData)!=INLINEFUNC_iif ) return 0;
  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_CASE ){
    if( pExpr->pLeft!=0 ) return 0;
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  assert( pList!=0 );
  if( pList->nExpr==2 ) return 1;
  if( pList->nExpr==3 && sqlite3ExprIsNotTrue(pList->a[2].pExpr) ) return 1;
  return 0;
}

/*
** Return true if we can prove the pE2 will always be true if pE1 is
** true.  Return false if we cannot complete the proof or if pE2 might
** be false.  Examples:
**
**     pE1: x==5        pE2: x==5             Result: true
**     pE1: x>0         pE2: x==5             Result: false
**     pE1: x=21        pE2: x=21 OR y=43     Result: true
**     pE1: x!=123      pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: true
**     pE1: x!=?1       pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: true
**     pE1: x IS NULL   pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: false
**     pE1: x IS ?2     pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: false
**     pE1: x==5       pE2: x==5             Result: true
**     pE1: x>0        pE2: x==5             Result: false
**     pE1: x=21       pE2: x=21 OR y=43     Result: true
**     pE1: x!=123     pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: true
**     pE1: x!=?1      pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: true
**     pE1: x IS NULL  pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: false
**     pE1: x IS ?2    pE2: x IS NOT NULL    Result: false
**     pE1: iif(x,y)    pE2: x                Result: true
**     PE1: iif(x,y,0)  pE2: x                Result: true
**
** When comparing TK_COLUMN nodes between pE1 and pE2, if pE2 has
** Expr.iTable<0 then assume a table number given by iTab.
**
** If pParse is not NULL, then the values of bound variables in pE1 are
** compared against literal values in pE2 and pParse->pVdbe->expmask is
** modified to record which bound variables are referenced.  If pParse

    return 1;
  }
  if( pE2->op==TK_NOTNULL
   && exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, pE1, pE2->pLeft, iTab, 0)
  ){
    return 1;
  }
  if( sqlite3ExprIsIIF(pParse->db, pE1) ){
    return sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse,pE1->x.pList->a[0].pExpr,pE2,iTab);
  }
  return 0;
}

/* This is a helper function to impliesNotNullRow().  In this routine,
** set pWalker->eCode to one only if *both* of the input expressions
** separately have the implies-not-null-row property.
*/

    db->mDbFlags &= ~(DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk);
    if( !REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db) ){
      rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrDyn);
    }
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
    assert( zErrDyn==0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db) ){
    u8 newAuth = 0;
    rc = sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(db, zName, &newAuth);
    if( newAuth<db->auth.authLevel ){
      rc = SQLITE_AUTH_USER;
    }
  }
#endif
  if( rc ){
    if( ALWAYS(!REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db)) ){
      int iDb = db->nDb - 1;
      assert( iDb>=2 );
      if( db->aDb[iDb].pBt ){
        sqlite3BtreeClose(db->aDb[iDb].pBt);
        db->aDb[iDb].pBt = 0;

  int iDb                         /* Index of containing database. */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;          /* Database handle */
  char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName; /* Schema name of attached database */
  int rc;                            /* Auth callback return code */

  if( db->init.busy ) return SQLITE_OK;
  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg, SQLITE_READ, zTab,zCol,zDb,pParse->zAuthContext);
  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg, SQLITE_READ, zTab,zCol,zDb,pParse->zAuthContext
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
                 ,db->auth.zAuthUser
#endif
                );
  if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
    char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%s", zTab, zCol);
    if( db->nDb>2 || iDb!=0 ) z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%z", zDb, z);
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %z is prohibited", z);
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;
  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_IGNORE && rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(pParse);

  ** The following testcase() macros show that any of the 3rd through 6th
  ** parameters can be either NULL or a string. */
  testcase( zArg1==0 );
  testcase( zArg2==0 );
  testcase( zArg3==0 );
  testcase( pParse->zAuthContext==0 );

  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg,code,zArg1,zArg2,zArg3,pParse->zAuthContext);
  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg, code, zArg1, zArg2, zArg3, pParse->zAuthContext
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
                 ,db->auth.zAuthUser
#endif
                );
  if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not authorized");
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;
  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_IGNORE ){
    rc = SQLITE_DENY;
    sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(pParse);
  }

        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, reg, i);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pReturning->iRetCur, addrRewind+1);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrRewind);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE)
    if( pParse->nTableLock>0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
      sqlite3UserAuthInit(db);
      if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_User ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "user not authenticated");
        pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH_USER;
        return;
      }
    }
#endif

    /* The cookie mask contains one bit for each database file open.
    ** (Bit 0 is for main, bit 1 is for temp, and so forth.)  Bits are
    ** set for each database that is used.  Generate code to start a
    ** transaction on each used database and to verify the schema cookie
    ** on each used database.
    */

  sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql);
  db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
  memcpy(PARSE_TAIL(pParse), saveBuf, PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
  pParse->nested--;
}

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*
** Return TRUE if zTable is the name of the system table that stores the
** list of users and their access credentials.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char *zTable){
  return sqlite3_stricmp(zTable, "sqlite_user")==0;
}
#endif

/*
** Locate the in-memory structure that describes a particular database
** table given the name of that table and (optionally) the name of the
** database containing the table.  Return NULL if not found.
**
** If zDatabase is 0, all databases are searched for the table and the
** first matching table is returned.  (No checking for duplicate table
** names is done.)  The search order is TEMP first, then MAIN, then any
** auxiliary databases added using the ATTACH command.
**
** See also sqlite3LocateTable().
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDatabase){
  Table *p = 0;
  int i;

  /* All mutexes are required for schema access.  Make sure we hold them. */
  assert( zDatabase!=0 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  /* Only the admin user is allowed to know that the sqlite_user table
  ** exists */
  if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_Admin && sqlite3UserAuthTable(zName)!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
#endif
  if( zDatabase ){
    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[i].zDbSName)==0 ) break;
    }
    if( i>=db->nDb ){
      /* No match against the official names.  But always match "main"
      ** to schema 0 as a legacy fallback. */

  }
  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];

  assert( pTab!=0 );
  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0
       && db->init.busy==0
       && pTblName!=0
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
       && sqlite3UserAuthTable(pTab->zName)==0
#endif
  ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be indexed", pTab->zName);
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
  if( IsView(pTab) ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "views may not be indexed");

  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  const unsigned char *z;
  const unsigned char *z2;
  int len;
  int p0type;
  i64 p1, p2;
  int negP2 = 0;

  assert( argc==3 || argc==2 );
  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[1])==SQLITE_NULL
   || (argc==3 && sqlite3_value_type(argv[2])==SQLITE_NULL)
  ){
    return;
  }
  p0type = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]);
  p1 = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[1]);
  p1 = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
  if( p0type==SQLITE_BLOB ){
    len = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
    z = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
    if( z==0 ) return;
    assert( len==sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]) );
  }else{
    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);

  ** as substr(X,1,N) - it returns the first N characters of X.  This
  ** is essentially a back-out of the bug-fix in check-in [5fc125d362df4b8]
  ** from 2009-02-02 for compatibility of applications that exploited the
  ** old buggy behavior. */
  if( p1==0 ) p1 = 1; /* <rdar://problem/6778339> */
#endif
  if( argc==3 ){
    p2 = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[2]);
    p2 = sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
    if( p2<0 ){
      p2 = -p2;
      negP2 = 1;
    }
  }else{
    p2 = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context)->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
  }
  if( p1<0 ){
    p1 += len;
    if( p1<0 ){
      if( p2<0 ){
        p2 = 0;
      }else{
        p2 += p1;
      p2 += p1;
      }
      if( p2<0 ) p2 = 0;
      p1 = 0;
    }
  }else if( p1>0 ){
    p1--;
  }else if( p2>0 ){
    p2--;
  }
  if( p2<0 ){
    if( p2<-p1 ){
      p2 = p1;
  if( negP2 ){
    p1 -= p2;
    if( p1<0 ){
      p2 += p1;
    }else{
      p2 = -p2;
      p1 = 0;
    }
    p1 -= p2;
  }
  assert( p1>=0 && p2>=0 );
  if( p0type!=SQLITE_BLOB ){
    while( *z && p1 ){
      SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z);
      p1--;
    }
    for(z2=z; *z2 && p2; p2--){
      SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z2);
    }
    sqlite3_result_text64(context, (char*)z, z2-z, SQLITE_TRANSIENT,
                          SQLITE_UTF8);
  }else{
    if( p1>=len ){
    if( p1+p2>len ){
      p1 = p2 = 0;
    }else if( p2>len-p1 ){
      p2 = len-p1;
      assert( p2>0 );
      if( p2<0 ) p2 = 0;
    }
    sqlite3_result_blob64(context, (char*)&z[p1], (u64)p2, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
}

/*
** Implementation of the round() function
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
static void roundFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
  i64 n = 0;
  int n = 0;
  double r;
  char *zBuf;
  assert( argc==1 || argc==2 );
  if( argc==2 ){
    if( SQLITE_NULL==sqlite3_value_type(argv[1]) ) return;
    n = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[1]);
    n = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
    if( n>30 ) n = 30;
    if( n<0 ) n = 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
  r = sqlite3_value_double(argv[0]);
  /* If Y==0 and X will fit in a 64-bit int,
  ** handle the rounding directly,
  ** otherwise use printf.
  */
  if( r<-4503599627370496.0 || r>+4503599627370496.0 ){
    /* The value has no fractional part so there is nothing to round */
  }else if( n==0 ){
    r = (double)((sqlite_int64)(r+(r<0?-0.5:+0.5)));
  }else{
    zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%!.*f",(int)n,r);
    zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%!.*f",n,r);
    if( zBuf==0 ){
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
      return;
    }
    sqlite3AtoF(zBuf, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zBuf), SQLITE_UTF8);
    sqlite3_free(zBuf);
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_SOUNDEX
    FUNCTION(soundex,            1, 0, 0, soundexFunc      ),
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
    SFUNCTION(load_extension,    1, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
    SFUNCTION(load_extension,    2, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
#endif
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
    FUNCTION(sqlite_crypt,       2, 0, 0, sqlite3CryptFunc ),
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
    DFUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_used,1, 0, 0, compileoptionusedFunc  ),
    DFUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_get, 1, 0, 0, compileoptiongetFunc  ),
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
    INLINE_FUNC(unlikely,        1, INLINEFUNC_unlikely, SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
    INLINE_FUNC(likelihood,      2, INLINEFUNC_unlikely, SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
    INLINE_FUNC(likely,          1, INLINEFUNC_unlikely, SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),

    MFUNCTION(sqrt,              1, sqrt,      math1Func   ),
    MFUNCTION(radians,           1, degToRad,  math1Func   ),
    MFUNCTION(degrees,           1, radToDeg,  math1Func   ),
    MFUNCTION(pi,                0, 0,         piFunc      ),
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS */
    FUNCTION(sign,               1, 0, 0,      signFunc    ),
    INLINE_FUNC(coalesce,       -1, INLINEFUNC_coalesce, 0 ),
    INLINE_FUNC(iif,             2, INLINEFUNC_iif,      0 ),
    INLINE_FUNC(iif,             3, INLINEFUNC_iif,      0 ),
    INLINE_FUNC(if,              2, INLINEFUNC_iif,      0 ),
    INLINE_FUNC(if,              3, INLINEFUNC_iif,      0 ),
  };
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  sqlite3AlterFunctions();
#endif
  sqlite3WindowFunctions();
  sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions();
  sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions();

    }else{
      u64 mask = pPragma->iArg;    /* Mask of bits to set or clear. */
      if( db->autoCommit==0 ){
        /* Foreign key support may not be enabled or disabled while not
        ** in auto-commit mode.  */
        mask &= ~(SQLITE_ForeignKeys);
      }
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
      if( db->auth.authLevel==UAUTH_User ){
        /* Do not allow non-admin users to modify the schema arbitrarily */
        mask &= ~(SQLITE_WriteSchema);
      }
#endif

      if( sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0) ){
        if( (mask & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0
         || (db->flags & SQLITE_Defensive)==0
        ){
          db->flags |= mask;
        }

