sqllogictest

/******************************************************************************
** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
** version 3.38.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
** of 5% or more are commonly seen when SQLite is compiled as a single
** translation unit.
**
** This file is all you need to compile SQLite.  To use SQLite in other

** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.38.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3038000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2022-02-17 17:24:39 a6fbb7ba0583b3981e2d8b809006b902b3e97e516dbd3ab7d905c5ea73df2272"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8)) /* internal use only */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
**
** These bit values are intended for use in the
** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.

** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
** disabled.
**
** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
** interfaces include the following:
**
** <ul>
** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
** <li> sqlite3_error_offset()
** </ul>
**
** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
**
** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
** and must not be freed by the application)^.
**
** ^If the most recent error references a specific token in the input
** SQL, the sqlite3_error_offset() interface returns the byte offset
** of the start of that token.  ^The byte offset returned by
** sqlite3_error_offset() assumes that the input SQL is UTF8.
** ^If the most recent error does not reference a specific token in the input
** SQL, then the sqlite3_error_offset() function returns -1.
**
** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
**
** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
** error code and message may or may not be set.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_error_offset(sqlite3 *db);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
**
** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.

** statement might change the database file.  ^A false return does
** not guarantee that the statement will change the database file.
** ^For example, an UPDATE statement might have a WHERE clause that
** makes it a no-op, but the sqlite3_stmt_readonly() result would still
** be false.  ^Similarly, a CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS statement is a
** read-only no-op if the table already exists, but
** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() still returns false for such a statement.
**
** ^If prepared statement X is an [EXPLAIN] or [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
** statement, then sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) returns the same value as
** if the EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prefix were omitted.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**

** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
**
** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
** ^The sqlite3_value objects returned by [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()]
** are protected.
** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.

#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
**
** These macros define the allowed values for the
** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the WHERE clause of
** a query that uses a [virtual table].
**
** ^The left-hand operand of the operator is given by the corresponding
** aConstraint[].iColumn field.  ^An iColumn of -1 indicates the left-hand
** operand is the rowid.
** The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET
** operators have no left-hand operand, and so for those operators the
** corresponding aConstraint[].iColumn is meaningless and should not be
** used.
**
** All operator values from SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION through
** value 255 are reserved to represent functions that are overloaded
** by the [xFindFunction|xFindFunction method] of the virtual table
** implementation.
**
** The right-hand operands for each constraint might be accessible using
** the [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()] interface.  Usually the right-hand
** operand is only available if it appears as a single constant literal
** in the input SQL.  If the right-hand operand is another column or an
** expression (even a constant expression) or a parameter, then the
** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() probably will not be able to extract it.
** ^The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL and
** SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL operators have no right-hand operand
** and hence calls to sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() for those operators will
** always return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
**
** The collating sequence to be used for comparison can be found using
** the [sqlite3_vtab_collation()] interface.  For most real-world virtual
** tables, the collating sequence of constraints does not matter (for example
** because the constraints are numeric) and so the sqlite3_vtab_collation()
** interface is no commonly needed.
*/
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ          2
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT          4
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE          8
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT         16
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE         32
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH      64
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE       65
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB       66
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP     67
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE         68
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT      69
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL  70
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL     71
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS         72
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT      73
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET     74
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION  150

/*
** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
** ^Module names must be registered before

** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
** destructor.
**
** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
** NULL then no new module is created and any existing modules with the
** same name are dropped.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */

#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE                    32
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST                  33
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    33  /* Largest TESTCTRL */

/*
** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
**
** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,

**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
** cycle.
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]]
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER HIT]]
** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT<br>
** SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS</dt>
** <dd>^SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT is the number of times that a join
** step was bypassed because a Bloom filter returned not-found.  The
** corresponding SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS value is the number of
** times that the Bloom filter returned a find, and thus the join step
** had to be processed as normal.
**
** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
** </dd>
** </dl>
*/
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS       7
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT        8
#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99

/*
** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
**
** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of

** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
**
** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
** method of a [virtual table].  This function returns a pointer to a string
** that is the name of the appropriate collation sequence to use for text
** comparisons on the constraint identified by its arguments.
**
** The first argument must be the pointer to the [sqlite3_index_info] object
** that is the first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument
** must be an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the
** sqlite3_index_info structure passed to xBestIndex.
**
** Important:
** The first parameter must be the same pointer that is passed into the
** xBestMethod() method.  The first parameter may not be a pointer to a
** different [sqlite3_index_info] object, even an exact copy.
**
** The return value is computed as follows:
**
** <ol>
** <li><p> If the constraint comes from a WHERE clause expression that contains
**         a [COLLATE operator], then the name of the collation specified by
**         that COLLATE operator is returned.
** <li><p> If there is no COLLATE operator, but the column that is the subject
**         of the constraint specifies an alternative collating sequence via
**         a [COLLATE clause] on the column definition within the CREATE TABLE
**         statement that was passed into [sqlite3_declare_vtab()], then the
**         name of that alternative collating sequence is returned.
** <li><p> Otherwise, "BINARY" is returned.
** </ol>
*/
SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Determine if a virtual table query is DISTINCT
** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
**
** This API may only be used from within an [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this
** interface from outside of xBestIndex() is undefined and probably harmful.
**
** ^The sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns an integer that is
** either 0, 1, or 2.  The integer returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct()
** gives the virtual table additional information about how the query
** planner wants the output to be ordered. As long as the virtual table
** can meet the ordering requirements of the query planner, it may set
** the "orderByConsumed" flag.
**
** <ol><li value="0"><p>
** ^If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 0, that means
** that the query planner needs the virtual table to return all rows in the
** sort order defined by the "nOrderBy" and "aOrderBy" fields of the
** [sqlite3_index_info] object.  This is the default expectation.  If the
** virtual table outputs all rows in sorted order, then it is always safe for
** the xBestIndex method to set the "orderByConsumed" flag, regardless of
** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_distinct().
** <li value="1"><p>
** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 1, that means
** that the query planner does not need the rows to be returned in sorted order
** as long as all rows with the same values in all columns identified by the
** "aOrderBy" field are adjacent.)^  This mode is used when the query planner
** is doing a GROUP BY.
** <li value="2"><p>
** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
** order, as long as rows with the same values in all "aOrderBy" columns
** are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, only a single row for each particular
** combination of values in the columns identified by the "aOrderBy" field
** needs to be returned.)^  ^It is always ok for two or more rows with the same
** values in all "aOrderBy" columns to be returned, as long as all such rows
** are adjacent.  ^The virtual table may, if it chooses, omit extra rows
** that have the same value for all columns identified by "aOrderBy".
** ^However omitting the extra rows is optional.
** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
** </ol>
**
** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
** values are same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
** (or "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM") and not "==".
**
** If a virtual table implementation is unable to meet the requirements
** specified above, then it must not set the "orderByConsumed" flag in the
** [sqlite3_index_info] object or an incorrect answer may result.
**
** ^A virtual table implementation is always free to return rows in any order
** it wants, as long as the "orderByConsumed" flag is not set.  ^When the
** the "orderByConsumed" flag is unset, the query planner will add extra
** [bytecode] to ensure that the final results returned by the SQL query are
** ordered correctly.  The use of the "orderByConsumed" flag and the
** sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface is merely an optimization.  ^Careful
** use of the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface and the "orderByConsumed"
** flag might help queries against a virtual table to run faster.  Being
** overly aggressive and setting the "orderByConsumed" flag when it is not
** valid to do so, on the other hand, might cause SQLite to return incorrect
** results.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_distinct(sqlite3_index_info*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Identify and handle IN constraints in xBestIndex
**
** This interface may only be used from within an
** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
** The result of invoking this interface from any other context is
** undefined and probably harmful.
**
** ^(A constraint on a virtual table of the form
** "[IN operator|column IN (...)]" is
** communicated to the xBestIndex method as a
** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ] constraint.)^  If xBestIndex wants to use
** this constraint, it must set the corresponding
** aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex to a postive integer.  ^(Then, under
** the usual mode of handling IN operators, SQLite generates [bytecode]
** that invokes the [xFilter|xFilter() method] once for each value
** on the right-hand side of the IN operator.)^  Thus the virtual table
** only sees a single value from the right-hand side of the IN operator
** at a time.
**
** In some cases, however, it would be advantageous for the virtual
** table to see all values on the right-hand of the IN operator all at
** once.  The sqlite3_vtab_in() interfaces facilitates this in two ways:
**
** <ol>
** <li><p>
**   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,-1) will return true (non-zero)
**   if and only if the [sqlite3_index_info|P->aConstraint][N] constraint
**   is an [IN operator] that can be processed all at once.  ^In other words,
**   sqlite3_vtab_in() with -1 in the third argument is a mechanism
**   by which the virtual table can ask SQLite if all-at-once processing
**   of the IN operator is even possible.
**
** <li><p>
**   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) with F==1 or F==0 indicates
**   to SQLite that the virtual table does or does not want to process
**   the IN operator all-at-once, respectively.  ^Thus when the third
**   parameter (F) is non-negative, this interface is the mechanism by
**   which the virtual table tells SQLite how it wants to process the
**   IN operator.
** </ol>
**
** ^The sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) interface can be invoked multiple times
** within the same xBestIndex method call.  ^For any given P,N pair,
** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) will always be the same
** within the same xBestIndex call.  ^If the interface returns true
** (non-zero), that means that the constraint is an IN operator
** that can be processed all-at-once.  ^If the constraint is not an IN
** operator or cannot be processed all-at-once, then the interface returns
** false.
**
** ^(All-at-once processing of the IN operator is selected if both of the
** following conditions are met:
**
** <ol>
** <li><p> The P->aConstraintUsage[N].argvIndex value is set to a positive
** integer.  This is how the virtual table tells SQLite that it wants to
** use the N-th constraint.
**
** <li><p> The last call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) for which F was
** non-negative had F>=1.
** </ol>)^
**
** ^If either or both of the conditions above are false, then SQLite uses
** the traditional one-at-a-time processing strategy for the IN constraint.
** ^If both conditions are true, then the argvIndex-th parameter to the
** xFilter method will be an [sqlite3_value] that appears to be NULL,
** but which can be passed to [sqlite3_vtab_in_first()] and
** [sqlite3_vtab_in_next()] to find all values on the right-hand side
** of the IN constraint.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in(sqlite3_index_info*, int iCons, int bHandle);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Find all elements on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
**
** These interfaces are only useful from within the
** [xFilter|xFilter() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
** is undefined and probably harmful.
**
** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) must be one of the parameters to the
** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
** processing use the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_MISUSE])^ or perhaps
** exhibit some other undefined or harmful behavior.
**
** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
** &nbsp;  for(rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_first(pList, &pVal);
** &nbsp;      rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal
** &nbsp;      rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_next(pList, &pVal)
** &nbsp;  ){
** &nbsp;    // do something with pVal
** &nbsp;  }
** &nbsp;  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
** &nbsp;    // an error has occurred
** &nbsp;  }
** </pre></blockquote>)^
**
** ^On success, the sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) and sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P)
** routines return SQLITE_OK and set *P to point to the first or next value
** on the RHS of the IN constraint.  ^If there are no more values on the
** right hand side of the IN constraint, then *P is set to NULL and these
** routines return [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The return value might be
** some other value, such as SQLITE_NOMEM, in the event of a malfunction.
**
** The *ppOut values returned by these routines are only valid until the
** next call to either of these routines or until the end of the xFilter
** method from which these routines were called.  If the virtual table
** implementation needs to retain the *ppOut values for longer, it must make
** copies.  The *ppOut values are [protected sqlite3_value|protected].
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_first(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_next(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Constraint values in xBestIndex()
** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
**
** This API may only be used from within the [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this interface
** from outside of an xBestIndex method are undefined and probably harmful.
**
** ^When the sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface is invoked from within
** the [xBestIndex] method of a [virtual table] implementation, with P being
** a copy of the [sqlite3_index_info] object pointer passed into xBestIndex and
** J being a 0-based index into P->aConstraint[], then this routine
** attempts to set *V to the value of the right-hand operand of
** that constraint if the right-hand operand is known.  ^If the
** right-hand operand is not known, then *V is set to a NULL pointer.
** ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface returns SQLITE_OK if
** and only if *V is set to a value.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V)
** inteface returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND if the right-hand side of the J-th
** constraint is not available.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface
** can return an result code other than SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if
** something goes wrong.
**
** The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface is usually only successful if
** the right-hand operand of a constraint is a literal value in the original
** SQL statement.  If the right-hand operand is an expression or a reference
** to some other column or a [host parameter], then sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()
** will probably return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND].
**
** ^(Some constraints, such as [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL] and
** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL], have no right-hand operand.  For such
** constraints, sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() always returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND.)^
**
** ^The [sqlite3_value] object returned in *V is a protected sqlite3_value
** and remains valid for the duration of the xBestIndex method call.
** ^When xBestIndex returns, the sqlite3_value object returned by
** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() is automatically deallocated.
**
** The "_rhs_" in the name of this routine is an appreviation for
** "Right-Hand Side".
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(sqlite3_index_info*, int, sqlite3_value **ppVal);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
**
** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.

#define TK_RSHIFT                         105
#define TK_PLUS                           106
#define TK_MINUS                          107
#define TK_STAR                           108
#define TK_SLASH                          109
#define TK_REM                            110
#define TK_CONCAT                         111
#define TK_PTR                            112
#define TK_COLLATE                        113
#define TK_BITNOT                         114
#define TK_ON                             115
#define TK_INDEXED                        116
#define TK_STRING                         117
#define TK_JOIN_KW                        118
#define TK_CONSTRAINT                     119
#define TK_DEFAULT                        120
#define TK_NULL                           121
#define TK_PRIMARY                        122
#define TK_UNIQUE                         123
#define TK_CHECK                          124
#define TK_REFERENCES                     125
#define TK_AUTOINCR                       126
#define TK_INSERT                         127
#define TK_DELETE                         128
#define TK_UPDATE                         129
#define TK_SET                            130
#define TK_DEFERRABLE                     131
#define TK_FOREIGN                        132
#define TK_DROP                           133
#define TK_UNION                          134
#define TK_ALL                            135
#define TK_EXCEPT                         136
#define TK_INTERSECT                      137
#define TK_SELECT                         138
#define TK_VALUES                         139
#define TK_DISTINCT                       140
#define TK_DOT                            141
#define TK_FROM                           142
#define TK_JOIN                           143
#define TK_USING                          144
#define TK_ORDER                          145
#define TK_GROUP                          146
#define TK_HAVING                         147
#define TK_LIMIT                          148
#define TK_WHERE                          149
#define TK_RETURNING                      150
#define TK_INTO                           151
#define TK_NOTHING                        152
#define TK_FLOAT                          153
#define TK_BLOB                           154
#define TK_INTEGER                        155
#define TK_VARIABLE                       156
#define TK_CASE                           157
#define TK_WHEN                           158
#define TK_THEN                           159
#define TK_ELSE                           160
#define TK_INDEX                          161
#define TK_ALTER                          162
#define TK_ADD                            163
#define TK_WINDOW                         164
#define TK_OVER                           165
#define TK_FILTER                         166
#define TK_COLUMN                         167
#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   168
#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     169
#define TK_TRUEFALSE                      170
#define TK_ISNOT                          171
#define TK_FUNCTION                       172
#define TK_UMINUS                         173
#define TK_UPLUS                          174
#define TK_TRUTH                          175
#define TK_REGISTER                       176
#define TK_VECTOR                         177
#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  178
#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    179
#define TK_ASTERISK                       180
#define TK_SPAN                           181
#define TK_ERROR                          182
#define TK_SPACE                          183
#define TK_ILLEGAL                        184

/************** End of parse.h ***********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>

/*
** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
**
** The default value of "20" was chosen to minimize the run-time of the
** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
#endif

/*

** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
*/
#define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))

/*
** A bit in a Bitmask
*/
#define MASKBIT(n)    (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
#define MASKBIT64(n)  (((u64)1)<<(n))
#define MASKBIT32(n)  (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
#define SMASKBIT32(n) ((n)<=31?((unsigned int)1)<<(n):0)
#define ALLBITS       ((Bitmask)-1)

/* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
** just an array of integers.
*/