          Table *pTab;
          if( k==0 ){ initNCol = 0; break; }
          pTab = sqliteHashData(k);
          if( pTab->nCol==0 ){
            char *zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "SELECT*FROM\"%w\"", pTab->zName);
            if( zSql ){
              sqlite3_stmt *pDummy = 0;
              (void)sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG,
                                       &pDummy, 0);
              (void)sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pDummy, 0);
              (void)sqlite3_finalize(pDummy);
              sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
            }
            if( db->mallocFailed ){
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(db->pParse, "out of memory");
              db->pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
            }

      /* Make sure sufficient number of registers have been allocated */
      sqlite3TouchRegister(pParse, 8+cnt);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, 8, 8+cnt);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);

      /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 1, cnt, 8, (char*)aRoot,P4_INTARRAY);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u16)i);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)i);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 2); VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zDbSName),
         P4_DYNAMIC);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 2, 3, 3);
      integrityCheckResultRow(v);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
      /* If opening the main database, set ENC(db). */
      encoding = (u8)meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1] & 3;
      if( encoding==0 ) encoding = SQLITE_UTF8;
#else
      encoding = SQLITE_UTF8;
#endif
      if( db->nVdbeActive>0 && encoding!=ENC(db)
       && (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0
      ){
        rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
        goto initone_error_out;
      }else{
      sqlite3SetTextEncoding(db, encoding);
        sqlite3SetTextEncoding(db, encoding);
      }
    }else{
      /* If opening an attached database, the encoding much match ENC(db) */
      if( (meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1] & 3)!=ENC(db) ){
        sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "attached databases must use the same"
            " text encoding as main database");
        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
        goto initone_error_out;

        if( db->mallocFailed ){
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pNew);
          return pExpr;
        }
        if( pSubst->isOuterJoin ){
          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        if( pNew->op==TK_TRUEFALSE ){
          pNew->u.iValue = sqlite3ExprTruthValue(pNew);
          pNew->op = TK_INTEGER;
          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_IntValue);
        }

        /* Ensure that the expression now has an implicit collation sequence,
        ** just as it did when it was a column of a view or sub-query. */
        {
          CollSeq *pNat = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pSubst->pParse, pNew);
          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pSubst->pParse,
                pSubst->pCList->a[iColumn].pExpr
          );
          if( pNat!=pColl || (pNew->op!=TK_COLUMN && pNew->op!=TK_COLLATE) ){
            pNew = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pSubst->pParse, pNew,
                (pColl ? pColl->zName : "BINARY")
            );
          }
        }
        ExprClearProperty(pNew, EP_Collate);
        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_OuterON|EP_InnerON) ){
          sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pNew, pExpr->w.iJoin,
                             pExpr->flags & (EP_OuterON|EP_InnerON));
        }
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
        pExpr = pNew;
        if( pExpr->op==TK_TRUEFALSE ){
          pExpr->u.iValue = sqlite3ExprTruthValue(pExpr);
          pExpr->op = TK_INTEGER;
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue);
        }

        /* Ensure that the expression now has an implicit collation sequence,
        ** just as it did when it was a column of a view or sub-query. */
        {
          CollSeq *pNat = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pSubst->pParse, pExpr);
          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pSubst->pParse,
                pSubst->pCList->a[iColumn].pExpr
          );
          if( pNat!=pColl || (pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE) ){
            pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pSubst->pParse, pExpr,
                (pColl ? pColl->zName : "BINARY")
            );
          }
        }
        ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Collate);
      }
    }
  }else{
    if( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW && pExpr->iTable==pSubst->iTable ){
      pExpr->iTable = pSubst->iNewTable;
    }
    pExpr->pLeft = substExpr(pSubst, pExpr->pLeft);

      if( pSrc==0 ) break;
      pParent->pSrc = pSrc;
    }

    /* Transfer the FROM clause terms from the subquery into the
    ** outer query.
    */
    iNewParent = pSubSrc->a[0].iCursor;
    for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
      SrcItem *pItem = &pSrc->a[i+iFrom];
      assert( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 );
      assert( pItem->fg.isSubquery
           || pItem->fg.fixedSchema
           || pItem->u4.zDatabase==0 );
      if( pItem->fg.isUsing ) sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->u3.pUsing);
      *pItem = pSubSrc->a[i];
      pItem->fg.jointype |= ltorj;
      iNewParent = pSubSrc->a[i].iCursor;
      memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
    }
    pSrc->a[iFrom].fg.jointype &= JT_LTORJ;
    pSrc->a[iFrom].fg.jointype |= jointype | ltorj;

    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for
    ** references to the iParent in the outer query.

      assert( pParent->pOrderBy==0 );
      pParent->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
      pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
    }
    pWhere = pSub->pWhere;
    pSub->pWhere = 0;
    if( isOuterJoin>0 ){
      assert( pSubSrc->nSrc==1 );
      sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pWhere, iNewParent, EP_OuterON);
    }
    if( pWhere ){
      if( pParent->pWhere ){
        pParent->pWhere = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
      }else{
        pParent->pWhere = pWhere;

          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pF->iOBTab, iBaseCol+j, regSubtype);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SetSubtype, regSubtype, regAgg+j);
        }
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regSubtype);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i));
      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u16)nArg);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pF->iOBTab, iTop+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iTop);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AggFinal, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i),
                      pList ? pList->nExpr : 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);

        }
        if( regHit==0 && pAggInfo->nAccumulator ) regHit = ++pParse->nMem;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, regHit, 0, 0,
                         (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i));
      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u16)nArg);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
    }
    if( addrNext ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrNext);
    }
    if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  }

        TREETRACE(0x4000,pParse,p,
            ("After WHERE-clause push-down into subquery %d:\n", pSub->selId));
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      }
#endif
      assert( pSubq->pSelect && (pSub->selFlags & SF_PushDown)!=0 );
    }else{
      TREETRACE(0x4000,pParse,p,("WHERE-clause push-down not possible\n"));
      TREETRACE(0x4000,pParse,p,("WHERE-lcause push-down not possible\n"));
    }

    /* Convert unused result columns of the subquery into simple NULL
    ** expressions, to avoid unneeded searching and computation.
    ** tag-select-0440
    */
    if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_NullUnusedCols)

        (v, "Call: %s.%s", (p->zName?p->zName:"fkey"), onErrorText(orconf)));

    /* Set the P5 operand of the OP_Program instruction to non-zero if
    ** recursive invocation of this trigger program is disallowed. Recursive
    ** invocation is disallowed if (a) the sub-program is really a trigger,
    ** not a foreign key action, and (b) the flag to enable recursive triggers
    ** is clear.  */
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u16)bRecursive);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)bRecursive);
  }
}

/*
** This is called to code the required FOR EACH ROW triggers for an operation
** on table pTab. The operation to code triggers for (INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE)
** is given by the op parameter. The tr_tm parameter determines whether the

  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereExplainBloomFilter(
  const Parse *pParse,            /* Parse context */
  const WhereInfo *pWInfo,        /* WHERE clause */
  const WhereLevel *pLevel        /* Bloom filter on this level */
);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereAddExplainText(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  int addr,
  SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
);
#else
# define sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(u,v,w,x) 0
# define sqlite3WhereExplainBloomFilter(u,v,w) 0
# define  sqlite3WhereAddExplainText(u,v,w,x,y)
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(
  Vdbe *v,                        /* Vdbe to add scanstatus entry to */
  SrcList *pSrclist,              /* FROM clause pLvl reads data from */
  WhereLevel *pLvl,               /* Level to add scanstatus() entry for */
  int addrExplain                 /* Address of OP_Explain (or 0) */

  if( pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
    explainAppendTerm(pStr, pIndex, pLoop->u.btree.nTop, j, i, "<");
  }
  sqlite3_str_append(pStr, ")", 1);
}

/*
** This function sets the P4 value of an existing OP_Explain opcode to
** text describing the loop in pLevel. If the OP_Explain opcode already has
** This function is a no-op unless currently processing an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
** command, or if stmt_scanstatus_v2() stats are enabled, or if SQLITE_DEBUG
** was defined at compile-time. If it is not a no-op, a single OP_Explain
** opcode is added to the output to describe the table scan strategy in pLevel.
**
** If an OP_Explain opcode is added to the VM, its address is returned.
** a P4 value, it is freed before it is overwritten.
** Otherwise, if no OP_Explain is coded, zero is returned.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereAddExplainText(
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  int addr,                       /* Address of OP_Explain opcode */
  SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
){
  int ret = 0;
#if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  if( sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->explain==2 || IS_STMT_SCANSTATUS(pParse->db) )
#endif
  {
    VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(pParse->pVdbe, addr);

    SrcItem *pItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
    Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* VM being constructed */
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;     /* Database handle */
    int isSearch;                 /* True for a SEARCH. False for SCAN. */
    WhereLoop *pLoop;             /* The controlling WhereLoop object */
    u32 flags;                    /* Flags that describe this loop */
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN)
    char *zMsg;                   /* Text to add to EQP output */
#endif
    StrAccum str;                 /* EQP output string */
    char zBuf[100];               /* Initial space for EQP output string */

    if( db->mallocFailed ) return;

    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
    flags = pLoop->wsFlags;
    if( (flags&WHERE_MULTI_OR) || (wctrlFlags&WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE) ) return 0;

    isSearch = (flags&(WHERE_BTM_LIMIT|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT))!=0
            || ((flags&WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 && (pLoop->u.btree.nEq>0))
            || (wctrlFlags&(WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN|WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX));

    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&str, db, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
    str.printfFlags = SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL;

        if( isSearch ){
          zFmt = "PRIMARY KEY";
        }
      }else if( flags & WHERE_PARTIALIDX ){
        zFmt = "AUTOMATIC PARTIAL COVERING INDEX";
      }else if( flags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX ){
        zFmt = "AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX";
      }else if( flags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_EXPRIDX) ){
      }else if( flags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY ){
        zFmt = "COVERING INDEX %s";
      }else{
        zFmt = "INDEX %s";
      }
      if( zFmt ){
        sqlite3_str_append(&str, " USING ", 7);
        sqlite3_str_appendf(&str, zFmt, pIdx->zName);

    if( pLoop->nOut>=10 ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&str, " (~%llu rows)",
             sqlite3LogEstToInt(pLoop->nOut));
    }else{
      sqlite3_str_append(&str, " (~1 row)", 9);
    }
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN)
    zMsg = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&str);
    sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint("",zMsg);
#endif

    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Explain );
    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_DYNAMIC || pOp->p4.z==0 );
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->p4.z);
    pOp->p4type = P4_DYNAMIC;
    pOp->p4.z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&str);
  }
}


/*
** This function is a no-op unless currently processing an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
** command, or if stmt_scanstatus_v2() stats are enabled, or if SQLITE_DEBUG
** was defined at compile-time. If it is not a no-op, a single OP_Explain
** opcode is added to the output to describe the table scan strategy in pLevel.
**
** If an OP_Explain opcode is added to the VM, its address is returned.
** Otherwise, if no OP_Explain is coded, zero is returned.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
){
  int ret = 0;
#if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  if( sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->explain==2 || IS_STMT_SCANSTATUS(pParse->db) )
#endif
  {
    if( (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0
     && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0
    ){
      Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
      int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      ret = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(
          v, OP_Explain, addr, pParse->addrExplain, pLevel->pWLoop->rRun
      );
    ret = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v),
                            pParse->addrExplain, pLoop->rRun,
                            zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
      sqlite3WhereAddExplainText(pParse, addr, pTabList, pLevel, wctrlFlags);
    }
  }
  return ret;
}

/*
** Add a single OP_Explain opcode that describes a Bloom filter.
**

        sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(v, addrExplain, -1, pLvl->iTabCur);
      }
      if( wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED ){
        sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(v, addrExplain, -1, pLvl->iIdxCur);
      }
    }else{
      int addr;
      VdbeOp *pOp;
      assert( pSrclist->a[pLvl->iFrom].fg.isSubquery );
      addr = pSrclist->a[pLvl->iFrom].u4.pSubq->addrFillSub;
      pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, addr-1);
      VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, addr-1);
      assert( sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed || pOp->opcode==OP_InitCoroutine );
      assert( sqlite3VdbeDb(v)->mallocFailed || pOp->p2>addr );
      sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(v, addrExplain, addr, pOp->p2-1);
    }
  }
}
#endif

      }
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrigRhs);
      if( pOrigLhs ){
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrigLhs);
        pNew->pLeft->x.pList = pLhs;
      }
      pSelect->pEList = pRhs;
      pSelect->selId = ++pParse->nSelect; /* Req'd for SubrtnSig validity */
      if( pLhs && pLhs->nExpr==1 ){
        /* Take care here not to generate a TK_VECTOR containing only a
        ** single value. Since the parser never creates such a vector, some
        ** of the subroutines do not handle this case.  */
        Expr *p = pLhs->a[0].pExpr;
        pLhs->a[0].pExpr = 0;
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pNew->pLeft);

  testcase( ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_InnerON) );
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_OuterON|EP_InnerON)
   || pTerm->pExpr->w.iJoin != pSrc->iCursor
  ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))!=0
   && NEVER(ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_InnerON))
   && ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_InnerON)
  ){
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX

  }
  assert( pBuilder->nRecValid==nRecValid );
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */


#if defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
/*
** Print the content of a WhereTerm object
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm){
  if( pTerm==0 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("TERM-%-3d NULL\n", iTerm);
  }else{

    if( pTerm->iParent>=0 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" iParent=%d", pTerm->iParent);
    }
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pTerm->pExpr, 0);
  }
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowWhereTerm(WhereTerm *pTerm){
  sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, 0);
}
#endif

#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
/*
** Show the complete content of a WhereClause
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereClausePrint(WhereClause *pWC){

/*
** Return TRUE if X is a proper subset of Y but is of equal or less cost.
** In other words, return true if all constraints of X are also part of Y
** and Y has additional constraints that might speed the search that X lacks
** but the cost of running X is not more than the cost of running Y.
**
** In other words, return true if the cost relationship between X and Y
** In other words, return true if the cost relationwship between X and Y
** is inverted and needs to be adjusted.
**
** Case 1:
**
**   (1a)  X and Y use the same index.
**   (1b)  X has fewer == terms than Y
**   (1c)  Neither X nor Y use skip-scan

  if( jointype & JT_LTORJ ) return 0;
  pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;
  while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
    if( !whereUsablePartialIndex(iTab,jointype,pWC,pWhere->pLeft) ) return 0;
    pWhere = pWhere->pRight;
  }
  if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG ) pParse = 0;
  for(i=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
    Expr *pExpr;
    pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
    if( (!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON) || pExpr->w.iJoin==iTab)
     && ((jointype & JT_OUTER)==0 || ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON))
     && sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pExpr, pWhere, iTab)
     && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0

         || pTerm->pExpr->w.iJoin!=pItem->iCursor
        ){
          break;
        }
      }
      if( hasRightJoin
       && ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_InnerON)
       && NEVER(pTerm->pExpr->w.iJoin==pItem->iCursor)
       && pTerm->pExpr->w.iJoin==pItem->iCursor
      ){
        break;  /* restriction (5) */
      }
    }
    if( pTerm<pEnd ) continue;
    WHERETRACE(0xffffffff,("-> omit unused FROM-clause term %c\n",pLoop->cId));
    m1 = MASKBIT(i)-1;

  static void sqlite3WhereOpcodeRewriteTrace(
    sqlite3 *db,
    int pc,
    VdbeOp *pOp
  ){
    if( (db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace)==0 ) return;
    sqlite3VdbePrintOp(0, pc, pOp);
    sqlite3ShowWhereTerm(0); /* So compiler won't complain about unused func */
  }
#endif

/*
** Generate the end of the WHERE loop.  See comments on
** sqlite3WhereBegin() for additional information.
*/

            x = sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(pTab,x);
          }
          x = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIdx, x);
          if( x>=0 ){
            pOp->p2 = x;
            pOp->p1 = pLevel->iIdxCur;
            OpcodeRewriteTrace(db, k, pOp);
          }else if( pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_EXPRIDX) ){
          }else{
            /* Unable to translate the table reference into an index
            ** reference.  Verify that this is harmless - that the
            ** table being referenced really is open.
            */
            if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY ){
              /* An error. pLoop is supposed to be a covering index loop,
              ** and yet the VM code refers to a column of the table that
              ** is not part of the index.  */
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "internal query planner error");
              pParse->rc = SQLITE_INTERNAL;
            }else{
              /* The WHERE_EXPRIDX flag is set by the planner when it is likely
              ** that pLoop is a covering index loop, but it is not possible
              ** to be 100% sure. In this case, any OP_Explain opcode
              ** corresponding to this loop describes the index as a "COVERING
              ** INDEX". But, pOp proves that pLoop is not actually a covering
              ** index loop. So clear the WHERE_EXPRIDX flag and rewrite the
              ** text that accompanies the OP_Explain opcode, if any.  */
              pLoop->wsFlags &= ~WHERE_EXPRIDX;
              sqlite3WhereAddExplainText(pParse,
                  pLevel->addrBody-1,
                  pTabList,
                  pLevel,
                  pWInfo->wctrlFlags
              );
            }
          }
        }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_Rowid ){
          pOp->p1 = pLevel->iIdxCur;
          pOp->opcode = OP_IdxRowid;
          OpcodeRewriteTrace(db, k, pOp);
        }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNullRow ){

  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  Window *pWin;
  for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
    FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pWFunc;
    int regArg;
    int nArg = pWin->bExprArgs ? 0 : windowArgCount(pWin);
    int i;
    int addrIf = 0;

    assert( bInverse==0 || pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED );

    /* All OVER clauses in the same window function aggregate step must
    ** be the same. */
    assert( pWin==pMWin || sqlite3WindowCompare(pParse,pWin,pMWin,0)!=1 );

    for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
      if( i!=1 || pFunc->zName!=nth_valueName ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol+i, reg+i);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pMWin->iEphCsr, pWin->iArgCol+i, reg+i);
      }
    }
    regArg = reg;

    if( pWin->pFilter ){
      int regTmp;
      assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
      assert( pWin->bExprArgs || !nArg ||nArg==pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr );
      assert( pWin->bExprArgs || nArg  ||pWin->pOwner->x.pList==0 );
      regTmp = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol+nArg,regTmp);
      addrIf = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNot, regTmp, 0, 1);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTmp);
    }

    if( pMWin->regStartRowid==0
     && (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)
     && (pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED)
    ){
      int addrIsNull = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, regArg);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      if( bInverse==0 ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, pWin->regApp+1, 1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regArg, pWin->regApp);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, pWin->regApp, 2, pWin->regApp+2);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pWin->csrApp, pWin->regApp+2);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_SeekGE, pWin->csrApp, 0, regArg, 1);
        VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, pWin->csrApp);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-2);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIsNull);
    }else if( pWin->regApp ){
      assert( pWin->pFilter==0 );
      assert( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName
           || pFunc->zName==first_valueName
      );
      assert( bInverse==0 || bInverse==1 );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, pWin->regApp+1-bInverse, 1);
    }else if( pFunc->xSFunc!=noopStepFunc ){
      int addrIf = 0;
      if( pWin->pFilter ){
        int regTmp;
        assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
        assert( pWin->bExprArgs || !nArg ||nArg==pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr );
        assert( pWin->bExprArgs || nArg  ||pWin->pOwner->x.pList==0 );
        regTmp = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol+nArg,regTmp);
        addrIf = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNot, regTmp, 0, 1);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTmp);
      }

      if( pWin->bExprArgs ){
        int iOp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
        int iEnd;

        assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
        nArg = pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr;
        regArg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);

        assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
        pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pWin->pOwner->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0,0,0, (const char*)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, bInverse? OP_AggInverse : OP_AggStep,
                        bInverse, regArg, pWin->regAccum);
      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u16)nArg);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
      if( pWin->bExprArgs ){
        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regArg, nArg);
      }
    }

    if( addrIf ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIf);
      if( addrIf ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIf);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Values that may be passed as the second argument to windowCodeOp().
*/
#define WINDOW_RETURN_ROW 1

**
** Then the "b" IdList records the list "a,b,c".
*/
struct TrigEvent { int a; IdList * b; };

struct FrameBound     { int eType; Expr *pExpr; };

/*
** Generate a syntax error
*/
static void parserSyntaxError(Parse *pParse, Token *p){
  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", p);
}

/*
** Disable lookaside memory allocation for objects that might be
** shared across database connections.
*/
static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  pParse->disableLookaside++;

{
  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy203, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144);
}
        break;
      case 84: /* cmd ::= select */
{
  SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
  if( (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_EncodingFixed)!=0
   || sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse)==SQLITE_OK
  ){
    sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy555, &dest);
  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy555, &dest);
  }
  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy555);
}
        break;
      case 85: /* select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
{yymsp[-2].minor.yy555 = attachWithToSelect(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy555,yymsp[-1].minor.yy59);}
        break;
      case 86: /* select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */

  }else{
    /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
    ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
    ** in the virtual machine.  #N is the N-th register. */
    Token t = yymsp[0].minor.yy0; /*A-overwrites-X*/
    assert( t.n>=2 );
    if( pParse->nested==0 ){
      parserSyntaxError(pParse, &t);
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &t);
      yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = 0;
    }else{
      yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy454 ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy454->iTable);
    }
  }
}

  sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH
  sqlite3ParserCTX_FETCH
#define TOKEN yyminor
/************ Begin %syntax_error code ****************************************/

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(yymajor);  /* Silence some compiler warnings */
  if( TOKEN.z[0] ){
    parserSyntaxError(pParse, &TOKEN);
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
  }else{
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "incomplete input");
  }
/************ End %syntax_error code ******************************************/
  sqlite3ParserARG_STORE /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument variable */
  sqlite3ParserCTX_STORE
}

  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  }
  if( pParse->zErrMsg || (pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK && pParse->rc!=SQLITE_DONE) ){
    if( pParse->zErrMsg==0 ){
      pParse->zErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(pParse->rc));
    }
    if( (pParse->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG)==0 ){
      sqlite3_log(pParse->rc, "%s in \"%s\"", pParse->zErrMsg, pParse->zTail);
    sqlite3_log(pParse->rc, "%s in \"%s\"", pParse->zErrMsg, pParse->zTail);
    }
    nErr++;
  }
  pParse->zTail = zSql;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  sqlite3_free(pParse->apVtabLock);
#endif

  }
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
#endif

  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK); /* Deallocates any cached error strings. */
  sqlite3ValueFree(db->pErr);
  sqlite3CloseExtensions(db);
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthUser);
  sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthPW);
#endif

  db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_ERROR;

  /* The temp-database schema is allocated differently from the other schema
  ** objects (using sqliteMalloc() directly, instead of sqlite3BtreeSchema()).
  ** So it needs to be freed here. Todo: Why not roll the temp schema into
  ** the same sqliteMalloc() as the one that allocates the database

#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT<2
# error SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT must be at least 2
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP<40
# error SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP must be at least 40
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG<0 || SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG>32767
# error SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG must be between 0 and 32767
#if SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG<0 || SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG>127
# error SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG must be between 0 and 127
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED<0 || SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>125
# error SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED must be between 0 and 125
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH<1
# error SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH must be at least 1
#endif

  if( limitId<0 || limitId>=SQLITE_N_LIMIT ){
    return -1;
  }
  oldLimit = db->aLimit[limitId];
  if( newLimit>=0 ){                   /* IMP: R-52476-28732 */
    if( newLimit>aHardLimit[limitId] ){
      newLimit = aHardLimit[limitId];  /* IMP: R-51463-25634 */
    }else if( newLimit<SQLITE_MIN_LENGTH && limitId==SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH ){
      newLimit = SQLITE_MIN_LENGTH;
    }else if( newLimit<1 && limitId==SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH ){
      newLimit = 1;
    }
    db->aLimit[limitId] = newLimit;
  }
  return oldLimit;                     /* IMP: R-53341-35419 */
}