#define OP_Lt             56 /* jump, same as TK_LT, synopsis: IF r[P3]<r[P1] */
#define OP_Ge             57 /* jump, same as TK_GE, synopsis: IF r[P3]>=r[P1] */
#define OP_ElseEq         58 /* jump, same as TK_ESCAPE                    */
#define OP_IfNotZero      59 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
#define OP_DecrJumpZero   60 /* jump, synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2    */
#define OP_IncrVacuum     61 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_VNext          62 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Filter         63 /* jump, synopsis: if key(P3@P4) not in filter(P1) goto P2 */
#define OP_Init           64 /* jump, synopsis: Start at P2                */
#define OP_PureFunc       65 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])             */
#define OP_Function       66 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])             */
#define OP_Return         67
#define OP_EndCoroutine   68
#define OP_HaltIfNull     69 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
#define OP_Halt           70
#define OP_Integer        71 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
#define OP_Int64          72 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
#define OP_String         73 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
#define OP_Null           74 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
#define OP_SoftNull       75 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
#define OP_Blob           76 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
#define OP_Variable       77 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
#define OP_Move           78 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
#define OP_Copy           79 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
#define OP_SCopy          80 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
#define OP_IntCopy        81 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */


#define OP_FkCheck        82
#define OP_ResultRow      83 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
#define OP_CollSeq        84
#define OP_AddImm         85 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
#define OP_RealAffinity   86
#define OP_Cast           87 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
#define OP_Permutation    88
#define OP_Compare        89 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
#define OP_IsTrue         90 /* synopsis: r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4 */
#define OP_ZeroOrNull     91 /* synopsis: r[P2] = 0 OR NULL                */
#define OP_Offset         92 /* synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)        */
#define OP_Column         93 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX                         */
#define OP_TypeCheck      94 /* synopsis: typecheck(r[P1@P2])              */
#define OP_Affinity       95 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
#define OP_MakeRecord     96 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
#define OP_Count          97 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
#define OP_ReadCookie     98
#define OP_SetCookie      99

#define OP_ReopenIdx     100 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
#define OP_OpenRead      101 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
#define OP_BitAnd        102 /* same as TK_BITAND, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2] */
#define OP_BitOr         103 /* same as TK_BITOR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2] */
#define OP_ShiftLeft     104 /* same as TK_LSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1] */
#define OP_ShiftRight    105 /* same as TK_RSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1] */
#define OP_Add           106 /* same as TK_PLUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2] */
#define OP_Subtract      107 /* same as TK_MINUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1] */
#define OP_Multiply      108 /* same as TK_STAR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2] */
#define OP_Divide        109 /* same as TK_SLASH, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1] */
#define OP_Remainder     110 /* same as TK_REM, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1] */
#define OP_Concat        111 /* same as TK_CONCAT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1] */
#define OP_OpenWrite     112 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
#define OP_OpenDup       113
#define OP_BitNot        114 /* same as TK_BITNOT, synopsis: r[P2]= ~r[P1] */
#define OP_OpenAutoindex 115 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
#define OP_OpenEphemeral 116 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
#define OP_String8       117 /* same as TK_STRING, synopsis: r[P2]='P4'    */
#define OP_SorterOpen    118
#define OP_SequenceTest  119 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
#define OP_OpenPseudo    120 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
#define OP_Close         121
#define OP_ColumnsUsed   122
#define OP_SeekScan      123 /* synopsis: Scan-ahead up to P1 rows         */
#define OP_SeekHit       124 /* synopsis: set P2<=seekHit<=P3              */
#define OP_Sequence      125 /* synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++           */
#define OP_NewRowid      126 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
#define OP_Insert        127 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]          */
#define OP_RowCell       128
#define OP_Delete        129
#define OP_ResetCount    130
#define OP_SorterCompare 131 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
#define OP_SorterData    132 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
#define OP_RowData       133 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
#define OP_Rowid         134 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
#define OP_NullRow       135
#define OP_SeekEnd       136
#define OP_IdxInsert     137 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
#define OP_SorterInsert  138 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
#define OP_IdxDelete     139 /* synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]                     */
#define OP_DeferredSeek  140 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed    */
#define OP_IdxRowid      141 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
#define OP_FinishSeek    142
#define OP_Destroy       143
#define OP_Clear         144
#define OP_ResetSorter   145
#define OP_CreateBtree   146 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3       */
#define OP_SqlExec       147
#define OP_ParseSchema   148
#define OP_LoadAnalysis  149
#define OP_DropTable     150
#define OP_DropIndex     151
#define OP_DropTrigger   152
#define OP_Real          153 /* same as TK_FLOAT, synopsis: r[P2]=P4       */
#define OP_IntegrityCk   154
#define OP_RowSetAdd     155 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
#define OP_Param         156
#define OP_FkCounter     157 /* synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2                    */
#define OP_MemMax        158 /* synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])           */
#define OP_OffsetLimit   159 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1) */
#define OP_AggInverse    160 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] inverse(r[P2@P5])    */
#define OP_AggStep       161 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
#define OP_AggStep1      162 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
#define OP_AggValue      163 /* synopsis: r[P3]=value N=P2                 */
#define OP_AggFinal      164 /* synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2                 */
#define OP_Expire        165
#define OP_CursorLock    166
#define OP_CursorUnlock  167
#define OP_TableLock     168 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
#define OP_VBegin        169
#define OP_VCreate       170
#define OP_VDestroy      171
#define OP_VOpen         172
#define OP_VInitIn       173 /* synopsis: r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)           */
#define OP_VColumn       174 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
#define OP_VRename       175
#define OP_Pagecount     176
#define OP_MaxPgcnt      177
#define OP_FilterAdd     178 /* synopsis: filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)         */
#define OP_Trace         179
#define OP_CursorHint    180
#define OP_ReleaseReg    181 /* synopsis: release r[P1@P2] mask P3         */
#define OP_Noop          182
#define OP_Explain       183
#define OP_Abortable     184

/* Properties such as "out2" or "jump" that are specified in
** comments following the "case" for each opcode in the vdbe.c
** are encoded into bitvectors as follows:
*/
#define OPFLG_JUMP        0x01  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */
#define OPFLG_IN1         0x02  /* in1:   P1 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN2         0x04  /* in2:   P2 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN3         0x08  /* in3:   P3 is an input */
#define OPFLG_OUT2        0x10  /* out2:  P2 is an output */
#define OPFLG_OUT3        0x20  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
/*   0 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x10,\
/*   8 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03,\
/*  16 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x12, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x09,\
/*  24 */ 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x01, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,\
/*  32 */ 0x09, 0x09, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,\
/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x26, 0x26, 0x23, 0x0b, 0x01,\
/*  48 */ 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,\
/*  64 */ 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10,\
/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
/*  80 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,\
/*  88 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x1e, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/*  96 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x26,\
/* 104 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
/* 128 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00,\
/* 136 */ 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10,\
/* 144 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 152 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04, 0x1a,\
/* 160 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 176 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 184 */ 0x00,}

/* The resolve3P2Values() routine is able to run faster if it knows
** the value of the largest JUMP opcode.  The smaller the maximum
** JUMP opcode the better, so the mkopcodeh.tcl script that
** generated this include file strives to group all JUMP opcodes
** together near the beginning of the list.
*/
#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  64  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */

/************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/

/*
** Additional non-public SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags
*/

  u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
  u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
  i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
  i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
  u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
  unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
  int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
  int errByteOffset;            /* Byte offset of error in SQL statement */
  int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
  int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
  u32 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
  u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
  u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
  u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
  u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */

#define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x00002000 /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
#define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x00004000 /* Skip-scans */
#define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x00008000 /* The constant propagation opt */
#define SQLITE_MinMaxOpt      0x00010000 /* The min/max optimization */
#define SQLITE_SeekScan       0x00020000 /* The OP_SeekScan optimization */
#define SQLITE_OmitOrderBy    0x00040000 /* Omit pointless ORDER BY */
   /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x40000. Coordinate any change */
#define SQLITE_BloomFilter    0x00080000 /* Use a Bloom filter on searches */
#define SQLITE_BloomPulldown  0x00100000 /* Run Bloom filters early */
#define SQLITE_BalancedMerge  0x00200000 /* Balance multi-way merges */
#define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */

/*
** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
*/
#define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
#define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)

**
**   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
**     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
**     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
**     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
**     FUNCTION().
**
**   WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
**     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
**     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
**     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
**     FUNCTION().
**
**   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
**     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName

   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
   xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define JFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
         SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \

                         ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
                         ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
                         ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
  ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
                         ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
                         ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
  i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
  union {
    int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
    int iOfst;             /* else: start of token from start of statement */
  } w;
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
  union {
    Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
                           ** for a column of an index on an expression */
    Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
    struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
      int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
  int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
  TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
#endif
  AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
  Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
  Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
  TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
  ParseCleanup *pCleanup;   /* List of cleanup operations to run after parse */
  union {
    int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
    Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
  } u1;
  u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
  u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
  u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
  u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
  u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
  u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
  u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */

  /**************************************************************************
  ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
  ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
  ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
  ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
  **************************************************************************/

  int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
  Parse *pOuterParse;     /* Outer Parse object when nested */
  Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */

  /************************************************************************
  ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
  ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
  ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
  ** first field in the recursive region.

                            ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
  Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
  const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
  Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
#endif

  With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
#endif
};

/* Allowed values for Parse.eParseMode
*/
#define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
#define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
#define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
#define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3

/*
** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
*/
#define PARSE_HDR(X)  (((char*)(X))+offsetof(Parse,zErrMsg))
#define PARSE_HDR_SZ (offsetof(Parse,aTempReg)-offsetof(Parse,zErrMsg)) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
#define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
#define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
#define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */

/*
** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
*/

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
  sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
#endif
  int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
  int (*xAltLocaltime)(const void*,void*); /* Alternative localtime() routine */
  int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
  u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
  unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
  /* vvvv--- must be last ---vvv */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  sqlite3_int64 aTune[SQLITE_NTUNE]; /* Tuning parameters */
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeChangeCount(Vdbe*,int,const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
                   Upsert*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
                             ExprList*,Select*,u16,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(Vdbe*,WhereInfo*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,const ExprList*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,const SrcList*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,const IdList*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,const Select*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3QuoteValue(StrAccum*,sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions(void);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON)
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3JsonTableFunctions(sqlite3*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE With *sqlite3WithDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p);

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);

SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);




SQLITE_PRIVATE u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);

SQLITE_PRIVATE VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);

/*
** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c

  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
  void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  FuncDestructor *pDestructor
);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumSetError(StrAccum*, u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResultStrAccum(sqlite3_context*,StrAccum*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RecordErrorByteOffset(sqlite3*,const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(sqlite3*,const Expr*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
#else

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParseObjectInit(Parse*,sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParseObjectReset(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(sqlite3*,int);
#else
  #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
  #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
  #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
  #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
  #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
  #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
  #define sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(a,b)
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
#else
  #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
  #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)

#define OpenCounter(X)
#endif /* defined(SQLITE_TEST) */

#endif /* !defined(_OS_COMMON_H_) */

/************** End of os_common.h *******************************************/
/************** Begin file ctime.c *******************************************/
/* DO NOT EDIT!
** This file is automatically generated by the script in the canonical
** SQLite source tree at tool/mkctimec.tcl.
**
** To modify this header, edit any of the various lists in that script
** which specify categories of generated conditionals in this file.
*/

/*
** 2010 February 23
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.

**
** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
** only a handful of compile-time options, so most times this array is usually
** rather short and uses little memory space.
*/
static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {




#ifdef SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
  "32BIT_ROWID",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
  "4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
  "ENABLE_ICU",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
  "ENABLE_IOTRACE",
#endif



#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
  "ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
  "ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE),
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS

  "OMIT_INCRBLOB",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
  "OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
  "OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_JSON
  "OMIT_JSON",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
  "OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
  "OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION",
#endif

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC
  "WIN32_MALLOC",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
  "ZERO_MALLOC",
#endif



} ;

SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt){
  *pnOpt = sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt) / sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt[0]);
  return (const char**)sqlite3azCompileOpt;
}

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
   SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE,   /* mxMemdbSize */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
   0,                         /* xTestCallback */
#endif
   0,                         /* bLocaltimeFault */
   0,                         /* xAltLocaltime */
   0x7ffffffe,                /* iOnceResetThreshold */
   SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE,   /* szSorterRef */
   0,                         /* iPrngSeed */
};

/*
** Hash table for global functions - functions common to all

**      * A sorter
**      * A virtual table
**      * A one-row "pseudotable" stored in a single register
*/
typedef struct VdbeCursor VdbeCursor;
struct VdbeCursor {
  u8 eCurType;            /* One of the CURTYPE_* values above */
  i8 iDb;                 /* Index of cursor database in db->aDb[] */
  u8 nullRow;             /* True if pointing to a row with no data */
  u8 deferredMoveto;      /* A call to sqlite3BtreeMoveto() is needed */
  u8 isTable;             /* True for rowid tables.  False for indexes */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  u8 seekOp;              /* Most recent seek operation on this cursor */
  u8 wrFlag;              /* The wrFlag argument to sqlite3BtreeCursor() */
#endif
  Bool isEphemeral:1;     /* True for an ephemeral table */
  Bool useRandomRowid:1;  /* Generate new record numbers semi-randomly */
  Bool isOrdered:1;       /* True if the table is not BTREE_UNORDERED */
  Bool hasBeenDuped:1;    /* This cursor was source or target of OP_OpenDup */
  u16 seekHit;            /* See the OP_SeekHit and OP_IfNoHope opcodes */
  union {                 /* pBtx for isEphermeral.  pAltMap otherwise */
    Btree *pBtx;            /* Separate file holding temporary table */

    u32 *aAltMap;           /* Mapping from table to index column numbers */
  } ub;
  i64 seqCount;           /* Sequence counter */

  /* Cached OP_Column parse information is only valid if cacheStatus matches
  ** Vdbe.cacheCtr.  Vdbe.cacheCtr will never take on the value of
  ** CACHE_STALE (0) and so setting cacheStatus=CACHE_STALE guarantees that
  ** the cache is out of date. */
  u32 cacheStatus;        /* Cache is valid if this matches Vdbe.cacheCtr */
  int seekResult;         /* Result of previous sqlite3BtreeMoveto() or 0

  bft changeCntOn:1;      /* True to update the change-counter */
  bft runOnlyOnce:1;      /* Automatically expire on reset */
  bft usesStmtJournal:1;  /* True if uses a statement journal */
  bft readOnly:1;         /* True for statements that do not write */
  bft bIsReader:1;        /* True for statements that read */
  yDbMask btreeMask;      /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
  yDbMask lockMask;       /* Subset of btreeMask that requires a lock */
  u32 aCounter[9];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
  char *zNormSql;         /* Normalization of the associated SQL statement */
  DblquoteStr *pDblStr;   /* List of double-quoted string literals */
#endif
  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */

  i64 iKey1;                      /* First key value passed to hook */
  i64 iKey2;                      /* Second key value passed to hook */
  Mem *aNew;                      /* Array of new.* values */
  Table *pTab;                    /* Schema object being upated */
  Index *pPk;                     /* PK index if pTab is WITHOUT ROWID */
};

/*
** An instance of this object is used to pass an vector of values into
** OP_VFilter, the xFilter method of a virtual table.  The vector is the
** set of values on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
**
** The value as passed into xFilter is an sqlite3_value with a "pointer"
** type, such as is generated by sqlite3_result_pointer() and read by
** sqlite3_value_pointer.  Such values have MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype|MEM_Null
** and a subtype of 'p'.  The sqlite3_vtab_in_first() and _next() interfaces
** know how to use this object to step through all the values in the
** right operand of the IN constraint.
*/
typedef struct ValueList ValueList;
struct ValueList {
  BtCursor *pCsr;          /* An ephemeral table holding all values */
  sqlite3_value *pOut;     /* Register to hold each decoded output value */
};

/*
** Function prototypes
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeError(Vdbe*, const char *, ...);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *, VdbeCursor*);
void sqliteVdbePopStack(Vdbe*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int SQLITE_NOINLINE sqlite3VdbeFinishMoveto(VdbeCursor*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor**, u32*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore(VdbeCursor*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32);
SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbeOneByteSerialTypeLen(u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(unsigned char*, Mem*, u32);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(const unsigned char*, u32, Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(sqlite3*, AuxData**, int, int);

int sqlite2BtreeKeyCompare(BtCursor *, const void *, int, int, int *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(sqlite3*,VdbeCursor*,UnpackedRecord*,int*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3*, BtCursor*, i64*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB)

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(const Mem*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem*, u8, u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IntFloatCompare(i64,double);
SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(const Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBooleanValue(Mem*, int ifNull);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem*,u8,u8);

/*
** The following routine implements the rough equivalent of localtime_r()
** using whatever operating-system specific localtime facility that
** is available.  This routine returns 0 on success and
** non-zero on any kind of error.
**
** If the sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault variable is non-zero then this
** routine will always fail.  If bLocaltimeFault is nonzero and
** sqlite3GlobalConfig.xAltLocaltime is not NULL, then xAltLocaltime() is
** invoked in place of the OS-defined localtime() function.
**
** EVIDENCE-OF: R-62172-00036 In this implementation, the standard C
** library function localtime_r() is used to assist in the calculation of
** local time.
*/
static int osLocaltime(time_t *t, struct tm *pTm){
  int rc;
#if !HAVE_LOCALTIME_R && !HAVE_LOCALTIME_S
  struct tm *pX;
#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
#endif
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
  pX = localtime(t);
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault ){
    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xAltLocaltime!=0
     && 0==sqlite3GlobalConfig.xAltLocaltime((const void*)t,(void*)pTm)
    ){
      pX = pTm;
    }else{
      pX = 0;
    }
  }
#endif
  if( pX ) *pTm = *pX;
#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
#endif
  rc = pX==0;
#else
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault ){
    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xAltLocaltime!=0 ){
      return sqlite3GlobalConfig.xAltLocaltime((const void*)t,(void*)pTm);
    }else{
      return 1;
    }
  }
#endif
#if HAVE_LOCALTIME_R
  rc = localtime_r(t, pTm)==0;
#else
  rc = localtime_s(pTm, t);
#endif /* HAVE_LOCALTIME_R */
#endif /* HAVE_LOCALTIME_R || HAVE_LOCALTIME_S */
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
/*
** Assuming the input DateTime is UTC, move it to its localtime equivalent.