/*

      volatile int x = 0;
      assert( /*side-effects-ok*/ (x = va_arg(ap,int))!=0 );
      rc = x;
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
      /* Invoke these debugging routines so that the compiler does not
      ** issue "defined but not used" warnings. */
      if( x==9999 ){
        sqlite3ShowExpr(0);
        sqlite3ShowExpr(0);
        sqlite3ShowExprList(0);
        sqlite3ShowIdList(0);
        sqlite3ShowSrcList(0);
        sqlite3ShowWith(0);
        sqlite3ShowUpsert(0);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER

  /* Never set both isSaveLeft and isExact for the same invocation. */
  assert( isSaveLeft==0 || isExact==0 );

  assert_fts3_nc( p!=0 && *p1!=0 && *p2!=0 );
  if( *p1==POS_COLUMN ){
    p1++;
    p1 += fts3GetVarint32(p1, &iCol1);
    /* iCol1==0 indicates corruption. Column 0 does not have a POS_COLUMN
    ** entry, so this is actually end-of-doclist. */
    if( iCol1==0 ) return 0;
  }
  if( *p2==POS_COLUMN ){
    p2++;
    p2 += fts3GetVarint32(p2, &iCol2);
    /* As above, iCol2==0 indicates corruption. */
    if( iCol2==0 ) return 0;
  }

  while( 1 ){
    if( iCol1==iCol2 ){
      char *pSave = p;
      sqlite3_int64 iPrev = 0;
      sqlite3_int64 iPos1 = 0;

    /* Allocate temporary working space. */
    for(p=pExpr; p->pLeft; p=p->pLeft){
      assert( p->pRight->pPhrase->doclist.nList>0 );
      nTmp += p->pRight->pPhrase->doclist.nList;
    }
    nTmp += p->pPhrase->doclist.nList;
    aTmp = sqlite3_malloc64(nTmp*2 + FTS3_VARINT_MAX);
    aTmp = sqlite3_malloc64(nTmp*2);
    if( !aTmp ){
      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      res = 0;
    }else{
      char *aPoslist = p->pPhrase->doclist.pList;
      int nToken = p->pPhrase->nToken;

*/
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Corrupt(){
  return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
}
#endif

#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE)
#if !SQLITE_CORE
/*
** Initialize API pointer table, if required.
*/
#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fts3_init(

      const char *zByte;
      int nByte = 0, iBegin = 0, iEnd = 0, iPos = 0;
      rc = pModule->xNext(pCursor, &zByte, &nByte, &iBegin, &iEnd, &iPos);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        Fts3PhraseToken *pToken;

        p = fts3ReallocOrFree(p, nSpace + ii*sizeof(Fts3PhraseToken));
        if( !p ) goto no_mem;

        zTemp = fts3ReallocOrFree(zTemp, nTemp + nByte);
        if( !zTemp || !p ){
        if( !zTemp ) goto no_mem;
          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
          goto getnextstring_out;
        }

        assert( nToken==ii );
        pToken = &((Fts3Phrase *)(&p[1]))->aToken[ii];
        memset(pToken, 0, sizeof(Fts3PhraseToken));

        memcpy(&zTemp[nTemp], zByte, nByte);
        nTemp += nByte;

        pToken->n = nByte;
        pToken->isPrefix = (iEnd<nInput && zInput[iEnd]=='*');
        pToken->bFirst = (iBegin>0 && zInput[iBegin-1]=='^');
        nToken = ii+1;
      }
    }

    pModule->xClose(pCursor);
    pCursor = 0;
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
    int jj;
    char *zBuf = 0;

    p = fts3ReallocOrFree(p, nSpace + nToken*sizeof(Fts3PhraseToken) + nTemp);
    if( !p ){
    if( !p ) goto no_mem;
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      goto getnextstring_out;
    }
    memset(p, 0, (char *)&(((Fts3Phrase *)&p[1])->aToken[0])-(char *)p);
    p->eType = FTSQUERY_PHRASE;
    p->pPhrase = (Fts3Phrase *)&p[1];
    p->pPhrase->iColumn = pParse->iDefaultCol;
    p->pPhrase->nToken = nToken;

    zBuf = (char *)&p->pPhrase->aToken[nToken];
    assert( nTemp==0 || zTemp );
    if( zTemp ){
      memcpy(zBuf, zTemp, nTemp);
      sqlite3_free(zTemp);
    }else{
      assert( nTemp==0 );
    }

    for(jj=0; jj<p->pPhrase->nToken; jj++){
      p->pPhrase->aToken[jj].z = zBuf;
      zBuf += p->pPhrase->aToken[jj].n;
    }
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }

  *ppExpr = p;
  return rc;
no_mem:
 getnextstring_out:

  if( pCursor ){
    pModule->xClose(pCursor);
  }
  sqlite3_free(zTemp);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_free(p);
  sqlite3_free(p);
    p = 0;
  }
  *ppExpr = p;
  return rc;
  *ppExpr = 0;
  return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}

/*
** The output variable *ppExpr is populated with an allocated Fts3Expr
** structure, or set to 0 if the end of the input buffer is reached.
**
** Returns an SQLite error code. SQLITE_OK if everything works, SQLITE_NOMEM

#else
      sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, " %d", cell.aCoord[jj].i);
#endif
    }
    sqlite3_str_append(pOut, "}", 1);
  }
  errCode = sqlite3_str_errcode(pOut);
  sqlite3_result_error_code(ctx, errCode);
  sqlite3_result_text(ctx, sqlite3_str_finish(pOut), -1, sqlite3_free);
  sqlite3_result_error_code(ctx, errCode);
}

/* This routine implements an SQL function that returns the "depth" parameter
** from the front of a blob that is an r-tree node.  For example:
**
**     SELECT rtreedepth(data) FROM rt_node WHERE nodeno=1;
**

  pGeomCtx->xDestructor = xDestructor;
  pGeomCtx->pContext = pContext;
  return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zQueryFunc, -1, SQLITE_ANY,
      (void *)pGeomCtx, geomCallback, 0, 0, rtreeFreeCallback
  );
}

#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
#if !SQLITE_CORE
#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_init(
  sqlite3 *db,
  char **pzErrMsg,
  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi

        p->xFunc, 0, 0
    );
  }

  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
#if !SQLITE_CORE
#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_icu_init(
  sqlite3 *db,
  char **pzErrMsg,
  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    const void *pData = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[3]);
    if( (rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDbPage))==SQLITE_OK && pData ){
      unsigned char *aPage = sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage);
      memcpy(aPage, pData, szPage);
      pTab->pgnoTrunc = 0;
    }
  }else{
    pTab->pgnoTrunc = 0;
  }
  sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
  return rc;

update_fail:
  sqlite3_free(pVtab->zErrMsg);
  pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zErr);

/* Invoke sqlite3PagerTruncate() as necessary, just prior to COMMIT
*/
static int dbpageSync(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pVtab;
  if( pTab->pgnoTrunc>0 ){
    Btree *pBt = pTab->db->aDb[pTab->iDbTrunc].pBt;
    Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
    sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
    if( pTab->pgnoTrunc<sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pBt) ){
      sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pPager, pTab->pgnoTrunc);
    sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pPager, pTab->pgnoTrunc);
    }
    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
  }
  pTab->pgnoTrunc = 0;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Cancel any pending truncate.
*/

}

#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION && SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */

/************** End of sqlite3session.c **************************************/
/************** Begin file fts5.c ********************************************/

/*

** This, the "fts5.c" source file, is a composite file that is itself
** assembled from the following files:
**
**    fts5.h
**    fts5Int.h
**    fts5parse.h          <--- Generated from fts5parse.y by Lemon
**    fts5parse.c          <--- Generated from fts5parse.y by Lemon
**    fts5_aux.c
**    fts5_buffer.c
**    fts5_config.c
**    fts5_expr.c
**    fts5_hash.c
**    fts5_index.c
**    fts5_main.c
**    fts5_storage.c
**    fts5_tokenize.c
**    fts5_unicode2.c
**    fts5_varint.c
**    fts5_vocab.c
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5)

#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
# define NDEBUG 1
#endif
#if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
# undef NDEBUG
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
/* #include <stdint.h> */
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
/* #include <inttypes.h> */
#endif
/*
** 2014 May 31
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.

**
** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
**   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
**   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
**   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
**   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
**   bytes. This API is not available if the specified token matches a
**   prefix query term. In that case both output variables are always set
**   bytes.
**   to 0.
**
**   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
**   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
**   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
**
**   This API may be slow in some cases if the token identified by parameters
**   iIdx and iToken matched a prefix token in the query. In most cases, the
**   first call to this API for each prefix token in the query is forced
**   to scan the portion of the full-text index that matches the prefix
**   token to collect the extra data required by this API. If the prefix
**   token matches a large number of token instances in the document set,
**   this may be a performance problem.
**
**   If the user knows in advance that a query may use this API for a
**   prefix token, FTS5 may be configured to collect all required data as part
**   of the initial querying of the full-text index, avoiding the second scan
**   entirely. This also causes prefix queries that do not use this API to
**   run more slowly and use more memory. FTS5 may be configured in this way
**   either on a per-table basis using the [FTS5 insttoken | 'insttoken']
**   option, or on a per-query basis using the
**   [fts5_insttoken | fts5_insttoken()] user function.
**
**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
**
** xColumnLocale(pFts5, iIdx, pzLocale, pnLocale)
**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
**   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
**

  int nAutomerge;                 /* 'automerge' setting */
  int nCrisisMerge;               /* Maximum allowed segments per level */
  int nUsermerge;                 /* 'usermerge' setting */
  int nHashSize;                  /* Bytes of memory for in-memory hash */
  char *zRank;                    /* Name of rank function */
  char *zRankArgs;                /* Arguments to rank function */
  int bSecureDelete;              /* 'secure-delete' */
  int nDeleteMerge;               /* 'deletemerge' */
  int nDeleteMerge;           /* 'deletemerge' */
  int bPrefixInsttoken;           /* 'prefix-insttoken' */

  /* If non-NULL, points to sqlite3_vtab.base.zErrmsg. Often NULL. */
  char **pzErrmsg;

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  int bPrefixIndex;               /* True to use prefix-indexes */
#endif

static void *sqlite3Fts5StructureRef(Fts5Index*);
static void sqlite3Fts5StructureRelease(void*);
static int sqlite3Fts5StructureTest(Fts5Index*, void*);

/*
** Used by xInstToken():
*/
static int sqlite3Fts5IterToken(
static int sqlite3Fts5IterToken(Fts5IndexIter*, i64, int, int, const char**, int*);
  Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter,
  const char *pToken, int nToken,
  i64 iRowid,
  int iCol,
  int iOff,
  const char **ppOut, int *pnOut
);

/*
** Insert or remove data to or from the index. Each time a document is
** added to or removed from the index, this function is called one or more
** times.
**
** For an insert, it must be called once for each token in the new document.

      bVal = sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
    }
    if( bVal<0 ){
      *pbBadkey = 1;
    }else{
      pConfig->bSecureDelete = (bVal ? 1 : 0);
    }
  }

  else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zKey, "insttoken") ){
    int bVal = -1;
    if( SQLITE_INTEGER==sqlite3_value_numeric_type(pVal) ){
      bVal = sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
    }
    if( bVal<0 ){
      *pbBadkey = 1;
    }else{
      pConfig->bPrefixInsttoken = (bVal ? 1 : 0);
    }