*/
static int toLocaltime(
  DateTime *p,                   /* Date at which to calculate offset */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx          /* Write error here if one occurs */

){

  time_t t;
  struct tm sLocal;
  int iYearDiff;

  /* Initialize the contents of sLocal to avoid a compiler warning. */
  memset(&sLocal, 0, sizeof(sLocal));


  computeJD(p);
  if( p->iJD<21086676000*(i64)10000 /* 1970-01-01 */
   || p->iJD>21301414560*(i64)10000 /* 2038-01-18 */
  ){
    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55269-29598 The localtime_r() C function normally only
    ** works for years between 1970 and 2037. For dates outside this range,
    ** SQLite attempts to map the year into an equivalent year within this
    ** range, do the calculation, then map the year back.
    */
    DateTime x = *p;
    computeYMD_HMS(&x);
    iYearDiff = (2000 + x.Y%4) - x.Y;
    x.Y += iYearDiff;







    x.validJD = 0;
    computeJD(&x);
    t = (time_t)(x.iJD/1000 -  21086676*(i64)10000);
  }else{
    iYearDiff = 0;
    t = (time_t)(p->iJD/1000 -  21086676*(i64)10000);
  }
  if( osLocaltime(&t, &sLocal) ){
    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "local time unavailable", -1);

    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  p->Y = sLocal.tm_year + 1900 - iYearDiff;
  p->M = sLocal.tm_mon + 1;
  p->D = sLocal.tm_mday;
  p->h = sLocal.tm_hour;
  p->m = sLocal.tm_min;
  p->s = sLocal.tm_sec;
  p->validYMD = 1;
  p->validHMS = 1;
  p->validJD = 0;
  p->rawS = 0;
  p->validTZ = 0;
  p->isError = 0;

  return SQLITE_OK;

}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME */

/*
** The following table defines various date transformations of the form
**
**            'NNN days'
**
** Where NNN is an arbitrary floating-point number and "days" can be one
** of several units of time.
*/
static const struct {

  u8 nName;           /* Length of the name */
  char zName[7];      /* Name of the transformation */
  float rLimit;       /* Maximum NNN value for this transform */
  float rXform;       /* Constant used for this transform */
} aXformType[] = {
  { 6, "second", 4.6427e+14,       1.0  },
  { 6, "minute", 7.7379e+12,      60.0  },
  { 4, "hour",   1.2897e+11,    3600.0  },
  { 3, "day",    5373485.0,    86400.0  },
  { 5, "month",  176546.0,   2592000.0  },
  { 4, "year",   14713.0,   31536000.0  },
};

/*
** Process a modifier to a date-time stamp.  The modifiers are
** as follows:
**
**     NNN days

** to context pCtx. If the error is an unrecognized modifier, no error is
** written to pCtx.
*/
static int parseModifier(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Function context */
  const char *z,              /* The text of the modifier */
  int n,                      /* Length of zMod in bytes */
  DateTime *p,                /* The date/time value to be modified */
  int idx                     /* Parameter index of the modifier */
){
  int rc = 1;
  double r;
  switch(sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)z[0]] ){
    case 'a': {
      /*
      **    auto
      **
      ** If rawS is available, then interpret as a julian day number, or
      ** a unix timestamp, depending on its magnitude.
      */
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "auto")==0 ){
        if( idx>1 ) return 1; /* IMP: R-33611-57934 */
        if( !p->rawS || p->validJD ){
          rc = 0;
          p->rawS = 0;
        }else if( p->s>=-210866760000 && p->s<=253402300799 ){
          r = p->s*1000.0 + 210866760000000.0;
          clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
          p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r + 0.5);
          p->validJD = 1;
          p->rawS = 0;
          rc = 0;
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case 'j': {
      /*
      **    julianday
      **
      ** Always interpret the prior number as a julian-day value.  If this
      ** is not the first modifier, or if the prior argument is not a numeric
      ** value in the allowed range of julian day numbers understood by
      ** SQLite (0..5373484.5) then the result will be NULL.
      */
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "julianday")==0 ){
        if( idx>1 ) return 1;  /* IMP: R-31176-64601 */
        if( p->validJD && p->rawS ){
          rc = 0;
          p->rawS = 0;
        }
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
    case 'l': {
      /*    localtime
      **
      ** Assuming the current time value is UTC (a.k.a. GMT), shift it to
      ** show local time.
      */
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){

        rc = toLocaltime(p, pCtx);

      }
      break;
    }
#endif
    case 'u': {
      /*
      **    unixepoch
      **
      ** Treat the current value of p->s as the number of
      ** seconds since 1970.  Convert to a real julian day number.
      */
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "unixepoch")==0 && p->rawS ){
        if( idx>1 ) return 1;  /* IMP: R-49255-55373 */
        r = p->s*1000.0 + 210866760000000.0;
        if( r>=0.0 && r<464269060800000.0 ){
          clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
          p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r + 0.5);
          p->validJD = 1;
          p->rawS = 0;
          rc = 0;
        }
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
      else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
        if( p->tzSet==0 ){
          i64 iOrigJD;              /* Original localtime */
          i64 iGuess;               /* Guess at the corresponding utc time */
          int cnt = 0;              /* Safety to prevent infinite loop */
          int iErr;                 /* Guess is off by this much */

          computeJD(p);
          iGuess = iOrigJD = p->iJD;
          iErr = 0;
          do{
            DateTime new;
            memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
            iGuess -= iErr;
            new.iJD = iGuess;
            new.validJD = 1;
            rc = toLocaltime(&new, pCtx);
            if( rc ) return rc;
            computeJD(&new);
            iErr = new.iJD - iOrigJD;
          }while( iErr && cnt++<3 );
          memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
          p->iJD = iGuess;

          p->validJD = 1;

          p->tzSet = 1;


        }
        rc = SQLITE_OK;
      }
#endif
      break;
    }
    case 'w': {
      /*
      **    weekday N

      rc = 1;
      rRounder = r<0 ? -0.5 : +0.5;
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aXformType); i++){
        if( aXformType[i].nName==n
         && sqlite3_strnicmp(aXformType[i].zName, z, n)==0
         && r>-aXformType[i].rLimit && r<aXformType[i].rLimit
        ){
          switch( i ){
            case 4: { /* Special processing to add months */
              int x;
              assert( strcmp(aXformType[i].zName,"month")==0 );
              computeYMD_HMS(p);
              p->M += (int)r;
              x = p->M>0 ? (p->M-1)/12 : (p->M-12)/12;
              p->Y += x;
              p->M -= x*12;
              p->validJD = 0;
              r -= (int)r;
              break;
            }
            case 5: { /* Special processing to add years */
              int y = (int)r;
              assert( strcmp(aXformType[i].zName,"year")==0 );
              computeYMD_HMS(p);
              p->Y += y;
              p->validJD = 0;
              r -= (int)r;
              break;
            }
          }
          computeJD(p);
          p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)(r*1000.0*aXformType[i].rXform + rRounder);
          rc = 0;
          break;
        }
      }
      clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
      break;
    }

    if( !z || parseDateOrTime(context, (char*)z, p) ){
      return 1;
    }
  }
  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
    if( z==0 || parseModifier(context, (char*)z, n, p, i) ) return 1;
  }
  computeJD(p);
  if( p->isError || !validJulianDay(p->iJD) ) return 1;
  return 0;
}

){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    computeJD(&x);
    sqlite3_result_double(context, x.iJD/86400000.0);
  }
}

/*
**    unixepoch( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return the number of seconds (including fractional seconds) since
** the unix epoch of 1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT.
*/
static void unixepochFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    computeJD(&x);
    sqlite3_result_int64(context, x.iJD/1000 - 21086676*(i64)10000);
  }
}

/*
**    datetime( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
*/
static void datetimeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    int Y, s;
    char zBuf[24];
    computeYMD_HMS(&x);
    Y = x.Y;
    if( Y<0 ) Y = -Y;
    zBuf[1] = '0' + (Y/1000)%10;
    zBuf[2] = '0' + (Y/100)%10;
    zBuf[3] = '0' + (Y/10)%10;
    zBuf[4] = '0' + (Y)%10;
    zBuf[5] = '-';
    zBuf[6] = '0' + (x.M/10)%10;
    zBuf[7] = '0' + (x.M)%10;
    zBuf[8] = '-';
    zBuf[9] = '0' + (x.D/10)%10;
    zBuf[10] = '0' + (x.D)%10;
    zBuf[11] = ' ';
    zBuf[12] = '0' + (x.h/10)%10;
    zBuf[13] = '0' + (x.h)%10;
    zBuf[14] = ':';
    zBuf[15] = '0' + (x.m/10)%10;
    zBuf[16] = '0' + (x.m)%10;
    zBuf[17] = ':';
    s = (int)x.s;
    zBuf[18] = '0' + (s/10)%10;
    zBuf[19] = '0' + (s)%10;
    zBuf[20] = 0;
    if( x.Y<0 ){
      zBuf[0] = '-';
      sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, 20, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_text(context, &zBuf[1], 19, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    }
  }
}

/*
**    time( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return HH:MM:SS
*/
static void timeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    int s;
    char zBuf[16];
    computeHMS(&x);
    zBuf[0] = '0' + (x.h/10)%10;
    zBuf[1] = '0' + (x.h)%10;
    zBuf[2] = ':';
    zBuf[3] = '0' + (x.m/10)%10;
    zBuf[4] = '0' + (x.m)%10;
    zBuf[5] = ':';
    s = (int)x.s;
    zBuf[6] = '0' + (s/10)%10;
    zBuf[7] = '0' + (s)%10;
    zBuf[8] = 0;
    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, 8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
}

/*
**    date( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return YYYY-MM-DD
*/
static void dateFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    int Y;
    char zBuf[16];
    computeYMD(&x);
    Y = x.Y;
    if( Y<0 ) Y = -Y;
    zBuf[1] = '0' + (Y/1000)%10;
    zBuf[2] = '0' + (Y/100)%10;
    zBuf[3] = '0' + (Y/10)%10;
    zBuf[4] = '0' + (Y)%10;
    zBuf[5] = '-';
    zBuf[6] = '0' + (x.M/10)%10;
    zBuf[7] = '0' + (x.M)%10;
    zBuf[8] = '-';
    zBuf[9] = '0' + (x.D/10)%10;
    zBuf[10] = '0' + (x.D)%10;
    zBuf[11] = 0;
    if( x.Y<0 ){
      zBuf[0] = '-';
      sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, 11, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_text(context, &zBuf[1], 10, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    }
  }
}

/*
**    strftime( FORMAT, TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return a string described by FORMAT.  Conversions as follows:

** functions.  This should be the only routine in this file with
** external linkage.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void){
  static FuncDef aDateTimeFuncs[] = {
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
    PURE_DATE(julianday,        -1, 0, 0, juliandayFunc ),
    PURE_DATE(unixepoch,        -1, 0, 0, unixepochFunc ),
    PURE_DATE(date,             -1, 0, 0, dateFunc      ),
    PURE_DATE(time,             -1, 0, 0, timeFunc      ),
    PURE_DATE(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
    PURE_DATE(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
    DFUNCTION(current_time,      0, 0, 0, ctimeFunc     ),
    DFUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, 0, 0, ctimestampFunc),
    DFUNCTION(current_date,      0, 0, 0, cdateFunc     ),

}

/*
** Call this routine to record the fact that an OOM (out-of-memory) error
** has happened.  This routine will set db->mallocFailed, and also
** temporarily disable the lookaside memory allocator and interrupt
** any running VDBEs.
**
** Always return a NULL pointer so that this routine can be invoked using
**
**      return sqlite3OomFault(db);
**
** and thereby avoid unnecessary stack frame allocations for the overwhelmingly
** common case where no OOM occurs.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3 *db){
  if( db->mallocFailed==0 && db->bBenignMalloc==0 ){
    db->mallocFailed = 1;
    if( db->nVdbeExec>0 ){
      AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 1);
    }
    DisableLookaside;
    if( db->pParse ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(db->pParse, "out of memory");
      db->pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** This routine reactivates the memory allocator and clears the
** db->mallocFailed flag as necessary.
**
** The memory allocator is not restarted if there are running

        }
        if( needQuote ) bufpt[j++] = q;
        bufpt[j] = 0;
        length = j;
        goto adjust_width_for_utf8;
      }
      case etTOKEN: {

        if( (pAccum->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL)==0 ) return;
        if( flag_alternateform ){
          /* %#T means an Expr pointer that uses Expr.u.zToken */
          Expr *pExpr = va_arg(ap,Expr*);
          if( ALWAYS(pExpr) && ALWAYS(!ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_IntValue)) ){
            sqlite3_str_appendall(pAccum, (const char*)pExpr->u.zToken);
            sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pAccum->db, pExpr);
          }
        }else{
          /* %T means a Token pointer */
          Token *pToken = va_arg(ap, Token*);
          assert( bArgList==0 );
          if( pToken && pToken->n ){
            sqlite3_str_append(pAccum, (const char*)pToken->z, pToken->n);
            sqlite3RecordErrorByteOffset(pAccum->db, pToken->z);
          }
        }
        length = width = 0;
        break;
      }
      case etSRCITEM: {
        SrcItem *pItem;
        if( (pAccum->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL)==0 ) return;

    if( zExtra ){
      sqlite3DbFree(pAccum->db, zExtra);
      zExtra = 0;
    }
  }/* End for loop over the format string */
} /* End of function */


/*
** The z string points to the first character of a token that is
** associated with an error.  If db does not already have an error
** byte offset recorded, try to compute the error byte offset for
** z and set the error byte offset in db.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RecordErrorByteOffset(sqlite3 *db, const char *z){
  const Parse *pParse;
  const char *zText;
  const char *zEnd;
  assert( z!=0 );
  if( NEVER(db==0) ) return;
  if( db->errByteOffset!=(-2) ) return;
  pParse = db->pParse;
  if( NEVER(pParse==0) ) return;
  zText =pParse->zTail;
  if( NEVER(zText==0) ) return;
  zEnd = &zText[strlen(zText)];
  if( SQLITE_WITHIN(z,zText,zEnd) ){
    db->errByteOffset = (int)(z-zText);
  }
}

/*
** If pExpr has a byte offset for the start of a token, record that as
** as the error offset.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(sqlite3 *db, const Expr *pExpr){
  while( pExpr && (ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_FromJoin) || pExpr->w.iOfst<=0) ){
    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
  }
  if( pExpr==0 ) return;
  db->errByteOffset = pExpr->w.iOfst;
}

/*
** Enlarge the memory allocation on a StrAccum object so that it is
** able to accept at least N more bytes of text.
**
** Return the number of bytes of text that StrAccum is able to accept
** after the attempted enlargement.  The value returned might be zero.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum *p, int N){
  char *zNew;
  assert( p->nChar+(i64)N >= p->nAlloc ); /* Only called if really needed */
  if( p->accError ){
    testcase(p->accError==SQLITE_TOOBIG);
    testcase(p->accError==SQLITE_NOMEM);
    return 0;
  }

  }
  if( pExpr->flags || pExpr->affExpr || pExpr->vvaFlags ){
    StrAccum x;
    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zFlgs, sizeof(zFlgs), 0);
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " fg.af=%x.%c",
      pExpr->flags, pExpr->affExpr ? pExpr->affExpr : 'n');
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " iRJT=%d", pExpr->w.iRightJoinTable);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
    }
    if( ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_Immutable) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " IMMUTABLE");
    }

** Set the current error code to err_code and clear any prior error message.
** Also set iSysErrno (by calling sqlite3System) if the err_code indicates
** that would be appropriate.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Error(sqlite3 *db, int err_code){
  assert( db!=0 );
  db->errCode = err_code;
  if( err_code || db->pErr ){
    sqlite3ErrorFinish(db, err_code);
  }else{
    db->errByteOffset = -1;
  }
}

/*
** The equivalent of sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK).  Clear the error state
** and error message.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3 *db){
  assert( db!=0 );
  db->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
  db->errByteOffset = -1;
  if( db->pErr ) sqlite3ValueSetNull(db->pErr);
}

/*
** Load the sqlite3.iSysErrno field if that is an appropriate thing
** to do based on the SQLite error code in rc.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3 *db, int rc){
  if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) return;
  rc &= 0xff;
  if( rc==SQLITE_CANTOPEN || rc==SQLITE_IOERR ){
    db->iSysErrno = sqlite3OsGetLastError(db->pVfs);
  }
}

/*
** Set the most recent error code and error string for the sqlite
** handle "db". The error code is set to "err_code".
**
** If it is not NULL, string zFormat specifies the format of the









** error string.  zFormat and any string tokens that follow it are
** assumed to be encoded in UTF-8.
**
** To clear the most recent error for sqlite handle "db", sqlite3Error
** should be called with err_code set to SQLITE_OK and zFormat set
** to NULL.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3 *db, int err_code, const char *zFormat, ...){
  assert( db!=0 );

    va_end(ap);
    sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, z, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
  }
}

/*
** Add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and increment pParse->nErr.







**
** This function should be used to report any error that occurs while
** compiling an SQL statement (i.e. within sqlite3_prepare()). The
** last thing the sqlite3_prepare() function does is copy the error
** stored by this function into the database handle using sqlite3Error().
** Functions sqlite3Error() or sqlite3ErrorWithMsg() should be used
** during statement execution (sqlite3_step() etc.).
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
  char *zMsg;
  va_list ap;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  assert( db!=0 );
  assert( db->pParse==pParse );
  db->errByteOffset = -2;
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  zMsg = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( db->errByteOffset<-1 ) db->errByteOffset = -1;
  if( db->suppressErr ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zMsg);
    if( db->mallocFailed ){
      pParse->nErr++;
      pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
  }else{
    pParse->nErr++;
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
    pParse->zErrMsg = zMsg;
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    pParse->pWith = 0;
  }

    while( x>255 ){ y += 40; x >>= 4; }  /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
    while( x>15 ){  y += 10; x >>= 1; }
#endif
  }
  return a[x&7] + y - 10;
}


/*
** Convert a double into a LogEst
** In other words, compute an approximation for 10*log2(x).
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double x){
  u64 a;
  LogEst e;
  assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(a)==8 );
  if( x<=1 ) return 0;
  if( x<=2000000000 ) return sqlite3LogEst((u64)x);
  memcpy(&a, &x, 8);
  e = (a>>52) - 1022;
  return e*10;
}





/*
** Convert a LogEst into an integer.



*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst x){
  u64 n;
  n = x%10;
  x /= 10;
  if( n>=5 ) n -= 2;
  else if( n>=1 ) n -= 1;


  if( x>60 ) return (u64)LARGEST_INT64;





  return x>=3 ? (n+8)<<(x-3) : (n+8)>>(3-x);
}


/*
** Add a new name/number pair to a VList.  This might require that the
** VList object be reallocated, so return the new VList.  If an OOM
** error occurs, the original VList returned and the
** db->mallocFailed flag is set.
**

    /*  56 */ "Lt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<r[P1]"),
    /*  57 */ "Ge"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>=r[P1]"),
    /*  58 */ "ElseEq"           OpHelp(""),
    /*  59 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
    /*  60 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
    /*  61 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
    /*  62 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
    /*  63 */ "Filter"           OpHelp("if key(P3@P4) not in filter(P1) goto P2"),
    /*  64 */ "Init"             OpHelp("Start at P2"),
    /*  65 */ "PureFunc"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])"),
    /*  66 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])"),
    /*  67 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
    /*  68 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
    /*  69 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
    /*  70 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  71 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
    /*  72 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
    /*  73 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
    /*  74 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
    /*  75 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
    /*  76 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
    /*  77 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
    /*  78 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
    /*  79 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
    /*  80 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
    /*  81 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),


    /*  82 */ "FkCheck"          OpHelp(""),
    /*  83 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
    /*  84 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
    /*  85 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
    /*  86 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
    /*  87 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
    /*  88 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
    /*  89 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
    /*  90 */ "IsTrue"           OpHelp("r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4"),
    /*  91 */ "ZeroOrNull"       OpHelp("r[P2] = 0 OR NULL"),
    /*  92 */ "Offset"           OpHelp("r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)"),
    /*  93 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX"),
    /*  94 */ "TypeCheck"        OpHelp("typecheck(r[P1@P2])"),
    /*  95 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
    /*  96 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
    /*  97 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
    /*  98 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
    /*  99 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
    /* 100 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
    /* 101 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),

    /* 102 */ "BitAnd"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]"),
    /* 103 */ "BitOr"            OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2]"),
    /* 104 */ "ShiftLeft"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1]"),
    /* 105 */ "ShiftRight"       OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1]"),
    /* 106 */ "Add"              OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2]"),
    /* 107 */ "Subtract"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1]"),
    /* 108 */ "Multiply"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2]"),
    /* 109 */ "Divide"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]"),
    /* 110 */ "Remainder"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]"),
    /* 111 */ "Concat"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1]"),
    /* 112 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
    /* 113 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 114 */ "BitNot"           OpHelp("r[P2]= ~r[P1]"),
    /* 115 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
    /* 116 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
    /* 117 */ "String8"          OpHelp("r[P2]='P4'"),
    /* 118 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 119 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
    /* 120 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
    /* 121 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 122 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 123 */ "SeekScan"         OpHelp("Scan-ahead up to P1 rows"),
    /* 124 */ "SeekHit"          OpHelp("set P2<=seekHit<=P3"),
    /* 125 */ "Sequence"         OpHelp("r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++"),
    /* 126 */ "NewRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
    /* 127 */ "Insert"           OpHelp("intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]"),
    /* 128 */ "RowCell"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 129 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
    /* 130 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 131 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
    /* 132 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
    /* 133 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
    /* 134 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
    /* 135 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 136 */ "SeekEnd"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 137 */ "IdxInsert"        OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
    /* 138 */ "SorterInsert"     OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
    /* 139 */ "IdxDelete"        OpHelp("key=r[P2@P3]"),
    /* 140 */ "DeferredSeek"     OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed"),
    /* 141 */ "IdxRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
    /* 142 */ "FinishSeek"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 143 */ "Destroy"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 144 */ "Clear"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 145 */ "ResetSorter"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 146 */ "CreateBtree"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3"),
    /* 147 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 148 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 149 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
    /* 150 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
    /* 151 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),
    /* 152 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 153 */ "Real"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
    /* 154 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
    /* 155 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
    /* 156 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 157 */ "FkCounter"        OpHelp("fkctr[P1]+=P2"),
    /* 158 */ "MemMax"           OpHelp("r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])"),
    /* 159 */ "OffsetLimit"      OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1)"),
    /* 160 */ "AggInverse"       OpHelp("accum=r[P3] inverse(r[P2@P5])"),
    /* 161 */ "AggStep"          OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
    /* 162 */ "AggStep1"         OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
    /* 163 */ "AggValue"         OpHelp("r[P3]=value N=P2"),
    /* 164 */ "AggFinal"         OpHelp("accum=r[P1] N=P2"),
    /* 165 */ "Expire"           OpHelp(""),
    /* 166 */ "CursorLock"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 167 */ "CursorUnlock"     OpHelp(""),
    /* 168 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
    /* 169 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
    /* 170 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 171 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
    /* 172 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 173 */ "VInitIn"          OpHelp("r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)"),
    /* 174 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
    /* 175 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 176 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
    /* 177 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
    /* 178 */ "FilterAdd"        OpHelp("filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)"),
    /* 179 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
    /* 180 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
    /* 181 */ "ReleaseReg"       OpHelp("release r[P1@P2] mask P3"),
    /* 182 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
    /* 183 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
    /* 184 */ "Abortable"        OpHelp(""),
  };
  return azName[i];
}
#endif

/************** End of opcodes.c *********************************************/
/************** Begin file os_unix.c *****************************************/

** Function assertTruncateConstraint(pPager) checks that one of the
** following is true for all dirty pages currently in the page-cache:
**
**   a) The page number is less than or equal to the size of the
**      current database image, in pages, OR
**
**   b) if the page content were written at this time, it would not
**      be necessary to write the current content out to the sub-journal.

**
** If the condition asserted by this function were not true, and the
** dirty page were to be discarded from the cache via the pagerStress()
** routine, pagerStress() would not write the current page content to
** the database file. If a savepoint transaction were rolled back after
** this happened, the correct behavior would be to restore the current
** content of the page. However, since this content is not present in either
** the database file or the portion of the rollback journal and
** sub-journal rolled back the content could not be restored and the
** database image would become corrupt. It is therefore fortunate that
** this circumstance cannot arise.
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
static void assertTruncateConstraintCb(PgHdr *pPg){
  Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
  assert( pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY );
  if( pPg->pgno>pPager->dbSize ){      /* if (a) is false */
    Pgno pgno = pPg->pgno;
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pPg->pPager->nSavepoint; i++){
      PagerSavepoint *p = &pPager->aSavepoint[i];
      assert( p->nOrig<pgno || sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(p->pInSavepoint,pgno) );
    }
  }
}
static void assertTruncateConstraint(Pager *pPager){
  sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(pPager->pPCache, assertTruncateConstraintCb);
}
#else
# define assertTruncateConstraint(pPager)
#endif

** This function is only called right before committing a transaction.
** Once this function has been called, the transaction must either be
** rolled back or committed. It is not safe to call this function and
** then continue writing to the database.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
  assert( pPager->dbSize>=nPage || CORRUPT_DB );

  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD );
  pPager->dbSize = nPage;

  /* At one point the code here called assertTruncateConstraint() to
  ** ensure that all pages being truncated away by this operation are,
  ** if one or more savepoints are open, present in the savepoint
  ** journal so that they can be restored if the savepoint is rolled

      **
      ** If the journal does not exist, it usually means that some
      ** other connection managed to get in and roll it back before
      ** this connection obtained the exclusive lock above. Or, it
      ** may mean that the pager was in the error-state when this
      ** function was called and the journal file does not exist.
      */
      if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF ){
        sqlite3_vfs * const pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
        int bExists;              /* True if journal file exists */
        rc = sqlite3OsAccess(
            pVfs, pPager->zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &bExists);
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bExists ){
          int fout = 0;
          int f = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;

*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGet(
  Pager *pPager,      /* The pager open on the database file */
  Pgno pgno,          /* Page number to fetch */
  DbPage **ppPage,    /* Write a pointer to the page here */
  int flags           /* PAGER_GET_XXX flags */
){
  /* printf("PAGE %u\n", pgno); fflush(stdout); */
  return pPager->xGet(pPager, pgno, ppPage, flags);
}

/*
** Acquire a page if it is already in the in-memory cache.  Do
** not read the page from disk.  Return a pointer to the page,
** or 0 if the page is not in cache.

**
** The returned indicate the current (possibly updated) journal-mode.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
  u8 eOld = pPager->journalMode;    /* Prior journalmode */

  /* The eMode parameter is always valid */
  assert(      eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE    /* 0 */
            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST   /* 1 */
            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF       /* 2 */
            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE  /* 3 */
            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY    /* 4 */
            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL       /* 5 */ );

  /* This routine is only called from the OP_JournalMode opcode, and
  ** the logic there will never allow a temporary file to be changed
  ** to WAL mode.
  */
  assert( pPager->tempFile==0 || eMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL );

    assert( (PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE & 5)==0 );
    assert( (PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY & 5)==4 );
    assert( (PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF & 5)==0 );
    assert( (PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL & 5)==5 );

    assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->exclusiveMode );
    if( !pPager->exclusiveMode && (eOld & 5)==1 && (eMode & 1)==0 ){

      /* In this case we would like to delete the journal file. If it is
      ** not possible, then that is not a problem. Deleting the journal file
      ** here is an optimization only.
      **
      ** Before deleting the journal file, obtain a RESERVED lock on the
      ** database file. This ensures that the journal file is not deleted
      ** while it is in use by some other client.