  }else{
    *pbBadkey = 1;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*

    for(pT=&pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->aTerm[0]; pT; pT=pT->pSynonym){
      if( (pT->nQueryTerm==nQuery || (pT->nQueryTerm<nQuery && pT->bPrefix))
       && memcmp(pT->pTerm, pToken, pT->nQueryTerm)==0
      ){
        int rc = sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(
            &pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->poslist, &p->aPopulator[i].writer, p->iOff
        );
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (pExpr->pConfig->bTokendata || pT->bPrefix) ){
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pExpr->pConfig->bTokendata && !pT->bPrefix ){
          int iCol = p->iOff>>32;
          int iTokOff = p->iOff & 0x7FFFFFFF;
          rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexIterWriteTokendata(
              pT->pIter, pToken, nToken, iRowid, iCol, iTokOff
          );
        }
        if( rc ) return rc;

    return SQLITE_RANGE;
  }
  pPhrase = pExpr->apExprPhrase[iPhrase];
  if( iToken<0 || iToken>=pPhrase->nTerm ){
    return SQLITE_RANGE;
  }
  pTerm = &pPhrase->aTerm[iToken];
  if( pTerm->bPrefix==0 ){
  if( pExpr->pConfig->bTokendata || pTerm->bPrefix ){
    rc = sqlite3Fts5IterToken(
    if( pExpr->pConfig->bTokendata ){
      rc = sqlite3Fts5IterToken(
        pTerm->pIter, pTerm->pTerm, pTerm->nQueryTerm,
        iRowid, iCol, iOff+iToken, ppOut, pnOut
    );
  }else{
    *ppOut = pTerm->pTerm;
    *pnOut = pTerm->nFullTerm;
          pTerm->pIter, iRowid, iCol, iOff+iToken, ppOut, pnOut
      );
    }else{
      *ppOut = pTerm->pTerm;
      *pnOut = pTerm->nFullTerm;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Clear the token mappings for all Fts5IndexIter objects mannaged by
** the expression passed as the only argument.

  fts5BufferFree(p1);
  fts5BufferFree(&tmp);
  memset(&out.p[out.n], 0, FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
  *p1 = out;
}


/*
** Iterate through a range of entries in the FTS index, invoking the xVisit
** callback for each of them.
**
** Parameter pToken points to an nToken buffer containing an FTS index term
** (i.e. a document term with the preceding 1 byte index identifier -
** FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX or similar). If bPrefix is true, then the call visits
** all entries for terms that have pToken/nToken as a prefix. If bPrefix
** is false, then only entries with pToken/nToken as the entire key are
** visited.
**
** If the current table is a tokendata=1 table, then if bPrefix is true then
** each index term is treated separately. However, if bPrefix is false, then
** all index terms corresponding to pToken/nToken are collapsed into a single
** term before the callback is invoked.
**
** The callback invoked for each entry visited is specified by paramter xVisit.
** Each time it is invoked, it is passed a pointer to the Fts5Index object,
** a copy of the 7th paramter to this function (pCtx) and a pointer to the
** iterator that indicates the current entry. If the current entry is the
** first with a new term (i.e. different from that of the previous entry,
** including the very first term), then the final two parameters are passed
** a pointer to the term and its size in bytes, respectively. If the current
** entry is not the first associated with its term, these two parameters
** are passed 0.
**
** If parameter pColset is not NULL, then it is used to filter entries before
** the callback is invoked.
*/
static int fts5VisitEntries(
  Fts5Index *p,                   /* Fts5 index object */
  Fts5Colset *pColset,            /* Columns filter to apply, or NULL */
  u8 *pToken,                     /* Buffer containing token */
  int nToken,                     /* Size of buffer pToken in bytes */
  int bPrefix,                    /* True for a prefix scan */
  void (*xVisit)(Fts5Index*, void *pCtx, Fts5Iter *pIter, const u8*, int),
  void *pCtx                      /* Passed as second argument to xVisit() */
){
  const int flags = (bPrefix ? FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN : 0)
                  | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY
                  | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT;
  Fts5Iter *p1 = 0;     /* Iterator used to gather data from index */
  int bNewTerm = 1;
  Fts5Structure *pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);

  fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, flags, pColset, pToken, nToken, -1, 0, &p1);
  fts5IterSetOutputCb(&p->rc, p1);
  for( /* no-op */ ;
      fts5MultiIterEof(p, p1)==0;
      fts5MultiIterNext2(p, p1, &bNewTerm)
  ){
    Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &p1->aSeg[ p1->aFirst[1].iFirst ];
    int nNew = 0;
    const u8 *pNew = 0;

    p1->xSetOutputs(p1, pSeg);
    if( p->rc ) break;

    if( bNewTerm ){
      nNew = pSeg->term.n;
      pNew = pSeg->term.p;
      if( nNew<nToken || memcmp(pToken, pNew, nToken) ) break;
    }

    xVisit(p, pCtx, p1, pNew, nNew);
  }
  fts5MultiIterFree(p1);

  fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
  return p->rc;
}


/*
** Usually, a tokendata=1 iterator (struct Fts5TokenDataIter) accumulates an
** array of these for each row it visits (so all iRowid fields are the same).
** Or, for an iterator used by an "ORDER BY rank" query, it accumulates an
** array of these for the entire query (in which case iRowid fields may take
** a variety of values).
**
** Each instance in the array indicates the iterator (and therefore term)
** associated with position iPos of rowid iRowid. This is used by the
** xInstToken() API.
**
** iRowid:
**   Rowid for the current entry.
**
** iPos:
**   Position of current entry within row. In the usual ((iCol<<32)+iOff)
**   format (e.g. see macros FTS5_POS2COLUMN() and FTS5_POS2OFFSET()).
**
** iIter:
**   If the Fts5TokenDataIter iterator that the entry is part of is
**   actually an iterator (i.e. with nIter>0, not just a container for
**   Fts5TokenDataMap structures), then this variable is an index into
**   the apIter[] array. The corresponding term is that which the iterator
**   at apIter[iIter] currently points to.
**
**   Or, if the Fts5TokenDataIter iterator is just a container object
**   (nIter==0), then iIter is an index into the term.p[] buffer where
**   the term is stored.
**
** nByte:
**   In the case where iIter is an index into term.p[], this variable
**   is the size of the term in bytes. If iIter is an index into apIter[],
**   this variable is unused.
*/
struct Fts5TokenDataMap {
  i64 iRowid;                     /* Row this token is located in */
  i64 iPos;                       /* Position of token */
  int iIter;                      /* Iterator token was read from */
  int nByte;                      /* Length of token in bytes (or 0) */
};

/*
** An object used to supplement Fts5Iter for tokendata=1 iterators.
**
** This object serves two purposes. The first is as a container for an array
** of Fts5TokenDataMap structures, which are used to find the token required
** when the xInstToken() API is used. This is done by the nMapAlloc, nMap and
** aMap[] variables.
*/
struct Fts5TokenDataIter {
  int nMapAlloc;                  /* Allocated size of aMap[] in entries */
  int nMap;                       /* Number of valid entries in aMap[] */
  Fts5TokenDataMap *aMap;         /* Array of (rowid+pos -> token) mappings */

  /* The following are used for prefix-queries only. */
  Fts5Buffer terms;

  /* The following are used for other full-token tokendata queries only. */
  int nIter;
  int nIterAlloc;
  Fts5PoslistReader *aPoslistReader;
  int *aPoslistToIter;
  Fts5Iter *apIter[1];
};

/*
** The two input arrays - a1[] and a2[] - are in sorted order. This function
** merges the two arrays together and writes the result to output array
** aOut[]. aOut[] is guaranteed to be large enough to hold the result.
**
** Duplicate entries are copied into the output. So the size of the output
** array is always (n1+n2) entries.
*/
static void fts5TokendataMerge(
  Fts5TokenDataMap *a1, int n1,   /* Input array 1 */
  Fts5TokenDataMap *a2, int n2,   /* Input array 2 */
  Fts5TokenDataMap *aOut          /* Output array */
){
  int i1 = 0;
  int i2 = 0;

  assert( n1>=0 && n2>=0 );
  while( i1<n1 || i2<n2 ){
    Fts5TokenDataMap *pOut = &aOut[i1+i2];
    if( i2>=n2 || (i1<n1 && (
        a1[i1].iRowid<a2[i2].iRowid
     || (a1[i1].iRowid==a2[i2].iRowid && a1[i1].iPos<=a2[i2].iPos)
    ))){
      memcpy(pOut, &a1[i1], sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap));
      i1++;
    }else{
      memcpy(pOut, &a2[i2], sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap));
      i2++;
    }
  }
}


/*
** Append a mapping to the token-map belonging to object pT.
*/
static void fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(
  Fts5Index *p,
  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT,
  int iIter,
  int nByte,
  i64 iRowid,
  i64 iPos
){
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( pT->nMap==pT->nMapAlloc ){
      int nNew = pT->nMapAlloc ? pT->nMapAlloc*2 : 64;
      int nAlloc = nNew * sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap);
      Fts5TokenDataMap *aNew;

      aNew = (Fts5TokenDataMap*)sqlite3_realloc(pT->aMap, nAlloc);
      if( aNew==0 ){
        p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
        return;
      }

      pT->aMap = aNew;
      pT->nMapAlloc = nNew;
    }

    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iRowid = iRowid;
    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iPos = iPos;
    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iIter = iIter;
    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].nByte = nByte;
    pT->nMap++;
  }
}

/*
** Sort the contents of the pT->aMap[] array.
**
** The sorting algorithm requries a malloc(). If this fails, an error code
** is left in Fts5Index.rc before returning.
*/
static void fts5TokendataIterSortMap(Fts5Index *p, Fts5TokenDataIter *pT){
  Fts5TokenDataMap *aTmp = 0;
  int nByte = pT->nMap * sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap);

  aTmp = (Fts5TokenDataMap*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&p->rc, nByte);
  if( aTmp ){
    Fts5TokenDataMap *a1 = pT->aMap;
    Fts5TokenDataMap *a2 = aTmp;
    i64 nHalf;

    for(nHalf=1; nHalf<pT->nMap; nHalf=nHalf*2){
      int i1;
      for(i1=0; i1<pT->nMap; i1+=(nHalf*2)){
        int n1 = MIN(nHalf, pT->nMap-i1);
        int n2 = MIN(nHalf, pT->nMap-i1-n1);
        fts5TokendataMerge(&a1[i1], n1, &a1[i1+n1], n2, &a2[i1]);
      }
      SWAPVAL(Fts5TokenDataMap*, a1, a2);
    }

    if( a1!=pT->aMap ){
      memcpy(pT->aMap, a1, pT->nMap*sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap));
    }
    sqlite3_free(aTmp);

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    {
      int ii;
      for(ii=1; ii<pT->nMap; ii++){
        Fts5TokenDataMap *p1 = &pT->aMap[ii-1];
        Fts5TokenDataMap *p2 = &pT->aMap[ii];
        assert( p1->iRowid<p2->iRowid
             || (p1->iRowid==p2->iRowid && p1->iPos<=p2->iPos)
        );
      }
    }
#endif
  }
}

/*
** Delete an Fts5TokenDataIter structure and its contents.
*/
static void fts5TokendataIterDelete(Fts5TokenDataIter *pSet){
  if( pSet ){
    int ii;
    for(ii=0; ii<pSet->nIter; ii++){
      fts5MultiIterFree(pSet->apIter[ii]);
    }
    fts5BufferFree(&pSet->terms);
    sqlite3_free(pSet->aPoslistReader);
    sqlite3_free(pSet->aMap);
    sqlite3_free(pSet);
  }
}


/*
** fts5VisitEntries() context object used by fts5SetupPrefixIterTokendata()
** to pass data to prefixIterSetupTokendataCb().
*/
typedef struct TokendataSetupCtx TokendataSetupCtx;
struct TokendataSetupCtx {
  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT;          /* Object being populated with mappings */
  int iTermOff;                   /* Offset of current term in terms.p[] */
  int nTermByte;                  /* Size of current term in bytes */
};