  Pager *pPager,                  /* Checkpoint on this pager */
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Db handle used to check for interrupts */
  int eMode,                      /* Type of checkpoint */
  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Final number of frames in log */
  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Final number of checkpointed frames */
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  if( pPager->pWal==0 && pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ){
    /* This only happens when a database file is zero bytes in size opened and
    ** then "PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL" is run and then sqlite3_wal_checkpoint()
    ** is invoked without any intervening transactions.  We need to start
    ** a transaction to initialize pWal.  The PRAGMA table_list statement is
    ** used for this since it starts transactions on every database file,
    ** including all ATTACHed databases.  This seems expensive for a single
    ** sqlite3_wal_checkpoint() call, but it happens very rarely.
    ** https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/fd0f19d229156939
    */
    sqlite3_exec(db, "PRAGMA table_list",0,0,0);
  }
  if( pPager->pWal ){
    rc = sqlite3WalCheckpoint(pPager->pWal, db, eMode,
        (eMode==SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ? 0 : pPager->xBusyHandler),
        pPager->pBusyHandlerArg,
        pPager->walSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize, (u8 *)pPager->pTmpSpace,
        pnLog, pnCkpt
    );

    ** Return WAL_RETRY which will cause the in-memory WAL-index to be
    ** rebuilt. */
    rc = WAL_RETRY;
    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
  }

  /* Allocate a buffer to read frames into */
  assert( (pWal->szPage & (pWal->szPage-1))==0 );
  assert( pWal->szPage>=512 && pWal->szPage<=65536 );
  szFrame = pWal->szPage + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
  aFrame = (u8 *)sqlite3_malloc64(szFrame);
  if( aFrame==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
  }
  aData = &aFrame[WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE];

  /* Check to see if a complete transaction has been appended to the
  ** wal file since the heap-memory wal-index was created. If so, the
  ** heap-memory wal-index is discarded and WAL_RETRY returned to
  ** the caller.  */
  aSaveCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
  aSaveCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
  for(iOffset=walFrameOffset(pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1, pWal->szPage);
      iOffset+szFrame<=szWal;
      iOffset+=szFrame
  ){
    u32 pgno;                   /* Database page number for frame */
    u32 nTruncate;              /* dbsize field from frame header */

    /* Read and decode the next log frame. */

  }
  pIter++;

  /* The next block of code is equivalent to:
  **
  **     pIter += getVarint(pIter, (u64*)&pInfo->nKey);
  **
  ** The code is inlined and the loop is unrolled for performance.
  ** This routine is a high-runner.
  */
  iKey = *pIter;
  if( iKey>=0x80 ){
    u8 x;
    iKey = ((iKey&0x7f)<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);

    if( x>=0x80 ){
      iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x =*++pIter) & 0x7f);
      if( x>=0x80 ){
        iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
        if( x>=0x80 ){
          iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
          if( x>=0x80 ){
            iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
            if( x>=0x80 ){
              iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
              if( x>=0x80 ){
                iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
                if( x>=0x80 ){
                  iKey = (iKey<<8) | (*++pIter);

                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  pIter++;

  pInfo->nKey = *(i64*)&iKey;
  pInfo->nPayload = nPayload;
  pInfo->pPayload = pIter;
  testcase( nPayload==pPage->maxLocal );
  testcase( nPayload==(u32)pPage->maxLocal+1 );
  if( nPayload<=pPage->maxLocal ){
    /* This is the (easy) common case where the entire payload fits
    ** on the local page.  No overflow is required.
    */
    pInfo->nSize = nPayload + (u16)(pIter - pCell);
    if( pInfo->nSize<4 ) pInfo->nSize = 4;
    pInfo->nLocal = (u16)nPayload;

    }while( *(pIter)>=0x80 && pIter<pEnd );
  }
  pIter++;
  pInfo->nKey = nPayload;
  pInfo->nPayload = nPayload;
  pInfo->pPayload = pIter;
  testcase( nPayload==pPage->maxLocal );
  testcase( nPayload==(u32)pPage->maxLocal+1 );
  if( nPayload<=pPage->maxLocal ){
    /* This is the (easy) common case where the entire payload fits
    ** on the local page.  No overflow is required.
    */
    pInfo->nSize = nPayload + (u16)(pIter - pCell);
    if( pInfo->nSize<4 ) pInfo->nSize = 4;
    pInfo->nLocal = (u16)nPayload;

    /* pIter now points at the 64-bit integer key value, a variable length
    ** integer. The following block moves pIter to point at the first byte
    ** past the end of the key value. */
    pEnd = &pIter[9];
    while( (*pIter++)&0x80 && pIter<pEnd );
  }
  testcase( nSize==pPage->maxLocal );
  testcase( nSize==(u32)pPage->maxLocal+1 );
  if( nSize<=pPage->maxLocal ){
    nSize += (u32)(pIter - pCell);
    if( nSize<4 ) nSize = 4;
  }else{
    int minLocal = pPage->minLocal;
    nSize = minLocal + (nSize - minLocal) % (pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4);
    testcase( nSize==pPage->maxLocal );
    testcase( nSize==(u32)pPage->maxLocal+1 );
    if( nSize>pPage->maxLocal ){
      nSize = minLocal;
    }
    nSize += 4 + (u16)(pIter - pCell);
  }
  assert( nSize==debuginfo.nSize || CORRUPT_DB );
  return (u16)nSize;

        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
      }
      iPtr = iFreeBlk;
    }
    if( iFreeBlk>pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 ){ /* TH3: corrupt081.100 */
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
    }
    assert( iFreeBlk>iPtr || iFreeBlk==0 || CORRUPT_DB );

    /* At this point:
    **    iFreeBlk:   First freeblock after iStart, or zero if none
    **    iPtr:       The address of a pointer to iFreeBlk
    **
    ** Check to see if iFreeBlk should be coalesced onto the end of iStart.
    */

}

/*
** Make sure pBt->pTmpSpace points to an allocation of
** MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) bytes with a 4-byte prefix for a left-child
** pointer.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int allocateTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
  assert( pBt!=0 );
  assert( pBt->pTmpSpace==0 );
  /* This routine is called only by btreeCursor() when allocating the
  ** first write cursor for the BtShared object */
  assert( pBt->pCursor!=0 && (pBt->pCursor->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag)!=0 );
  pBt->pTmpSpace = sqlite3PageMalloc( pBt->pageSize );
  if( pBt->pTmpSpace==0 ){
    BtCursor *pCur = pBt->pCursor;
    pBt->pCursor = pCur->pNext;  /* Unlink the cursor */
    memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  }

  /* One of the uses of pBt->pTmpSpace is to format cells before
  ** inserting them into a leaf page (function fillInCell()). If
  ** a cell is less than 4 bytes in size, it is rounded up to 4 bytes
  ** by the various routines that manipulate binary cells. Which
  ** can mean that fillInCell() only initializes the first 2 or 3
  ** bytes of pTmpSpace, but that the first 4 bytes are copied from
  ** it into a database page. This is not actually a problem, but it
  ** does cause a valgrind error when the 1 or 2 bytes of unitialized
  ** data is passed to system call write(). So to avoid this error,
  ** zero the first 4 bytes of temp space here.
  **
  ** Also:  Provide four bytes of initialized space before the
  ** beginning of pTmpSpace as an area available to prepend the
  ** left-child pointer to the beginning of a cell.
  */

  memset(pBt->pTmpSpace, 0, 8);
  pBt->pTmpSpace += 4;


  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Free the pBt->pTmpSpace allocation
*/
static void freeTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
  if( pBt->pTmpSpace ){

      pBt->usableSize = usableSize;
      pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
      freeTempSpace(pBt);
      rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize,
                                   pageSize-usableSize);
      return rc;
    }
    if( nPage>nPageFile ){
      if( sqlite3WritableSchema(pBt->db)==0 ){
        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
        goto page1_init_failed;
      }else{
        nPage = nPageFile;
      }
    }
    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28312-64704 However, the usable size is not allowed to
    ** be less than 480. In other words, if the page size is 512, then the
    ** reserved space size cannot exceed 32. */
    if( usableSize<480 ){
      goto page1_init_failed;
    }

** Set the pBt->nPage field correctly, according to the current
** state of the database.  Assume pBt->pPage1 is valid.
*/
static void btreeSetNPage(BtShared *pBt, MemPage *pPage1){
  int nPage = get4byte(&pPage1->aData[28]);
  testcase( nPage==0 );
  if( nPage==0 ) sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
  testcase( pBt->nPage!=(u32)nPage );
  pBt->nPage = nPage;
}

/*
** Rollback the transaction in progress.
**
** If tripCode is not SQLITE_OK then cursors will be invalidated (tripped).

  /* Assert that the caller has opened the required transaction. */
  assert( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE );
  assert( wrFlag==0 || p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
  assert( pBt->pPage1 && pBt->pPage1->aData );
  assert( wrFlag==0 || (pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)==0 );





  if( iTable<=1 ){
    if( iTable<1 ){
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    }else if( btreePagecount(pBt)==0 ){
      assert( wrFlag==0 );
      iTable = 0;
    }
  }

  /* Now that no other errors can occur, finish filling in the BtCursor
  ** variables and link the cursor into the BtShared list.  */
  pCur->pgnoRoot = iTable;
  pCur->iPage = -1;
  pCur->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
  pCur->pBtree = p;
  pCur->pBt = pBt;
  pCur->curFlags = 0;

  /* If there are two or more cursors on the same btree, then all such
  ** cursors *must* have the BTCF_Multiple flag set. */
  for(pX=pBt->pCursor; pX; pX=pX->pNext){
    if( pX->pgnoRoot==iTable ){
      pX->curFlags |= BTCF_Multiple;
      pCur->curFlags = BTCF_Multiple;
    }
  }
  pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
  pCur->pNext = pBt->pCursor;
  pBt->pCursor = pCur;
  if( wrFlag ){
    pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_WriteFlag;
    pCur->curPagerFlags = 0;
    if( pBt->pTmpSpace==0 ) return allocateTempSpace(pBt);
  }else{
    pCur->curPagerFlags = PAGER_GET_READONLY;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
static int btreeCursorWithLock(
  Btree *p,                              /* The btree */
  Pgno iTable,                           /* Root page of table to open */
  int wrFlag,                            /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,              /* First arg to comparison function */

  if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
    if( pCur->iPage ){
      releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
      while( --pCur->iPage ){
        releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
      }
      pRoot = pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[0];
      goto skip_init;
    }
  }else if( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 ){
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
    return SQLITE_EMPTY;
  }else{
    assert( pCur->iPage==(-1) );

  }

skip_init:
  pCur->ix = 0;
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);


  if( pRoot->nCell>0 ){
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
  }else if( !pRoot->leaf ){
    Pgno subpage;
    if( pRoot->pgno!=1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    subpage = get4byte(&pRoot->aData[pRoot->hdrOffset+8]);
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;

    ** a moveToChild() or moveToRoot() call would have detected corruption.  */
    assert( pPage->nCell>0 );
    assert( pPage->intKey );
    lwr = 0;
    upr = pPage->nCell-1;
    assert( biasRight==0 || biasRight==1 );
    idx = upr>>(1-biasRight); /* idx = biasRight ? upr : (lwr+upr)/2; */

    for(;;){
      i64 nCellKey;
      pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);
      if( pPage->intKeyLeaf ){
        while( 0x80 <= *(pCell++) ){
          if( pCell>=pPage->aDataEnd ){
            return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);

    ** be the right kind (index or table) of b-tree page. Otherwise
    ** a moveToChild() or moveToRoot() call would have detected corruption.  */
    assert( pPage->nCell>0 );
    assert( pPage->intKey==(pIdxKey==0) );
    lwr = 0;
    upr = pPage->nCell-1;
    idx = upr>>1; /* idx = (lwr+upr)/2; */

    for(;;){
      int nCell;  /* Size of the pCell cell in bytes */
      pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);

      /* The maximum supported page-size is 65536 bytes. This means that
      ** the maximum number of record bytes stored on an index B-Tree
      ** page is less than 16384 bytes and may be stored as a 2-byte

  int rc;                             /* Return Code */
  u32 nFree;                          /* Initial number of pages on free-list */

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || iPage>1 );
  assert( !pMemPage || pMemPage->pgno==iPage );

  if( iPage<2 || iPage>pBt->nPage ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  if( pMemPage ){
    pPage = pMemPage;
    sqlite3PagerRef(pPage->pDbPage);
  }else{
    pPage = btreePageLookup(pBt, iPage);

  u32 pc;         /* Offset to cell content of cell being deleted */
  u8 *data;       /* pPage->aData */
  u8 *ptr;        /* Used to move bytes around within data[] */
  int rc;         /* The return code */
  int hdr;        /* Beginning of the header.  0 most pages.  100 page 1 */

  if( *pRC ) return;
  assert( idx>=0 );
  assert( idx<pPage->nCell );
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || sz==cellSize(pPage, idx) );
  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( pPage->nFree>=0 );
  data = pPage->aData;
  ptr = &pPage->aCellIdx[2*idx];
  assert( pPage->pBt->usableSize > (u32)(ptr-data) );
  pc = get2byte(ptr);
  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
#if 0  /* Not required.  Omit for efficiency */
  if( pc<hdr+pPage->nCell*2 ){
    *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    return;
  }
#endif
  testcase( pc==(u32)get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) );
  testcase( pc+sz==pPage->pBt->usableSize );
  if( pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
    *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    return;
  }
  rc = freeSpace(pPage, pc, sz);
  if( rc ){

  u8 *pTmp = sqlite3PagerTempSpace(pPg->pBt->pPager);
  u8 *pData;
  int k;                          /* Current slot in pCArray->apEnd[] */
  u8 *pSrcEnd;                    /* Current pCArray->apEnd[k] value */

  assert( i<iEnd );
  j = get2byte(&aData[hdr+5]);
  if( j>(u32)usableSize ){ j = 0; }
  memcpy(&pTmp[j], &aData[j], usableSize - j);

  for(k=0; pCArray->ixNx[k]<=i && ALWAYS(k<NB*2); k++){}
  pSrcEnd = pCArray->apEnd[k];

  pData = pEnd;
  while( 1/*exit by break*/ ){

    int nTail = pageFreeArray(pPg, iNewEnd, iOldEnd - iNewEnd, pCArray);
    assert( nCell>=nTail );
    nCell -= nTail;
  }

  pData = &aData[get2byteNotZero(&aData[hdr+5])];
  if( pData<pBegin ) goto editpage_fail;
  if( pData>pPg->aDataEnd ) goto editpage_fail;

  /* Add cells to the start of the page */
  if( iNew<iOld ){
    int nAdd = MIN(nNew,iOld-iNew);
    assert( (iOld-iNew)<nNew || nCell==0 || CORRUPT_DB );
    assert( nAdd>=0 );
    pCellptr = pPg->aCellIdx;

** operation on non-FORDELETE cursors is tagged with the AUXDELETE flag.
** The BTREE_AUXDELETE bit is a hint that is not used by this implementation,
** but which might be used by alternative storage engines.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
  Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;
  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
  int rc;                    /* Return code */
  MemPage *pPage;            /* Page to delete cell from */
  unsigned char *pCell;      /* Pointer to cell to delete */
  int iCellIdx;              /* Index of cell to delete */
  int iCellDepth;            /* Depth of node containing pCell */
  CellInfo info;             /* Size of the cell being deleted */

  u8 bPreserve;              /* Keep cursor valid.  2 for CURSOR_SKIPNEXT */

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
  assert( (pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)==0 );
  assert( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag );
  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
  assert( !hasReadConflicts(p, pCur->pgnoRoot) );
  assert( (flags & ~(BTREE_SAVEPOSITION | BTREE_AUXDELETE))==0 );
  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
    rc = btreeRestoreCursorPosition(pCur);
    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || CORRUPT_DB || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
    if( rc || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return rc;
  }
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );

  iCellDepth = pCur->iPage;
  iCellIdx = pCur->ix;
  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  if( pPage->nCell<=iCellIdx ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);
  if( pPage->nFree<0 && btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage) ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }

  /* If the BTREE_SAVEPOSITION bit is on, then the cursor position must
  ** be preserved following this delete operation. If the current delete
  ** will cause a b-tree rebalance, then this is done by saving the cursor
  ** key and leaving the cursor in CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK state before
  ** returning.
  **
  ** If the current delete will not cause a rebalance, then the cursor
  ** will be left in CURSOR_SKIPNEXT state pointing to the entry immediately
  ** before or after the deleted entry.
  **
  ** The bPreserve value records which path is required:
  **
  **    bPreserve==0         Not necessary to save the cursor position
  **    bPreserve==1         Use CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK to save the cursor position
  **    bPreserve==2         Cursor won't move.  Set CURSOR_SKIPNEXT.
  */
  bPreserve = (flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION)!=0;
  if( bPreserve ){
    if( !pPage->leaf
     || (pPage->nFree+cellSizePtr(pPage,pCell)+2)>(int)(pBt->usableSize*2/3)
     || pPage->nCell==1  /* See dbfuzz001.test for a test case */
    ){
      /* A b-tree rebalance will be required after deleting this entry.
      ** Save the cursor key.  */
      rc = saveCursorKey(pCur);
      if( rc ) return rc;
    }else{
      bPreserve = 2;
    }
  }

  /* If the page containing the entry to delete is not a leaf page, move
  ** the cursor to the largest entry in the tree that is smaller than
  ** the entry being deleted. This cell will replace the cell being deleted
  ** from the internal node. The 'previous' entry is used for this instead

      releasePage(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
    }
    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
    rc = balance(pCur);
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( bPreserve>1 ){
      assert( (pCur->iPage==iCellDepth || CORRUPT_DB) );
      assert( pPage==pCur->pPage || CORRUPT_DB );
      assert( (pPage->nCell>0 || CORRUPT_DB) && iCellIdx<=pPage->nCell );
      pCur->eState = CURSOR_SKIPNEXT;
      if( iCellIdx>=pPage->nCell ){
        pCur->skipNext = -1;
        pCur->ix = pPage->nCell-1;
      }else{

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
  if( pgno>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pgno, &pPage, 0, 0);
  if( rc ) return rc;
  if( (pBt->openFlags & BTREE_SINGLE)==0
   && sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pPage->pDbPage) != (1 + (pgno==1))
  ){
    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    goto cleardatabasepage_out;
  }
  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
  for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
    pCell = findCell(pPage, i);