/*
** fts5VisitEntries() callback used by fts5SetupPrefixIterTokendata(). This
** callback adds an entry to the Fts5TokenDataIter.aMap[] array for each
** position in the current position-list. It doesn't matter that some of
** these may be out of order - they will be sorted later.
*/
static void prefixIterSetupTokendataCb(
  Fts5Index *p,
  void *pCtx,
  Fts5Iter *p1,
  const u8 *pNew,
  int nNew
){
  TokendataSetupCtx *pSetup = (TokendataSetupCtx*)pCtx;
  int iPosOff = 0;
  i64 iPos = 0;

  if( pNew ){
    pSetup->nTermByte = nNew-1;
    pSetup->iTermOff = pSetup->pT->terms.n;
    fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &pSetup->pT->terms, nNew-1, pNew+1);
  }

  while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(
     p1->base.pData, p1->base.nData, &iPosOff, &iPos
  ) ){
    fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(p,
        pSetup->pT, pSetup->iTermOff, pSetup->nTermByte, p1->base.iRowid, iPos
    );
  }
}


/*
** Context object passed by fts5SetupPrefixIter() to fts5VisitEntries().
*/
typedef struct PrefixSetupCtx PrefixSetupCtx;
struct PrefixSetupCtx {
  void (*xMerge)(Fts5Index*, Fts5Buffer*, int, Fts5Buffer*);
  void (*xAppend)(Fts5Index*, u64, Fts5Iter*, Fts5Buffer*);
  i64 iLastRowid;
  int nMerge;
  Fts5Buffer *aBuf;
  int nBuf;
  Fts5Buffer doclist;
  TokendataSetupCtx *pTokendata;
};

/*
** fts5VisitEntries() callback used by fts5SetupPrefixIter()
*/
static void prefixIterSetupCb(
  Fts5Index *p,
  void *pCtx,
  Fts5Iter *p1,
  const u8 *pNew,
  int nNew
){
  PrefixSetupCtx *pSetup = (PrefixSetupCtx*)pCtx;
  const int nMerge = pSetup->nMerge;

  if( p1->base.nData>0 ){
    if( p1->base.iRowid<=pSetup->iLastRowid && pSetup->doclist.n>0 ){
      int i;
      for(i=0; p->rc==SQLITE_OK && pSetup->doclist.n; i++){
        int i1 = i*nMerge;
        int iStore;
        assert( i1+nMerge<=pSetup->nBuf );
        for(iStore=i1; iStore<i1+nMerge; iStore++){
          if( pSetup->aBuf[iStore].n==0 ){
            fts5BufferSwap(&pSetup->doclist, &pSetup->aBuf[iStore]);
            fts5BufferZero(&pSetup->doclist);
            break;
          }
        }
        if( iStore==i1+nMerge ){
          pSetup->xMerge(p, &pSetup->doclist, nMerge, &pSetup->aBuf[i1]);
          for(iStore=i1; iStore<i1+nMerge; iStore++){
            fts5BufferZero(&pSetup->aBuf[iStore]);
          }
        }
      }
      pSetup->iLastRowid = 0;
    }

    pSetup->xAppend(
        p, (u64)p1->base.iRowid-(u64)pSetup->iLastRowid, p1, &pSetup->doclist
    );
    pSetup->iLastRowid = p1->base.iRowid;
  }

  if( pSetup->pTokendata ){
    prefixIterSetupTokendataCb(p, (void*)pSetup->pTokendata, p1, pNew, nNew);
  }
}

static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
  Fts5Index *p,                   /* Index to read from */
  int bDesc,                      /* True for "ORDER BY rowid DESC" */
  int iIdx,                       /* Index to scan for data */
  u8 *pToken,                     /* Buffer containing prefix to match */
  int nToken,                     /* Size of buffer pToken in bytes */
  Fts5Colset *pColset,            /* Restrict matches to these columns */
  Fts5Iter **ppIter               /* OUT: New iterator */
){
  Fts5Structure *pStruct;
  PrefixSetupCtx s;
  TokendataSetupCtx s2;

  Fts5Buffer *aBuf;
  memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
  memset(&s2, 0, sizeof(s2));

  s.nMerge = 1;
  int nBuf = 32;
  int nMerge = 1;
  s.iLastRowid = 0;
  s.nBuf = 32;
  if( iIdx==0
   && p->pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL
   && p->pConfig->bPrefixInsttoken
  ){
    s.pTokendata = &s2;
    s2.pT = (Fts5TokenDataIter*)fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(*s2.pT));
  }


  void (*xMerge)(Fts5Index*, Fts5Buffer*, int, Fts5Buffer*);
  void (*xAppend)(Fts5Index*, u64, Fts5Iter*, Fts5Buffer*);
  if( p->pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
    s.xMerge = fts5MergeRowidLists;
    s.xAppend = fts5AppendRowid;
    xMerge = fts5MergeRowidLists;
    xAppend = fts5AppendRowid;
  }else{
    s.nMerge = FTS5_MERGE_NLIST-1;
    s.nBuf = s.nMerge*8;   /* Sufficient to merge (16^8)==(2^32) lists */
    s.xMerge = fts5MergePrefixLists;
    s.xAppend = fts5AppendPoslist;
    nMerge = FTS5_MERGE_NLIST-1;
    nBuf = nMerge*8;   /* Sufficient to merge (16^8)==(2^32) lists */
    xMerge = fts5MergePrefixLists;
    xAppend = fts5AppendPoslist;
  }

  s.aBuf = (Fts5Buffer*)fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Buffer)*s.nBuf);
  aBuf = (Fts5Buffer*)fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Buffer)*nBuf);
  pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
  assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || (s.aBuf && pStruct) );
  assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || (aBuf && pStruct) );

  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    void *pCtx = (void*)&s;
    const int flags = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN
                    | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY
                    | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT;
    int i;
    i64 iLastRowid = 0;
    Fts5Iter *p1 = 0;     /* Iterator used to gather data from index */
    Fts5Data *pData;
    Fts5Buffer doclist;
    int bNewTerm = 1;

    memset(&doclist, 0, sizeof(doclist));

    /* If iIdx is non-zero, then it is the number of a prefix-index for
    ** prefixes 1 character longer than the prefix being queried for. That
    ** index contains all the doclists required, except for the one
    ** corresponding to the prefix itself. That one is extracted from the
    ** main term index here.  */
    if( iIdx!=0 ){
      int dummy = 0;
      const int f2 = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY|FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT;
      pToken[0] = FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX;
      fts5VisitEntries(p, pColset, pToken, nToken, 0, prefixIterSetupCb, pCtx);
      fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, f2, pColset, pToken, nToken, -1, 0, &p1);
      fts5IterSetOutputCb(&p->rc, p1);
      for(;
        fts5MultiIterEof(p, p1)==0;
        fts5MultiIterNext2(p, p1, &dummy)
      ){
        Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &p1->aSeg[ p1->aFirst[1].iFirst ];
        p1->xSetOutputs(p1, pSeg);
        if( p1->base.nData ){
          xAppend(p, (u64)p1->base.iRowid-(u64)iLastRowid, p1, &doclist);
          iLastRowid = p1->base.iRowid;
        }
      }
      fts5MultiIterFree(p1);
    }

    pToken[0] = FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX + iIdx;
    fts5VisitEntries(p, pColset, pToken, nToken, 1, prefixIterSetupCb, pCtx);
    fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, flags, pColset, pToken, nToken, -1, 0, &p1);
    fts5IterSetOutputCb(&p->rc, p1);

    for( /* no-op */ ;
        fts5MultiIterEof(p, p1)==0;
        fts5MultiIterNext2(p, p1, &bNewTerm)
    ){
      Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &p1->aSeg[ p1->aFirst[1].iFirst ];
      int nTerm = pSeg->term.n;
      const u8 *pTerm = pSeg->term.p;
      p1->xSetOutputs(p1, pSeg);

      assert_nc( memcmp(pToken, pTerm, MIN(nToken, nTerm))<=0 );
      if( bNewTerm ){
        if( nTerm<nToken || memcmp(pToken, pTerm, nToken) ) break;
      }

      if( p1->base.nData==0 ) continue;
      if( p1->base.iRowid<=iLastRowid && doclist.n>0 ){
        for(i=0; p->rc==SQLITE_OK && doclist.n; i++){
          int i1 = i*nMerge;
          int iStore;
          assert( i1+nMerge<=nBuf );
          for(iStore=i1; iStore<i1+nMerge; iStore++){
            if( aBuf[iStore].n==0 ){
              fts5BufferSwap(&doclist, &aBuf[iStore]);
              fts5BufferZero(&doclist);
              break;
            }
          }
          if( iStore==i1+nMerge ){
            xMerge(p, &doclist, nMerge, &aBuf[i1]);
            for(iStore=i1; iStore<i1+nMerge; iStore++){
              fts5BufferZero(&aBuf[iStore]);
            }
          }
        }
        iLastRowid = 0;
      }

      xAppend(p, (u64)p1->base.iRowid-(u64)iLastRowid, p1, &doclist);
      iLastRowid = p1->base.iRowid;
    }

    assert( (s.nBuf%s.nMerge)==0 );
    for(i=0; i<s.nBuf; i+=s.nMerge){
    assert( (nBuf%nMerge)==0 );
    for(i=0; i<nBuf; i+=nMerge){
      int iFree;
      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        s.xMerge(p, &s.doclist, s.nMerge, &s.aBuf[i]);
        xMerge(p, &doclist, nMerge, &aBuf[i]);
      }
      for(iFree=i; iFree<i+s.nMerge; iFree++){
        fts5BufferFree(&s.aBuf[iFree]);
      for(iFree=i; iFree<i+nMerge; iFree++){
        fts5BufferFree(&aBuf[iFree]);
      }
    }
    fts5MultiIterFree(p1);

    pData = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(*pData)+s.doclist.n+FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
    pData = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(*pData)+doclist.n+FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
    assert( pData!=0 || p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
    if( pData ){
      pData->p = (u8*)&pData[1];
      pData->nn = pData->szLeaf = s.doclist.n;
      if( s.doclist.n ) memcpy(pData->p, s.doclist.p, s.doclist.n);
      pData->nn = pData->szLeaf = doclist.n;
      if( doclist.n ) memcpy(pData->p, doclist.p, doclist.n);
      fts5MultiIterNew2(p, pData, bDesc, ppIter);
    }

    fts5BufferFree(&doclist);
    assert( (*ppIter)!=0 || p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && s.pTokendata ){
      fts5TokendataIterSortMap(p, s2.pT);
      (*ppIter)->pTokenDataIter = s2.pT;
      s2.pT = 0;
    }
  }
  }


  fts5TokendataIterDelete(s2.pT);
  fts5BufferFree(&s.doclist);
  fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
  sqlite3_free(s.aBuf);
  sqlite3_free(aBuf);
}


/*
** Indicate that all subsequent calls to sqlite3Fts5IndexWrite() pertain
** to the document with rowid iRowid.
*/

** Ensure the segment-iterator passed as the only argument points to EOF.
*/
static void fts5SegIterSetEOF(Fts5SegIter *pSeg){
  fts5DataRelease(pSeg->pLeaf);
  pSeg->pLeaf = 0;
}

/*
** Usually, a tokendata=1 iterator (struct Fts5TokenDataIter) accumulates an
** array of these for each row it visits. Or, for an iterator used by an
** "ORDER BY rank" query, it accumulates an array of these for the entire
** query.
**
** Each instance in the array indicates the iterator (and therefore term)
** associated with position iPos of rowid iRowid. This is used by the
** xInstToken() API.
*/
struct Fts5TokenDataMap {
  i64 iRowid;                     /* Row this token is located in */
  i64 iPos;                       /* Position of token */
  int iIter;                      /* Iterator token was read from */
};

/*
** An object used to supplement Fts5Iter for tokendata=1 iterators.
*/
struct Fts5TokenDataIter {
  int nIter;
  int nIterAlloc;

  int nMap;
  int nMapAlloc;
  Fts5TokenDataMap *aMap;