*/
static Btree *findBtree(sqlite3 *pErrorDb, sqlite3 *pDb, const char *zDb){
  int i = sqlite3FindDbName(pDb, zDb);

  if( i==1 ){
    Parse sParse;
    int rc = 0;
    sqlite3ParseObjectInit(&sParse,pDb);

    if( sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(&sParse) ){
      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(pErrorDb, sParse.rc, "%s", sParse.zErrMsg);
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(pErrorDb, sParse.zErrMsg);
    sqlite3ParseObjectReset(&sParse);
    if( rc ){
      return 0;
    }
  }

  if( i<0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(pErrorDb, SQLITE_ERROR, "unknown database %s", zDb);

** a floating-point then the value returned is the integer part.
** If pMem is a string or blob, then we make an attempt to convert
** it into an integer and return that.  If pMem represents an
** an SQL-NULL value, return 0.
**
** If pMem represents a string value, its encoding might be changed.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE i64 memIntValue(const Mem *pMem){
  i64 value = 0;
  sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &value, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
  return value;
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(const Mem *pMem){
  int flags;
  assert( pMem!=0 );
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
  flags = pMem->flags;
  if( flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
    testcase( flags & MEM_IntReal );

  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
  int negInt = 1;
  const char *zNeg = "";
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  assert( pExpr!=0 );
  while( (op = pExpr->op)==TK_UPLUS || op==TK_SPAN ) pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;

  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;




  /* Compressed expressions only appear when parsing the DEFAULT clause
  ** on a table column definition, and hence only when pCtx==0.  This
  ** check ensures that an EP_TokenOnly expression is never passed down
  ** into valueFromFunction(). */
  assert( (pExpr->flags & EP_TokenOnly)==0 || pCtx==0 );

** Change the comment on the most recently coded instruction.  Or
** insert a No-op and add the comment to that new instruction.  This
** makes the code easier to read during debugging.  None of this happens
** in a production build.
*/
static void vdbeVComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->pParse->nErr>0 );

  if( p->nOp ){
    assert( p->aOp );
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment);
    p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
  }
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){

** Close a VDBE cursor and release all the resources that cursor
** happens to hold.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *p, VdbeCursor *pCx){
  if( pCx==0 ){
    return;
  }


  switch( pCx->eCurType ){
    case CURTYPE_SORTER: {
      sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(p->db, pCx);
      break;
    }
    case CURTYPE_BTREE: {
      assert( pCx->uc.pCursor!=0 );

    sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, p->zErrMsg, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
    db->bBenignMalloc--;
  }else if( db->pErr ){
    sqlite3ValueSetNull(db->pErr);
  }
  db->errCode = rc;
  db->errByteOffset = -1;
  return rc;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
/*
** If an SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG hook is registered and the VM has been run,
** invoke it.

*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor **pp, u32 *piCol){
  VdbeCursor *p = *pp;
  assert( p->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE || p->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO );
  if( p->deferredMoveto ){
    u32 iMap;
    assert( !p->isEphemeral );
    if( p->ub.aAltMap && (iMap = p->ub.aAltMap[1+*piCol])>0 && !p->nullRow ){
      *pp = p->pAltCursor;
      *piCol = iMap - 1;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    return sqlite3VdbeFinishMoveto(p);
  }
  if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->uc.pCursor) ){

#define TWO_BYTE_INT(x)    (256*(i8)((x)[0])|(x)[1])
#define THREE_BYTE_INT(x)  (65536*(i8)((x)[0])|((x)[1]<<8)|(x)[2])
#define FOUR_BYTE_UINT(x)  (((u32)(x)[0]<<24)|((x)[1]<<16)|((x)[2]<<8)|(x)[3])
#define FOUR_BYTE_INT(x) (16777216*(i8)((x)[0])|((x)[1]<<16)|((x)[2]<<8)|(x)[3])

/*
** Deserialize the data blob pointed to by buf as serial type serial_type
** and store the result in pMem.
**
** This function is implemented as two separate routines for performance.
** The few cases that require local variables are broken out into a separate
** routine so that in most cases the overhead of moving the stack pointer
** is avoided.
*/
static void serialGet(
  const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
  u32 serial_type,              /* Serial type to deserialize */
  Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
){
  u64 x = FOUR_BYTE_UINT(buf);
  u32 y = FOUR_BYTE_UINT(buf+4);
  x = (x<<32) + y;

    assert( sizeof(r1)==sizeof(t2) && memcmp(&r1, &t2, sizeof(r1))==0 );
#endif
    assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(pMem->u.r)==8 );
    swapMixedEndianFloat(x);
    memcpy(&pMem->u.r, &x, sizeof(x));
    pMem->flags = IsNaN(x) ? MEM_Null : MEM_Real;
  }

}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(
  const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
  u32 serial_type,              /* Serial type to deserialize */
  Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
){
  switch( serial_type ){
    case 10: { /* Internal use only: NULL with virtual table
               ** UPDATE no-change flag set */
      pMem->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Zero;
      pMem->n = 0;
      pMem->u.nZero = 0;
      return;
    }
    case 11:   /* Reserved for future use */
    case 0: {  /* Null */
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24078-09375 Value is a NULL. */
      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
      return;
    }
    case 1: {
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-44885-25196 Value is an 8-bit twos-complement
      ** integer. */
      pMem->u.i = ONE_BYTE_INT(buf);
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      testcase( pMem->u.i<0 );
      return;
    }
    case 2: { /* 2-byte signed integer */
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-49794-35026 Value is a big-endian 16-bit
      ** twos-complement integer. */
      pMem->u.i = TWO_BYTE_INT(buf);
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      testcase( pMem->u.i<0 );
      return;
    }
    case 3: { /* 3-byte signed integer */
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37839-54301 Value is a big-endian 24-bit
      ** twos-complement integer. */
      pMem->u.i = THREE_BYTE_INT(buf);
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      testcase( pMem->u.i<0 );
      return;
    }
    case 4: { /* 4-byte signed integer */
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-01849-26079 Value is a big-endian 32-bit
      ** twos-complement integer. */
      pMem->u.i = FOUR_BYTE_INT(buf);
#ifdef __HP_cc
      /* Work around a sign-extension bug in the HP compiler for HP/UX */
      if( buf[0]&0x80 ) pMem->u.i |= 0xffffffff80000000LL;
#endif
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      testcase( pMem->u.i<0 );
      return;
    }
    case 5: { /* 6-byte signed integer */
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-50385-09674 Value is a big-endian 48-bit
      ** twos-complement integer. */
      pMem->u.i = FOUR_BYTE_UINT(buf+2) + (((i64)1)<<32)*TWO_BYTE_INT(buf);
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      testcase( pMem->u.i<0 );
      return;
    }
    case 6:   /* 8-byte signed integer */
    case 7: { /* IEEE floating point */
      /* These use local variables, so do them in a separate routine
      ** to avoid having to move the frame pointer in the common case */
      serialGet(buf,serial_type,pMem);
      return;
    }
    case 8:    /* Integer 0 */
    case 9: {  /* Integer 1 */
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-12976-22893 Value is the integer 0. */
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-18143-12121 Value is the integer 1. */
      pMem->u.i = serial_type-8;
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      return;
    }
    default: {
      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-14606-31564 Value is a BLOB that is (N-12)/2 bytes in
      ** length.
      ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-28401-00140 Value is a string in the text encoding and
      ** (N-13)/2 bytes in length. */
      static const u16 aFlag[] = { MEM_Blob|MEM_Ephem, MEM_Str|MEM_Ephem };
      pMem->z = (char *)buf;
      pMem->n = (serial_type-12)/2;
      pMem->flags = aFlag[serial_type&1];
      return;
    }
  }
  return;
}
/*
** This routine is used to allocate sufficient space for an UnpackedRecord
** structure large enough to be used with sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack() if
** the first argument is a pointer to KeyInfo structure pKeyInfo.
**
** The space is either allocated using sqlite3DbMallocRaw() or from within

    idx += getVarint32(&aKey[idx], serial_type);
    pMem->enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
    pMem->db = pKeyInfo->db;
    /* pMem->flags = 0; // sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() will set this for us */
    pMem->szMalloc = 0;
    pMem->z = 0;
    sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey[d], serial_type, pMem);
    d += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type);
    pMem++;
    if( (++u)>=p->nField ) break;
  }
  if( d>(u32)nKey && u ){
    assert( CORRUPT_DB );
    /* In a corrupt record entry, the last pMem might have been set up using
    ** uninitialized memory. Overwrite its value with NULL, to prevent

     && d1+(u64)sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type1)>(u64)nKey1
    ){
      break;
    }

    /* Extract the values to be compared.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type1, &mem1);
    d1 += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type1);

    /* Do the comparison
    */
    rc = sqlite3MemCompare(&mem1, &pPKey2->aMem[i],
                           pKeyInfo->nAllField>i ? pKeyInfo->aColl[i] : 0);
    if( rc!=0 ){
      assert( mem1.szMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */

  if( rc ){
    return rc;
  }

  /* The index entry must begin with a header size */
  getVarint32NR((u8*)m.z, szHdr);
  testcase( szHdr==3 );
  testcase( szHdr==(u32)m.n );
  testcase( szHdr>0x7fffffff );
  assert( m.n>=0 );
  if( unlikely(szHdr<3 || szHdr>(unsigned)m.n) ){
    goto idx_rowid_corruption;
  }

  /* The last field of the index should be an integer - the ROWID.

** performance by substituting a NULL result, or some other light-weight
** value, as a signal to the xUpdate routine that the column is unchanged.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context *p){
  assert( p );
  return sqlite3_value_nochange(p->pOut);
}

/*
** Implementation of sqlite3_vtab_in_first() (if bNext==0) and
** sqlite3_vtab_in_next() (if bNext!=0).
*/
static int valueFromValueList(
  sqlite3_value *pVal,        /* Pointer to the ValueList object */
  sqlite3_value **ppOut,      /* Store the next value from the list here */
  int bNext                   /* 1 for _next(). 0 for _first() */
){
  int rc;
  ValueList *pRhs;

  *ppOut = 0;
  if( pVal==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  pRhs = (ValueList*)sqlite3_value_pointer(pVal, "ValueList");
  if( pRhs==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  if( bNext ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pRhs->pCsr, 0);
  }else{
    int dummy = 0;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pRhs->pCsr, &dummy);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || sqlite3BtreeEof(pRhs->pCsr) );
    if( sqlite3BtreeEof(pRhs->pCsr) ) rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    u32 sz;       /* Size of current row in bytes */
    Mem sMem;     /* Raw content of current row */
    memset(&sMem, 0, sizeof(sMem));
    sz = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pRhs->pCsr);
    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(pRhs->pCsr,(int)sz,&sMem);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      u8 *zBuf = (u8*)sMem.z;
      u32 iSerial;
      sqlite3_value *pOut = pRhs->pOut;
      int iOff = 1 + getVarint32(&zBuf[1], iSerial);
      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&zBuf[iOff], iSerial, pOut);
      pOut->enc = ENC(pOut->db);
      if( (pOut->flags & MEM_Ephem)!=0 && sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pOut) ){
        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }else{
        *ppOut = pOut;
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Set the iterator value pVal to point to the first value in the set.
** Set (*ppOut) to point to this value before returning.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_first(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut){
  return valueFromValueList(pVal, ppOut, 0);
}

/*
** Set the iterator value pVal to point to the next value in the set.
** Set (*ppOut) to point to this value before returning.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_next(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut){
  return valueFromValueList(pVal, ppOut, 1);
}

/*
** Return the current time for a statement.  If the current time
** is requested more than once within the same run of a single prepared
** statement, the exact same time is returned for each invocation regardless
** of the amount of time that elapses between invocations.  In other words,
** the time returned is always the time of the first call.

  int rc;
  switch( sqlite3_value_type((sqlite3_value*)pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
      rc = sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, i, pValue->u.i);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
      assert( pValue->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) );
      rc = sqlite3_bind_double(pStmt, i,
          (pValue->flags & MEM_Real) ? pValue->u.r : (double)pValue->u.i
      );
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_BLOB: {
      if( pValue->flags & MEM_Zero ){
        rc = sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(pStmt, i, pValue->u.nZero);
      }else{
        rc = sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, i, pValue->z, pValue->n,SQLITE_TRANSIENT);

** Allocate VdbeCursor number iCur.  Return a pointer to it.  Return NULL
** if we run out of memory.
*/
static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
  Vdbe *p,              /* The virtual machine */
  int iCur,             /* Index of the new VdbeCursor */
  int nField,           /* Number of fields in the table or index */

  u8 eCurType           /* Type of the new cursor */
){
  /* Find the memory cell that will be used to store the blob of memory
  ** required for this VdbeCursor structure. It is convenient to use a
  ** vdbe memory cell to manage the memory allocation required for a
  ** VdbeCursor structure for the following reasons:
  **

    }
    pMem->szMalloc = nByte;
  }

  p->apCsr[iCur] = pCx = (VdbeCursor*)pMem->zMalloc;
  memset(pCx, 0, offsetof(VdbeCursor,pAltCursor));
  pCx->eCurType = eCurType;

  pCx->nField = nField;
  pCx->aOffset = &pCx->aType[nField];
  if( eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE ){
    pCx->uc.pCursor = (BtCursor*)
        &pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))+2*sizeof(u32)*nField];
    sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(pCx->uc.pCursor);
  }

  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pOut) ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
    return out2PrereleaseWithClear(pOut);
  }else{
    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    return pOut;
  }
}

/*
** Compute a bloom filter hash using pOp->p4.i registers from aMem[] beginning
** with pOp->p3.  Return the hash.
*/
static u64 filterHash(const Mem *aMem, const Op *pOp){
  int i, mx;
  u64 h = 0;

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  for(i=pOp->p3, mx=i+pOp->p4.i; i<mx; i++){
    const Mem *p = &aMem[i];
    if( p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
      h += p->u.i;
    }else if( p->flags & MEM_Real ){
      h += sqlite3VdbeIntValue(p);
    }else if( p->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
      h += p->n;
      if( p->flags & MEM_Zero ) h += p->u.nZero;
    }
  }
  return h;
}

/*
** Return the symbolic name for the data type of a pMem
*/
static const char *vdbeMemTypeName(Mem *pMem){
  static const char *azTypes[] = {
      /* SQLITE_INTEGER */ "INT",

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Blob P1 P2 * P4 *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)
**
** P4 points to a blob of data P1 bytes long.  Store this
** blob in register P2.  If P4 is a NULL pointer, then construct
** a zero-filled blob that is P1 bytes long in P2.
*/
case OP_Blob: {                /* out2 */
  assert( pOp->p1 <= SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH );
  pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
  if( pOp->p4.z==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(pOut, pOp->p1);
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pOut) ) goto no_mem;
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, pOp->p4.z, pOp->p1, 0, 0);
  }
  pOut->enc = encoding;
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 * P4 *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, pIn1->u.i);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: FkCheck * * * * *

**

** Halt with an SQLITE_CONSTRAINT error if there are any unresolved
** foreign key constraint violations.  If there are no foreign key
** constraint violations, this is a no-op.
**
** FK constraint violations are also checked when the prepared statement
** exits.  This opcode is used to raise foreign key constraint errors prior
** to returning results such as a row change count or the result of a
** RETURNING clause.
*/
case OP_FkCheck: {

  if( (rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p,0))!=SQLITE_OK ){
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 * * *
** Synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]
**
** The registers P1 through P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
** results. This opcode causes the sqlite3_step() call to terminate

      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags1&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn1, encoding, 1);
        testcase( (flags1&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn1->flags&MEM_Dyn) );
        flags1 = (pIn1->flags & ~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags1 & MEM_TypeMask);
        if( pIn1==pIn3 ) flags3 = flags1 | MEM_Str;
      }
      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags3&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn3, encoding, 1);
        testcase( (flags3&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn3->flags&MEM_Dyn) );

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
  pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  memAboutToChange(p, pDest);
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( p2<(u32)pC->nField );
  aOffset = pC->aOffset;
  assert( aOffset==pC->aType+pC->nField );
  assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_VTAB );
  assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_PSEUDO || pC->nullRow );
  assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_SORTER );

  if( pC->cacheStatus!=p->cacheCtr ){                /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
    if( pC->nullRow ){
      if( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO ){

          break;
        }
        case COLTYPE_TEXT: {
          if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Str)==0 ) goto vdbe_type_error;
          break;
        }
        case COLTYPE_REAL: {
          testcase( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==MEM_Real );
          testcase( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==MEM_IntReal );
          if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
            /* When applying REAL affinity, if the result is still an MEM_Int
            ** that will fit in 6 bytes, then change the type to MEM_IntReal
            ** so that we keep the high-resolution integer value but know that
            ** the type really wants to be REAL. */
            testcase( pIn1->u.i==140737488355328LL );
            testcase( pIn1->u.i==140737488355327LL );
            testcase( pIn1->u.i==-140737488355328LL );
            testcase( pIn1->u.i==-140737488355329LL );
            if( pIn1->u.i<=140737488355327LL && pIn1->u.i>=-140737488355328LL){
              pIn1->flags |= MEM_IntReal;
              pIn1->flags &= ~MEM_Int;
            }else{
              pIn1->u.r = (double)pIn1->u.i;
              pIn1->flags |= MEM_Real;
              pIn1->flags &= ~MEM_Int;
            }
          }else if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 ){
            goto vdbe_type_error;
          }
          break;
        }
        default: {
          /* COLTYPE_ANY.  Accept anything. */
          break;

  assert( nByte==(int)(zPayload - (u8*)pOut->z) );

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Count P1 P2 P3 * *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=count()
**
** Store the number of entries (an integer value) in the table or index
** opened by cursor P1 in register P2.
**
** If P3==0, then an exact count is obtained, which involves visiting
** every btree page of the table.  But if P3 is non-zero, an estimate

  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, pOp->p1, 0) );
  /* See note about index shifting on OP_ReadCookie */
  rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(pDb->pBt, pOp->p2, pOp->p3);
  if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
    /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
    pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = pOp->p3 - pOp->p5;
    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
    sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(db, pOp->p1);
  }else if( pOp->p2==BTREE_FILE_FORMAT ){
    /* Record changes in the file format */
    pDb->pSchema->file_format = pOp->p3;
  }
  if( pOp->p1==1 ){
    /* Invalidate all prepared statements whenever the TEMP database
    ** schema is changed.  Ticket #1644 */

    nField = pKeyInfo->nAllField;
  }else if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 ){
    nField = pOp->p4.i;
  }
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
  assert( nField>=0 );
  testcase( nField==0 );  /* Table with INTEGER PRIMARY KEY and nothing else */
  pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, nField, CURTYPE_BTREE);
  if( pCur==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCur->iDb = iDb;
  pCur->nullRow = 1;
  pCur->isOrdered = 1;
  pCur->pgnoRoot = p2;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  pCur->wrFlag = wrFlag;
#endif
  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pX, p2, wrFlag, pKeyInfo, pCur->uc.pCursor);

  VdbeCursor *pOrig;    /* The original cursor to be duplicated */
  VdbeCursor *pCx;      /* The new cursor */

  pOrig = p->apCsr[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOrig );
  assert( pOrig->isEphemeral );  /* Only ephemeral cursors can be duplicated */

  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOrig->nField, CURTYPE_BTREE);
  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;
  pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
  pCx->pKeyInfo = pOrig->pKeyInfo;
  pCx->isTable = pOrig->isTable;
  pCx->pgnoRoot = pOrig->pgnoRoot;
  pCx->isOrdered = pOrig->isOrdered;
  pCx->ub.pBtx = pOrig->ub.pBtx;
  pCx->hasBeenDuped = 1;
  pOrig->hasBeenDuped = 1;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->ub.pBtx, pCx->pgnoRoot, BTREE_WRCSR,
                          pCx->pKeyInfo, pCx->uc.pCursor);
  /* The sqlite3BtreeCursor() routine can only fail for the first cursor
  ** opened for a database.  Since there is already an open cursor when this
  ** opcode is run, the sqlite3BtreeCursor() cannot fail */
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
  break;
}

  if( pCx && !pCx->hasBeenDuped &&  ALWAYS(pOp->p2<=pCx->nField) ){
    /* If the ephermeral table is already open and has no duplicates from
    ** OP_OpenDup, then erase all existing content so that the table is
    ** empty again, rather than creating a new table. */
    assert( pCx->isEphemeral );
    pCx->seqCount = 0;
    pCx->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(pCx->ub.pBtx, pCx->pgnoRoot, 0);
  }else{
    pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, CURTYPE_BTREE);
    if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
    pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(db->pVfs, 0, db, &pCx->ub.pBtx,
                          BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL | BTREE_SINGLE | pOp->p5,
                          vfsFlags);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pCx->ub.pBtx, 1, 0);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        /* If a transient index is required, create it by calling
        ** sqlite3BtreeCreateTable() with the BTREE_BLOBKEY flag before
        ** opening it. If a transient table is required, just use the
        ** automatically created table with root-page 1 (an BLOB_INTKEY table).
        */
        if( (pCx->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo)!=0 ){
          assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
          rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pCx->ub.pBtx, &pCx->pgnoRoot,
              BTREE_BLOBKEY | pOp->p5);
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            assert( pCx->pgnoRoot==SCHEMA_ROOT+1 );
            assert( pKeyInfo->db==db );
            assert( pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
            rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->ub.pBtx, pCx->pgnoRoot, BTREE_WRCSR,
                pKeyInfo, pCx->uc.pCursor);
          }
          pCx->isTable = 0;
        }else{
          pCx->pgnoRoot = SCHEMA_ROOT;
          rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->ub.pBtx, SCHEMA_ROOT, BTREE_WRCSR,
              0, pCx->uc.pCursor);
          pCx->isTable = 1;
        }
      }
      pCx->isOrdered = (pOp->p5!=BTREE_UNORDERED);
      if( rc ){
        sqlite3BtreeClose(pCx->ub.pBtx);
      }
    }
  }
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;
  break;
}

** key is sufficient to produce the required results.
*/
case OP_SorterOpen: {
  VdbeCursor *pCx;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
  assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, CURTYPE_SORTER);
  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCx->pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
  assert( pCx->pKeyInfo->db==db );
  assert( pCx->pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(db, pOp->p3, pCx);
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  break;

** the pseudo-table.
*/
case OP_OpenPseudo: {
  VdbeCursor *pCx;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
  assert( pOp->p3>=0 );
  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p3, CURTYPE_PSEUDO);
  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;
  pCx->seekResult = pOp->p2;
  pCx->isTable = 1;
  /* Give this pseudo-cursor a fake BtCursor pointer so that pCx
  ** can be safely passed to sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto().  This avoids a test
  ** for pCx->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE inside of sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto()

      assert( pTabCur->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
      assert( pTabCur->uc.pCursor!=0 );
      assert( pTabCur->isTable );
      pTabCur->nullRow = 0;
      pTabCur->movetoTarget = rowid;
      pTabCur->deferredMoveto = 1;
      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INTARRAY || pOp->p4.ai==0 );
      assert( !pTabCur->isEphemeral );
      pTabCur->ub.aAltMap = pOp->p4.ai;
      assert( !pC->isEphemeral );

      pTabCur->pAltCursor = pC;
    }else{
      pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
      pOut->u.i = rowid;
    }
  }else{
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxRowid );

  sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;

  /* Initialize sqlite3_vtab_cursor base class */
  pVCur->pVtab = pVtab;

  /* Initialize vdbe cursor object */
  pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, 0, CURTYPE_VTAB);
  if( pCur ){
    pCur->uc.pVCur = pVCur;
    pVtab->nRef++;
  }else{
    assert( db->mallocFailed );
    pModule->xClose(pVCur);
    goto no_mem;
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VInitIn P1 P2 P3 * *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)
**
** Set register P2 to be a pointer to a ValueList object for cursor P1
** with cache register P3 and output register P3+1.  This ValueList object
** can be used as the first argument to sqlite3_vtab_in_first() and
** sqlite3_vtab_in_next() to extract all of the values stored in the P1
** cursor.  Register P3 is used to hold the values returned by
** sqlite3_vtab_in_first() and sqlite3_vtab_in_next().
*/
case OP_VInitIn: {        /* out2 */
  VdbeCursor *pC;         /* The cursor containing the RHS values */
  ValueList *pRhs;        /* New ValueList object to put in reg[P2] */

  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  pRhs = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pRhs) );
  if( pRhs==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pRhs->pCsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
  pRhs->pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(pOut, pRhs, "ValueList", sqlite3_free);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VFilter P1 P2 P3 P4 *
** Synopsis: iplan=r[P3] zplan='P4'
**
** P1 is a cursor opened using VOpen.  P2 is an address to jump to if
** the filtered result set is empty.

    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ) goto too_big;
  }

  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: FilterAdd P1 * P3 P4 *
** Synopsis: filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)
**
** Compute a hash on the P4 registers starting with r[P3] and
** add that hash to the bloom filter contained in r[P1].
*/
case OP_FilterAdd: {
  u64 h;

  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob );
  assert( pIn1->n>0 );
  h = filterHash(aMem, pOp);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
    int ii;
    for(ii=pOp->p3; ii<pOp->p3+pOp->p4.i; ii++){
      registerTrace(ii, &aMem[ii]);
    }
    printf("hash: %llu modulo %d -> %u\n", h, pIn1->n, (int)(h%pIn1->n));
  }
#endif
  h %= pIn1->n;
  pIn1->z[h/8] |= 1<<(h&7);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Filter P1 P2 P3 P4 *
** Synopsis: if key(P3@P4) not in filter(P1) goto P2
**
** Compute a hash on the key contained in the P4 registers starting
** with r[P3].  Check to see if that hash is found in the
** bloom filter hosted by register P1.  If it is not present then
** maybe jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through.
**
** False negatives are harmless.  It is always safe to fall through,
** even if the value is in the bloom filter.  A false negative causes
** more CPU cycles to be used, but it should still yield the correct
** answer.  However, an incorrect answer may well arise from a
** false positive - if the jump is taken when it should fall through.
*/
case OP_Filter: {          /* jump */
  u64 h;

  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)!=0 );
  assert( pIn1->n >= 1 );
  h = filterHash(aMem, pOp);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
    int ii;
    for(ii=pOp->p3; ii<pOp->p3+pOp->p4.i; ii++){
      registerTrace(ii, &aMem[ii]);
    }
    printf("hash: %llu modulo %d -> %u\n", h, pIn1->n, (int)(h%pIn1->n));
  }
#endif
  h %= pIn1->n;
  if( (pIn1->z[h/8] & (1<<(h&7)))==0 ){
    VdbeBranchTaken(1, 2);
    p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT]++;
    goto jump_to_p2;
  }else{
    p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]++;
    VdbeBranchTaken(0, 2);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Trace P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Write P4 on the statement trace output if statement tracing is
** enabled.
**
** Operand P1 must be 0x7fffffff and P2 must positive.

  }
#endif
  wrFlag = !!wrFlag;                /* wrFlag = (wrFlag ? 1 : 0); */

  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);

  pBlob = (Incrblob *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Incrblob));

  while(1){
    sqlite3ParseObjectInit(&sParse,db);
    if( !pBlob ) goto blob_open_out;

    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
    zErr = 0;

    sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
    pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(&sParse, 0, zTable, zDb);
    if( pTab && IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      pTab = 0;

    pBlob->iCol = iCol;
    pBlob->db = db;
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
    if( db->mallocFailed ){
      goto blob_open_out;
    }
    rc = blobSeekToRow(pBlob, iRow, &zErr);
    if( (++nAttempt)>=SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY || rc!=SQLITE_SCHEMA ) break;
    sqlite3ParseObjectReset(&sParse);
  }

blob_open_out:
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->mallocFailed==0 ){
    *ppBlob = (sqlite3_blob *)pBlob;
  }else{
    if( pBlob && pBlob->pStmt ) sqlite3VdbeFinalize((Vdbe *)pBlob->pStmt);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pBlob);
  }
  sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, (zErr ? "%s" : 0), zErr);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
  sqlite3ParseObjectReset(&sParse);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Close a blob handle that was previously created using

  ** to exceed the maximum merge count */
#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>=SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT
  if( nWorker>=SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT ){
    nWorker = SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT-1;
  }
#endif

  assert( pCsr->pKeyInfo );
  assert( !pCsr->isEphemeral );
  assert( pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_SORTER );
  szKeyInfo = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nKeyField-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*);
  sz = sizeof(VdbeSorter) + nWorker * sizeof(SortSubtask);

  pSorter = (VdbeSorter*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sz + szKeyInfo);
  pCsr->uc.pSorter = pSorter;
  if( pSorter==0 ){

    sqlite3OsClose(pReal);
    *p = copy;
  }
  return rc;
}


/* Forward reference */
static int memjrnlTruncate(sqlite3_file *pJfd, sqlite_int64 size);

/*
** Write data to the file.
*/
static int memjrnlWrite(
  sqlite3_file *pJfd,    /* The journal file into which to write */
  const void *zBuf,      /* Take data to be written from here */
  int iAmt,              /* Number of bytes to write */

  /* If the contents of this write should be stored in memory */
  else{
    /* An in-memory journal file should only ever be appended to. Random
    ** access writes are not required. The only exception to this is when
    ** the in-memory journal is being used by a connection using the
    ** atomic-write optimization. In this case the first 28 bytes of the
    ** journal file may be written as part of committing the transaction. */
    assert( iOfst<=p->endpoint.iOffset );
    if( iOfst>0 && iOfst!=p->endpoint.iOffset ){
      memjrnlTruncate(pJfd, iOfst);
    }
    if( iOfst==0 && p->pFirst ){
      assert( p->nChunkSize>iAmt );
      memcpy((u8*)p->pFirst->zChunk, zBuf, iAmt);
    }else{




      while( nWrite>0 ){
        FileChunk *pChunk = p->endpoint.pChunk;
        int iChunkOffset = (int)(p->endpoint.iOffset%p->nChunkSize);
        int iSpace = MIN(nWrite, p->nChunkSize - iChunkOffset);

        assert( pChunk!=0 || iChunkOffset==0 );
        if( iChunkOffset==0 ){
          /* New chunk is required to extend the file. */
          FileChunk *pNew = sqlite3_malloc(fileChunkSize(p->nChunkSize));
          if( !pNew ){
            return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT;
          }
          pNew->pNext = 0;
          if( pChunk ){
            assert( p->pFirst );
            pChunk->pNext = pNew;
          }else{
            assert( !p->pFirst );
            p->pFirst = pNew;
          }
          pChunk = p->endpoint.pChunk = pNew;
        }

        assert( pChunk!=0 );
        memcpy((u8*)pChunk->zChunk + iChunkOffset, zWrite, iSpace);
        zWrite += iSpace;
        nWrite -= iSpace;
        p->endpoint.iOffset += iSpace;
      }
    }
  }

  if( size<p->endpoint.iOffset ){
    FileChunk *pIter = 0;
    if( size==0 ){
      memjrnlFreeChunks(p->pFirst);
      p->pFirst = 0;
    }else{
      i64 iOff = p->nChunkSize;
      for(pIter=p->pFirst; ALWAYS(pIter) && iOff<size; pIter=pIter->pNext){
        iOff += p->nChunkSize;
      }
      if( ALWAYS(pIter) ){
        memjrnlFreeChunks(pIter->pNext);
        pIter->pNext = 0;
      }
    }

              pMatch = pItem;
              pExpr->iColumn = j;
              hit = 1;
            }
          }
          if( hit || zTab==0 ) continue;
        }
        if( zDb ){
          if( pTab->pSchema!=pSchema ) continue;
          if( pSchema==0 && strcmp(zDb,"*")!=0 ) continue;
        }
        if( zTab ){
          const char *zTabName = pItem->zAlias ? pItem->zAlias : pTab->zName;
          assert( zTabName!=0 );
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTabName, zTab)!=0 ){
            continue;
          }

          }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT */
          {
            assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
            pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
            if( pParse->bReturning ){
              eNewExprOp = TK_REGISTER;
              pExpr->op2 = TK_COLUMN;
              pExpr->iTable = pNC->uNC.iBaseReg + (pTab->nCol+1)*pExpr->iTable +
                 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol) + 1;
            }else{
              pExpr->iColumn = (i16)iCol;
              eNewExprOp = TK_TRIGGER;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
              if( iCol<0 ){

    if( zDb ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s.%s", zErr, zDb, zTab, zCol);
    }else if( zTab ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zErr, zTab, zCol);
    }else{
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zErr, zCol);
    }
    sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pExpr);
    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
    pTopNC->nNcErr++;
  }