  Fts5PoslistReader *aPoslistReader;
  int *aPoslistToIter;
  Fts5Iter *apIter[1];
};

/*
** This function appends iterator pAppend to Fts5TokenDataIter pIn and
** returns the result.
*/
static Fts5TokenDataIter *fts5AppendTokendataIter(
  Fts5Index *p,                   /* Index object (for error code) */
  Fts5TokenDataIter *pIn,         /* Current Fts5TokenDataIter struct */

  }else{
    pRet->apIter[pRet->nIter++] = pAppend;
  }
  assert( pRet==0 || pRet->nIter<=pRet->nIterAlloc );

  return pRet;
}

/*
** Delete an Fts5TokenDataIter structure and its contents.
*/
static void fts5TokendataIterDelete(Fts5TokenDataIter *pSet){
  if( pSet ){
    int ii;
    for(ii=0; ii<pSet->nIter; ii++){
      fts5MultiIterFree(pSet->apIter[ii]);
    }
    sqlite3_free(pSet->aPoslistReader);
    sqlite3_free(pSet->aMap);
    sqlite3_free(pSet);
  }
}

/*
** Append a mapping to the token-map belonging to object pT.
*/
static void fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(
  Fts5Index *p,
  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT,
  int iIter,
  i64 iRowid,
  i64 iPos
){
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( pT->nMap==pT->nMapAlloc ){
      int nNew = pT->nMapAlloc ? pT->nMapAlloc*2 : 64;
      int nByte = nNew * sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap);
      Fts5TokenDataMap *aNew;

      aNew = (Fts5TokenDataMap*)sqlite3_realloc(pT->aMap, nByte);
      if( aNew==0 ){
        p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
        return;
      }

      pT->aMap = aNew;
      pT->nMapAlloc = nNew;
    }

    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iRowid = iRowid;
    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iPos = iPos;
    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iIter = iIter;
    pT->nMap++;
  }
}

/*
** The iterator passed as the only argument must be a tokendata=1 iterator
** (pIter->pTokenDataIter!=0). This function sets the iterator output
** variables (pIter->base.*) according to the contents of the current
** row.
*/

    pIter->base.bEof = 1;
  }else{
    int eDetail = pIter->pIndex->pConfig->eDetail;
    pIter->base.bEof = 0;
    pIter->base.iRowid = iRowid;

    if( nHit==1 && eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
      fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(pIter->pIndex, pT, iMin, 0, iRowid, -1);
      fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(pIter->pIndex, pT, iMin, iRowid, -1);
    }else
    if( nHit>1 && eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
      int nReader = 0;
      int nByte = 0;
      i64 iPrev = 0;

      /* Allocate array of iterators if they are not already allocated. */

    }
  }

  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pRet = fts5MultiIterAlloc(p, 0);
  }
  if( pRet ){
    pRet->nSeg = 0;
    pRet->pTokenDataIter = pSet;
    if( pSet ){
      fts5IterSetOutputsTokendata(pRet);
    }else{
      pRet->base.bEof = 1;
    }
  }else{
    fts5TokendataIterDelete(pSet);
  }

  fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
  fts5BufferFree(&bSeek);
  return pRet;
}


/*
** Open a new iterator to iterate though all rowid that match the
** specified token or token prefix.
*/
static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
  Fts5Index *p,                   /* FTS index to query */

  /* If the QUERY_SCAN flag is set, all other flags must be clear. */
  assert( (flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN)==0 || flags==FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN );

  if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &buf, nToken+1)==0 ){
    int iIdx = 0;                 /* Index to search */
    int iPrefixIdx = 0;           /* +1 prefix index */
    int bTokendata = pConfig->bTokendata;
    assert( buf.p!=0 );
    if( nToken>0 ) memcpy(&buf.p[1], pToken, nToken);

    /* The NOTOKENDATA flag is set when each token in a tokendata=1 table
    ** should be treated individually, instead of merging all those with
    ** a common prefix into a single entry. This is used, for example, by
    ** queries performed as part of an integrity-check, or by the fts5vocab
    ** module.  */
    if( flags & (FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOTOKENDATA|FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN) ){
      bTokendata = 0;
    }

    /* Figure out which index to search and set iIdx accordingly. If this
    ** is a prefix query for which there is no prefix index, set iIdx to
    ** greater than pConfig->nPrefix to indicate that the query will be

        int nIdxChar = pConfig->aPrefix[iIdx-1];
        if( nIdxChar==nChar ) break;
        if( nIdxChar==nChar+1 ) iPrefixIdx = iIdx;
      }
    }

    if( bTokendata && iIdx==0 ){
      buf.p[0] = FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX;
      buf.p[0] = '0';
      pRet = fts5SetupTokendataIter(p, buf.p, nToken+1, pColset);
    }else if( iIdx<=pConfig->nPrefix ){
      /* Straight index lookup */
      Fts5Structure *pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
      buf.p[0] = (u8)(FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX + iIdx);
      if( pStruct ){
        fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, flags | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY,
            pColset, buf.p, nToken+1, -1, 0, &pRet
        );
        fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
      }
    }else{
      /* Scan multiple terms in the main index for a prefix query. */
      /* Scan multiple terms in the main index */
      int bDesc = (flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_DESC)!=0;
      fts5SetupPrefixIter(p, bDesc, iPrefixIdx, buf.p, nToken+1, pColset,&pRet);
      if( pRet==0 ){
        assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
      }else{
        assert( pRet->pColset==0 );
        fts5IterSetOutputCb(&p->rc, pRet);

*/
/*
** Move to the next matching rowid.
*/
static int sqlite3Fts5IterNext(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
  assert( pIter->pIndex->rc==SQLITE_OK );
  if( pIter->nSeg==0 ){
    assert( pIter->pTokenDataIter );
  if( pIter->pTokenDataIter ){
    fts5TokendataIterNext(pIter, 0, 0);
  }else{
    fts5MultiIterNext(pIter->pIndex, pIter, 0, 0);
  }
  return fts5IndexReturn(pIter->pIndex);
}

/*
** Move to the next matching rowid that occurs at or after iMatch. The
** definition of "at or after" depends on whether this iterator iterates
** in ascending or descending rowid order.
*/
static int sqlite3Fts5IterNextFrom(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter, i64 iMatch){
  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
  if( pIter->nSeg==0 ){
    assert( pIter->pTokenDataIter );
  if( pIter->pTokenDataIter ){
    fts5TokendataIterNext(pIter, 1, iMatch);
  }else{
    fts5MultiIterNextFrom(pIter->pIndex, pIter, iMatch);
  }
  return fts5IndexReturn(pIter->pIndex);
}

/*
** Return the current term.
*/
static const char *sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter, int *pn){
  int n;
  const char *z = (const char*)fts5MultiIterTerm((Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter, &n);
  assert_nc( z || n<=1 );
  *pn = n-1;
  return (z ? &z[1] : 0);
}

/*
** pIter is a prefix query. This function populates pIter->pTokenDataIter
** with an Fts5TokenDataIter object containing mappings for all rows
** matched by the query.
*/
static int fts5SetupPrefixIterTokendata(
  Fts5Iter *pIter,
  const char *pToken,             /* Token prefix to search for */
  int nToken                      /* Size of pToken in bytes */
){
  Fts5Index *p = pIter->pIndex;
  Fts5Buffer token = {0, 0, 0};
  TokendataSetupCtx ctx;

  memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));

  fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, &token, nToken+1);
  assert( token.p!=0 || p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
  ctx.pT = (Fts5TokenDataIter*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&p->rc, sizeof(*ctx.pT));

  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){

    /* Fill in the token prefix to search for */
    token.p[0] = FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX;
    memcpy(&token.p[1], pToken, nToken);
    token.n = nToken+1;

    fts5VisitEntries(
        p, 0, token.p, token.n, 1, prefixIterSetupTokendataCb, (void*)&ctx
    );

    fts5TokendataIterSortMap(p, ctx.pT);
  }

  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pIter->pTokenDataIter = ctx.pT;
  }else{
    fts5TokendataIterDelete(ctx.pT);
  }
  fts5BufferFree(&token);

  return fts5IndexReturn(p);
}

/*
** This is used by xInstToken() to access the token at offset iOff, column
** iCol of row iRowid. The token is returned via output variables *ppOut
** and *pnOut. The iterator passed as the first argument must be a tokendata=1
** iterator (pIter->pTokenDataIter!=0).
**
** pToken/nToken:
*/
static int sqlite3Fts5IterToken(
  Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter,
  const char *pToken, int nToken,
  i64 iRowid,
  int iCol,
  int iOff,
  const char **ppOut, int *pnOut
){
  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT = pIter->pTokenDataIter;
  Fts5TokenDataMap *aMap = pT->aMap;
  i64 iPos = (((i64)iCol)<<32) + iOff;
  Fts5TokenDataMap *aMap = 0;

  int i1 = 0;
  int i2 = 0;
  int i2 = pT->nMap;
  int iTest = 0;

  assert( pT || (pToken && pIter->nSeg>0) );
  if( pT==0 ){
    int rc = fts5SetupPrefixIterTokendata(pIter, pToken, nToken);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
    pT = pIter->pTokenDataIter;
  }

  i2 = pT->nMap;
  aMap = pT->aMap;

  while( i2>i1 ){
    iTest = (i1 + i2) / 2;

    if( aMap[iTest].iRowid<iRowid ){
      i1 = iTest+1;
    }else if( aMap[iTest].iRowid>iRowid ){
      i2 = iTest;

      }else{
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  if( i2>i1 ){
    if( pIter->nSeg==0 ){
      Fts5Iter *pMap = pT->apIter[aMap[iTest].iIter];
      *ppOut = (const char*)pMap->aSeg[0].term.p+1;
      *pnOut = pMap->aSeg[0].term.n-1;
    Fts5Iter *pMap = pT->apIter[aMap[iTest].iIter];
    *ppOut = (const char*)pMap->aSeg[0].term.p+1;
    *pnOut = pMap->aSeg[0].term.n-1;
    }else{
      Fts5TokenDataMap *p = &aMap[iTest];
      *ppOut = (const char*)&pT->terms.p[p->iIter];
      *pnOut = aMap[iTest].nByte;
    }
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Clear any existing entries from the token-map associated with the
** iterator passed as the only argument.
*/
static void sqlite3Fts5IndexIterClearTokendata(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
  if( pIter && pIter->pTokenDataIter
  if( pIter && pIter->pTokenDataIter ){
   && (pIter->nSeg==0 || pIter->pIndex->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL)
  ){
    pIter->pTokenDataIter->nMap = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Set a token-mapping for the iterator passed as the first argument. This
** is used in detail=column or detail=none mode when a token is requested
** using the xInstToken() API. In this case the caller tokenizers the
** current row and configures the token-mapping via multiple calls to this
** function.
*/
static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIterWriteTokendata(
  Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter,
  const char *pToken, int nToken,
  i64 iRowid, int iCol, int iOff
){
  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT = pIter->pTokenDataIter;
  Fts5Index *p = pIter->pIndex;
  i64 iPos = (((i64)iCol)<<32) + iOff;
  int ii;

  assert( p->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL );
  assert( pIter->pTokenDataIter || pIter->nSeg>0 );
  assert( pIter->pTokenDataIter );
  if( pIter->nSeg>0 ){
    /* This is a prefix term iterator. */
    if( pT==0 ){
      pT = (Fts5TokenDataIter*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&p->rc, sizeof(*pT));
      pIter->pTokenDataIter = pT;
    }

    if( pT ){
      fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(p, pT, pT->terms.n, nToken, iRowid, iPos);
      fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &pT->terms, nToken, (const u8*)pToken);
    }
  }else{
    int ii;
    for(ii=0; ii<pT->nIter; ii++){
      Fts5Buffer *pTerm = &pT->apIter[ii]->aSeg[0].term;
      if( nToken==pTerm->n-1 && memcmp(pToken, pTerm->p+1, nToken)==0 ) break;
    }
    if( ii<pT->nIter ){
      fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(p, pT, ii, 0, iRowid, iPos);
  for(ii=0; ii<pT->nIter; ii++){
    Fts5Buffer *pTerm = &pT->apIter[ii]->aSeg[0].term;
    if( nToken==pTerm->n-1 && memcmp(pToken, pTerm->p+1, nToken)==0 ) break;
  }
  if( ii<pT->nIter ){
    fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(p, pT, ii, iRowid, (((i64)iCol)<<32) + iOff);
    }
  }
  return fts5IndexReturn(p);
}

/*
** Close an iterator opened by an earlier call to sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery().
*/

/*
** Size of header on fts5_locale() values. And macro to access a buffer
** containing a copy of the header from an Fts5Config pointer.
*/
#define FTS5_LOCALE_HDR_SIZE ((int)sizeof( ((Fts5Global*)0)->aLocaleHdr ))
#define FTS5_LOCALE_HDR(pConfig) ((const u8*)(pConfig->pGlobal->aLocaleHdr))

#define FTS5_INSTTOKEN_SUBTYPE 73

/*
** Each auxiliary function registered with the FTS5 module is represented
** by an object of the following type. All such objects are stored as part
** of the Fts5Global.pAux list.
*/
struct Fts5Auxiliary {

    if( p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
     || (p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ && iCol>=nCol)
    ){
      /* A MATCH operator or equivalent */
      if( p->usable==0 || iCol<0 ){
        /* As there exists an unusable MATCH constraint this is an
        ** unusable plan. Return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. */
        idxStr[iIdxStr] = 0;
        return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
      }else{
        if( iCol==nCol+1 ){
          if( bSeenRank ) continue;
          idxStr[iIdxStr++] = 'r';
          bSeenRank = 1;
        }else{

  int bOrderByRank;               /* True if ORDER BY rank */
  sqlite3_value *pRank = 0;       /* rank MATCH ? expression (or NULL) */
  sqlite3_value *pRowidEq = 0;    /* rowid = ? expression (or NULL) */
  sqlite3_value *pRowidLe = 0;    /* rowid <= ? expression (or NULL) */
  sqlite3_value *pRowidGe = 0;    /* rowid >= ? expression (or NULL) */
  int iCol;                       /* Column on LHS of MATCH operator */
  char **pzErrmsg = pConfig->pzErrmsg;
  int bPrefixInsttoken = pConfig->bPrefixInsttoken;
  int i;
  int iIdxStr = 0;
  Fts5Expr *pExpr = 0;

  assert( pConfig->bLock==0 );
  if( pCsr->ePlan ){
    fts5FreeCursorComponents(pCsr);

        char *zText = 0;
        int bFreeAndReset = 0;
        int bInternal = 0;

        rc = fts5ExtractExprText(pConfig, apVal[i], &zText, &bFreeAndReset);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto filter_out;
        if( zText==0 ) zText = "";
        if( sqlite3_value_subtype(apVal[i])==FTS5_INSTTOKEN_SUBTYPE ){
          pConfig->bPrefixInsttoken = 1;
        }

        iCol = 0;
        do{
          iCol = iCol*10 + (idxStr[iIdxStr]-'0');
          iIdxStr++;
        }while( idxStr[iIdxStr]>='0' && idxStr[iIdxStr]<='9' );

      rc = fts5NextMethod(pCursor);
    }
  }

 filter_out:
  sqlite3Fts5ExprFree(pExpr);
  pConfig->pzErrmsg = pzErrmsg;
  pConfig->bPrefixInsttoken = bPrefixInsttoken;
  return rc;
}

/*
** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this
** routine to find out if it has reached the end of a result set.
*/

static void fts5SourceIdFunc(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Function call context */
  int nArg,                       /* Number of args */
  sqlite3_value **apUnused        /* Function arguments */
){
  assert( nArg==0 );
  UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2024-12-30 21:23:53 2b17bc49655c577029919c2d409de994b0d252f8efb5da1ba0913f2c96bee552", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2024-10-18 12:31:21 a31a94644113c226a06316a3f95fb38b605821f1c123e2cda06ba90bfcacf59f", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
}

/*
** Implementation of fts5_locale(LOCALE, TEXT) function.
**
** If parameter LOCALE is NULL, or a zero-length string, then a copy of
** TEXT is returned. Otherwise, both LOCALE and TEXT are interpreted as

    if( zText ) memcpy(pCsr, zText, nText);
    assert( &pCsr[nText]==&pBlob[nBlob] );

    sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, pBlob, nBlob, sqlite3_free);
  }
}

/*
** Implementation of fts5_insttoken() function.
*/
static void fts5InsttokenFunc(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Function call context */
  int nArg,                       /* Number of args */
  sqlite3_value **apArg           /* Function arguments */
){
  assert( nArg==1 );
  (void)nArg;
  sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, apArg[0]);
  sqlite3_result_subtype(pCtx, FTS5_INSTTOKEN_SUBTYPE);
}

/*
** Return true if zName is the extension on one of the shadow tables used
** by this module.
*/
static int fts5ShadowName(const char *zName){
  static const char *azName[] = {
    "config", "content", "data", "docsize", "idx"

          SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS,
          p, fts5SourceIdFunc, 0, 0
      );
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3_create_function(
          db, "fts5_locale", 2,
          SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_SUBTYPE,
          SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE,
          p, fts5LocaleFunc, 0, 0
      );
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3_create_function(
          db, "fts5_insttoken", 1,
          SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE,
          p, fts5InsttokenFunc, 0, 0
      );
    }
  }

  /* If SQLITE_FTS5_ENABLE_TEST_MI is defined, assume that the file
  ** fts5_test_mi.c is compiled and linked into the executable. And call
  ** its entry point to enable the matchinfo() demo.  */

){
  TrigramTokenizer *p = (TrigramTokenizer*)pTok;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  char aBuf[32];
  char *zOut = aBuf;
  int ii;
  const unsigned char *zIn = (const unsigned char*)pText;
  const unsigned char *zEof = (zIn ? &zIn[nText] : 0);
  u32 iCode = 0;
  const unsigned char *zEof = &zIn[nText];
  u32 iCode;
  int aStart[3];                  /* Input offset of each character in aBuf[] */

  UNUSED_PARAM(unusedFlags);

  /* Populate aBuf[] with the characters for the first trigram. */
  for(ii=0; ii<3; ii++){
    do {
      aStart[ii] = zIn - (const unsigned char*)pText;
      if( zIn>=zEof ) return SQLITE_OK;
      READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
      if( iCode==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, p->iFoldParam);
    }while( iCode==0 );
    WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
  }

  /* At the start of each iteration of this loop:
  **
  **  aBuf:      Contains 3 characters. The 3 characters of the next trigram.
  **  zOut:      Points to the byte following the last character in aBuf.
  **  aStart[3]: Contains the byte offset in the input text corresponding
  **             to the start of each of the three characters in the buffer.
  */
  assert( zIn<=zEof );
  while( 1 ){
    int iNext;                    /* Start of character following current tri */
    const char *z1;

    /* Read characters from the input up until the first non-diacritic */
    do {
      iNext = zIn - (const unsigned char*)pText;
      if( zIn>=zEof ){
        iCode = 0;
        break;
      }
      READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
      if( iCode==0 ) break;
      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, p->iFoldParam);
    }while( iCode==0 );

    /* Pass the current trigram back to fts5 */
    rc = xToken(pCtx, 0, aBuf, zOut-aBuf, aStart[0], iNext);
    if( iCode==0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;

  };
  void *p = (void*)pGlobal;

  return sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, "fts5vocab", &fts5Vocab, p, 0);
}


/* Here ends the fts5.c composite file. */

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5) */

/************** End of fts5.c ************************************************/
/************** Begin file stmt.c ********************************************/
/*
** 2017-05-31
**

}
#endif /* SQLITE_CORE */
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB) */

/************** End of stmt.c ************************************************/
/* Return the source-id for this library */
SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }
#endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
/************************** End of sqlite3.c ******************************/

** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.48.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3048000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2024-12-30 21:23:53 2b17bc49655c577029919c2d409de994b0d252f8efb5da1ba0913f2c96bee552"
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.47.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3047000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2024-10-18 12:31:21 a31a94644113c226a06316a3f95fb38b605821f1c123e2cda06ba90bfcacf59f"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
** elevated privileges.
**
** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
**
** The SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ property means that it is ok to read
** from the database file in amounts that are not a multiple of the
** page size and that do not begin at a page boundary.  Without this
** property, SQLite is careful to only do full-page reads and write
** on aligned pages, with the one exception that it will do a sub-page
** read of the first page to access the database header.
*/
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ           0x00008000

/*
** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
**
** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from

** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ]
** </ul>
**
** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means

**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO] opcode sets the low-level file descriptor
** or file handle for the [sqlite3_file] object such that it will no longer
** read or write to the database file.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
**

#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO                43

/* deprecated names */
#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO

** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE,
** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE
** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
** For the purposes of this interface, a CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement
** does not count as an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement and hence the rows
** added to the new table by the CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement are not
** counted.
**
** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
**
** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value

** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
** flag.
**
** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
** any virtual tables.
**
** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG flag prevents SQL compiler
** errors from being sent to the error log defined by
** [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG].  This can be used, for example, to do test
** compiles to see if some SQL syntax is well-formed, without generating
** messages on the global error log when it is not.  If the test compile
** fails, the sqlite3_prepare_v3() call returns the same error indications
** with or without this flag; it just omits the call to [sqlite3_log()] that
** logs the error.
** </dl>
*/
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG                0x10

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
** METHOD: sqlite3
** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
**

#  define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 0
# endif
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
#endif
/* #endif for SQLITE3_H will be added by mksqlite3.tcl */
#endif /* SQLITE3_H */

/******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
/*
** 2010 August 30
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

**
** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
**   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
**   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
**   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
**   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
**   bytes. This API is not available if the specified token matches a
**   prefix query term. In that case both output variables are always set
**   bytes.
**   to 0.
**
**   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
**   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
**   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
**
**   This API may be slow in some cases if the token identified by parameters
**   iIdx and iToken matched a prefix token in the query. In most cases, the
**   first call to this API for each prefix token in the query is forced
**   to scan the portion of the full-text index that matches the prefix
**   token to collect the extra data required by this API. If the prefix
**   token matches a large number of token instances in the document set,
**   this may be a performance problem.
**
**   If the user knows in advance that a query may use this API for a
**   prefix token, FTS5 may be configured to collect all required data as part
**   of the initial querying of the full-text index, avoiding the second scan
**   entirely. This also causes prefix queries that do not use this API to
**   run more slowly and use more memory. FTS5 may be configured in this way
**   either on a per-table basis using the [FTS5 insttoken | 'insttoken']
**   option, or on a per-query basis using the
**   [fts5_insttoken | fts5_insttoken()] user function.
**
**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
**
** xColumnLocale(pFts5, iIdx, pzLocale, pnLocale)
**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
**   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
**

#ifdef __cplusplus
}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
#endif

#endif /* _FTS5_H */

/******** End of fts5.h *********/
#endif /* SQLITE3_H */

/*
** Copyright (c) 2008 D. Richard Hipp
**
** This program is free software.  As far as the author is
** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
** concerned, you can redistribute it and/or modify the code
** as you see fit.  No attribution is required.  Use whichever
** of the following license terms best applies to your situation.
**
**   1.   GNU General Public License
**   2.   BSD License
** modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
** License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
**   3.   MIT License
**   4.   CC0 License
**
** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
** but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of
** merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
** 
** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
** General Public License for more details.
** 
** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
** License along with this library; if not, write to the
** Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
** Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
**
** Author contact information:
**   drh@sqlite.org
**   drh@hwaci.com
**   http://www.hwaci.com/drh/
**
*******************************************************************************
**
** This main driver for the sqllogictest program.
*/
#include "sqllogictest.h"
#include <stdio.h>