  /* If a column from a table in pSrcList is referenced, then record
  ** this fact in the pSrcList.a[].colUsed bitmask.  Column 0 causes
  ** bit 0 to be set.  Column 1 sets bit 1.  And so forth.  Bit 63 is

** (because errors are rare), the conditional is moved outside of the
** function call using a macro.
*/
static void notValidImpl(
   Parse *pParse,       /* Leave error message here */
   NameContext *pNC,    /* The name context */
   const char *zMsg,    /* Type of error */
   Expr *pExpr,         /* Invalidate this expression on error */
   Expr *pError         /* Associate error with this expression */
){
  const char *zIn = "partial index WHERE clauses";
  if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr )      zIn = "index expressions";
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
  else if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck ) zIn = "CHECK constraints";
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
  else if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol ) zIn = "generated columns";
#endif
  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s prohibited in %s", zMsg, zIn);
  if( pExpr ) pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
  sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pError);
}
#define sqlite3ResolveNotValid(P,N,M,X,E,R) \
  assert( ((X)&~(NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol))==0 ); \
  if( ((N)->ncFlags & (X))!=0 ) notValidImpl(P,N,M,E,R);

/*
** Expression p should encode a floating point value between 1.0 and 0.0.
** Return 1024 times this value.  Or return -1 if p is not a floating point
** value between 1.0 and 0.0.
*/
static int exprProbability(Expr *p){

        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        zColumn = pExpr->u.zToken;
      }else{
        Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
        sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "the \".\" operator",
                               NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol, 0, pExpr);
        pRight = pExpr->pRight;
        if( pRight->op==TK_ID ){
          zDb = 0;
        }else{
          assert( pRight->op==TK_DOT );
          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pRight, EP_IntValue) );
          zDb = pLeft->u.zToken;

    */
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;    /* The argument list */
      int n = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;    /* Number of arguments */
      int no_such_func = 0;       /* True if no such function exists */
      int wrong_num_args = 0;     /* True if wrong number of arguments */
      int is_agg = 0;             /* True if is an aggregate function */

      const char *zId;            /* The function name. */
      FuncDef *pDef;              /* Information about the function */
      u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);   /* The database encoding */
      int savedAllowFlags = (pNC->ncFlags & (NC_AllowAgg | NC_AllowWin));
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      Window *pWin = (IsWindowFunc(pExpr) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0);
#endif
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_IntValue) );
      zId = pExpr->u.zToken;

      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, n, enc, 0);
      if( pDef==0 ){
        pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, -2, enc, 0);
        if( pDef==0 ){
          no_such_func = 1;
        }else{
          wrong_num_args = 1;
        }
      }else{
        is_agg = pDef->xFinalize!=0;
        if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely);
          if( n==2 ){
            pExpr->iTable = exprProbability(pList->a[1].pExpr);
            if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                "second argument to %#T() must be a "
                "constant between 0.0 and 1.0", pExpr);
              pNC->nNcErr++;
            }
          }else{
            /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-61304-29449 The unlikely(X) function is
            ** equivalent to likelihood(X, 0.0625).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-01283-11636 The unlikely(X) function is
            ** short-hand for likelihood(X,0.0625).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-36850-34127 The likely(X) function is short-hand
            ** for likelihood(X,0.9375).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-53436-40973 The likely(X) function is equivalent
            ** to likelihood(X,0.9375). */
            /* TUNING: unlikely() probability is 0.0625.  likely() is 0.9375 */
            pExpr->iTable = pDef->zName[0]=='u' ? 8388608 : 125829120;
          }
        }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
        {
          int auth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_FUNCTION, 0,pDef->zName,0);
          if( auth!=SQLITE_OK ){
            if( auth==SQLITE_DENY ){
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not authorized to use function: %#T",
                                      pExpr);
              pNC->nNcErr++;
            }
            pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
            return WRC_Prune;
          }
        }
#endif

          /* Clearly non-deterministic functions like random(), but also
          ** date/time functions that use 'now', and other functions like
          ** sqlite_version() that might change over time cannot be used
          ** in an index or generated column.  Curiously, they can be used
          ** in a CHECK constraint.  SQLServer, MySQL, and PostgreSQL all
          ** all this. */
          sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "non-deterministic functions",
                                 NC_IdxExpr|NC_PartIdx|NC_GenCol, 0, pExpr);
        }else{
          assert( (NC_SelfRef & 0xff)==NC_SelfRef ); /* Must fit in 8 bits */
          pExpr->op2 = pNC->ncFlags & NC_SelfRef;
          if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_FromDDL ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL);
        }
        if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL)!=0
         && pParse->nested==0
         && (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_InternalFunc)==0
        ){
          /* Internal-use-only functions are disallowed unless the
          ** SQL is being compiled using sqlite3NestedParse() or
          ** the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS test-control has be
          ** used to activate internal functions for testing purposes */
          no_such_func = 1;
          pDef = 0;
        }else
        if( (pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE))!=0
         && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT
        ){
          sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(pParse, pExpr, pDef);
        }
      }

      if( 0==IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
        assert( is_agg==0 || (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)
          || (pDef->xValue==0 && pDef->xInverse==0)
          || (pDef->xValue && pDef->xInverse && pDef->xSFunc && pDef->xFinalize)
        );
        if( pDef && pDef->xValue==0 && pWin ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
              "%#T() may not be used as a window function", pExpr
          );
          pNC->nNcErr++;
        }else if(
              (is_agg && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowAgg)==0)
           || (is_agg && (pDef->funcFlags&SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW) && !pWin)
           || (is_agg && pWin && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowWin)==0)
        ){
          const char *zType;
          if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW) || pWin ){
            zType = "window";
          }else{
            zType = "aggregate";
          }
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of %s function %#T()",zType,pExpr);
          pNC->nNcErr++;
          is_agg = 0;
        }
#else
        if( (is_agg && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowAgg)==0) ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"misuse of aggregate function %#T()",pExpr);
          pNC->nNcErr++;
          is_agg = 0;
        }
#endif
        else if( no_such_func && pParse->db->init.busy==0
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
                  && pParse->explain==0
#endif
        ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such function: %#T", pExpr);
          pNC->nNcErr++;
        }else if( wrong_num_args ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"wrong number of arguments to function %#T()",
               pExpr);
          pNC->nNcErr++;
        }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
        else if( is_agg==0 && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
              "FILTER may not be used with non-aggregate %#T()",

              pExpr
          );
          pNC->nNcErr++;
        }
#endif
        if( is_agg ){
          /* Window functions may not be arguments of aggregate functions.
          ** Or arguments of other window functions. But aggregate functions

      if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) ){
        int nRef = pNC->nRef;
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
        if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_SelfRef ){
          notValidImpl(pParse, pNC, "subqueries", pExpr, pExpr);
        }else{
          sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect);
        }
        assert( pNC->nRef>=nRef );
        if( nRef!=pNC->nRef ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect);
          pNC->ncFlags |= NC_VarSelect;
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_VARIABLE: {
      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
      sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "parameters",
               NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol, pExpr, pExpr);
      break;
    }
    case TK_IS:
    case TK_ISNOT: {
      Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pExpr->pRight);
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced) );
      /* Handle special cases of "x IS TRUE", "x IS FALSE", "x IS NOT TRUE",

        testcase( pExpr->op==TK_LE );
        testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GT );
        testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GE );
        testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IS );
        testcase( pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT );
        testcase( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN );
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "row value misused");
        sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pExpr);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->nErr!=0 );
  return pParse->nErr ? WRC_Abort : WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** pEList is a list of expressions which are really the result set of the
** a SELECT statement.  pE is a term in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.
** This routine checks to see if pE is a simple identifier which corresponds
** to the AS-name of one of the terms of the expression list.  If it is,

/*
** Generate an ORDER BY or GROUP BY term out-of-range error.
*/
static void resolveOutOfRangeError(
  Parse *pParse,         /* The error context into which to write the error */
  const char *zType,     /* "ORDER" or "GROUP" */
  int i,                 /* The index (1-based) of the term out of range */
  int mx,                /* Largest permissible value of i */
  Expr *pError           /* Associate the error with the expression */
){
  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
    "%r %s BY term out of range - should be "
    "between 1 and %d", i, zType, mx);
  sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pError);
}

/*
** Analyze the ORDER BY clause in a compound SELECT statement.   Modify
** each term of the ORDER BY clause is a constant integer between 1
** and N where N is the number of columns in the compound SELECT.
**

      int iCol = -1;
      Expr *pE, *pDup;
      if( pItem->done ) continue;
      pE = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pItem->pExpr);
      if( NEVER(pE==0) ) continue;
      if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
        if( iCol<=0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
          resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, "ORDER", i+1, pEList->nExpr, pE);
          return 1;
        }
      }else{
        iCol = resolveAsName(pParse, pEList, pE);
        if( iCol==0 ){
          /* Now test if expression pE matches one of the values returned
          ** by pSelect. In the usual case this is done by duplicating the

    return 1;
  }
  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
  assert( pEList!=0 );  /* sqlite3SelectNew() guarantees this */
  for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
    if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol ){
      if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol>pEList->nExpr ){
        resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, pEList->nExpr, 0);
        return 1;
      }
      resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol-1, pItem->pExpr,0);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

      }
    }
    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE2, &iCol) ){
      /* The ORDER BY term is an integer constant.  Again, set the column
      ** number so that sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy() will convert the
      ** order-by term to a copy of the result-set expression */
      if( iCol<1 || iCol>0xffff ){
        resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, nResult, pE2);
        return 1;
      }
      pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol = (u16)iCol;
      continue;
    }

    /* Otherwise, treat the ORDER BY term as an ordinary expression */

  ** prior call to sqlite3SelectExpand().  When that happens, let
  ** sqlite3SelectPrep() do all of the processing for this SELECT.
  ** sqlite3SelectPrep() will invoke both sqlite3SelectExpand() and
  ** this routine in the correct order.
  */
  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Expanded)==0 ){
    sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, pOuterNC);
    return pParse->nErr ? WRC_Abort : WRC_Prune;
  }

  isCompound = p->pPrior!=0;
  nCompound = 0;
  pLeftmost = p;
  while( p ){
    assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 );

      if( pItem->pSelect && (pItem->pSelect->selFlags & SF_Resolved)==0 ){
        int nRef = pOuterNC ? pOuterNC->nRef : 0;
        const char *zSavedContext = pParse->zAuthContext;

        if( pItem->zName ) pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;
        sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, pItem->pSelect, pOuterNC);
        pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedContext;
        if( pParse->nErr ) return WRC_Abort;
        assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );

        /* If the number of references to the outer context changed when
        ** expressions in the sub-select were resolved, the sub-select
        ** is correlated. It is not required to check the refcount on any
        ** but the innermost outer context object, as lookupName() increments
        ** the refcount on all contexts between the current one and the
        ** context containing the column when it resolves a name. */

** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other
** referenced Expr plus one.
**
** Also propagate EP_Propagate flags up from Expr.x.pList to Expr.flags,
** if appropriate.
*/
static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
  int nHeight = p->pLeft ? p->pLeft->nHeight : 0;

  if( p->pRight && p->pRight->nHeight>nHeight ) nHeight = p->pRight->nHeight;
  if( ExprUseXSelect(p) ){
    heightOfSelect(p->x.pSelect, &nHeight);
  }else if( p->x.pList ){
    heightOfExprList(p->x.pList, &nHeight);
    p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
  }
  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;

  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  assert( pToken );
  pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_FUNCTION, pToken, 1);
  if( pNew==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList); /* Avoid memory leak when malloc fails */
    return 0;
  }
  pNew->w.iOfst = (int)(pToken->z - pParse->zTail);
  if( pList
   && pList->nExpr > pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]
   && !pParse->nested
  ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on function %T", pToken);
  }
  pNew->x.pList = pList;

      /* Functions prohibited in triggers and views if:
      **     (1) tagged with SQLITE_DIRECTONLY
      **     (2) not tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS (which means it
      **         is tagged with SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE) and
      **         SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA is off (meaning
      **         that the schema is possibly tainted).
      */
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsafe use of %#T()", pExpr);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Assign a variable number to an expression that encodes a wildcard
** in the original SQL statement.

      testcase( i==0 );
      testcase( i==1 );
      testcase( i==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]-1 );
      testcase( i==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] );
      if( bOk==0 || i<1 || i>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "variable number must be between ?1 and ?%d",
            db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]);
        sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pExpr);
        return;
      }
      x = (ynVar)i;
      if( x>pParse->nVar ){
        pParse->nVar = (int)x;
        doAdd = 1;
      }else if( sqlite3VListNumToName(pParse->pVList, x)==0 ){

    if( doAdd ){
      pParse->pVList = sqlite3VListAdd(db, pParse->pVList, z, n, x);
    }
  }
  pExpr->iColumn = x;
  if( x>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many SQL variables");
    sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pExpr);
  }
}

/*
** Recursively delete an expression tree.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){

    case TK_BLOB:
      return 0;
    case TK_COLUMN:
      assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
      return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull) ||
             p->y.pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
             (p->iColumn>=0
              && p->y.pTab->aCol!=0 /* Possible due to prior error */
              && p->y.pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
    default:
      return 1;
  }
}

/*

          colUsed = 0;   /* Columns of index used so far */
          for(i=0; i<nExpr; i++){
            Expr *pLhs = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pX->pLeft, i);
            Expr *pRhs = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
            CollSeq *pReq = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLhs, pRhs);
            int j;

            assert( pReq!=0 || pRhs->iColumn==XN_ROWID || pParse->nErr );

            for(j=0; j<nExpr; j++){
              if( pIdx->aiColumn[j]!=pRhs->iColumn ) continue;
              assert( pIdx->azColl[j] );
              if( pReq!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(pReq->zName, pIdx->azColl[j])!=0 ){
                continue;
              }
              break;

  }else{
    /* If there is no pre-existing limit add a limit of 1 */
    pLimit = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, "1");
    pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LIMIT, pLimit, 0);
  }
  pSel->iLimit = 0;
  if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){

    pExpr->op2 = pExpr->op;
    pExpr->op = TK_ERROR;

    return 0;
  }
  pExpr->iTable = rReg = dest.iSDParm;
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
  if( addrOnce ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
  }

  ** We will then skip the binary search of the RHS.
  */
  if( destIfNull==destIfFalse ){
    destStep2 = destIfFalse;
  }else{
    destStep2 = destStep6 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
  }

  for(i=0; i<nVector; i++){
    Expr *p = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pExpr->pLeft, i);
    if( pParse->nErr ) goto sqlite3ExprCodeIN_oom_error;
    if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(p) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, rLhs+i, destStep2);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
  }

  /* Step 3.  The LHS is now known to be non-NULL.  Do the binary search

    int c;
    i64 value;
    const char *z = pExpr->u.zToken;
    assert( z!=0 );
    c = sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &value);
    if( (c==3 && !negFlag) || (c==2) || (negFlag && value==SMALLEST_INT64)){
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "oversized integer: %s%#T", negFlag?"-":"",pExpr);
#else
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER
      if( sqlite3_strnicmp(z,"0x",2)==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "hex literal too big: %s%#T",
                        negFlag?"-":"",pExpr);
      }else
#endif
      {
        codeReal(v, z, negFlag, iMem);
      }
#endif
    }else{

    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {
      AggInfo *pInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
      if( pInfo==0
       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg<0)
       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg>=pInfo->nFunc)
      ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate: %#T()", pExpr);
      }else{
        return pInfo->aFunc[pExpr->iAgg].iMem;
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */

      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zId, nFarg, enc, 0);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
      if( pDef==0 && pParse->explain ){
        pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, "unknown", nFarg, enc, 0);
      }
#endif
      if( pDef==0 || pDef->xFinalize!=0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown function: %#T()", pExpr);
        break;
      }
      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE ){
        assert( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE)==0 );
        assert( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT)==0 );
        return exprCodeInlineFunction(pParse, pFarg,
             SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pDef->pUserData), target);

/* Structure used to pass information throught the Walker in order to
** implement sqlite3ReferencesSrcList().
*/
struct RefSrcList {
  sqlite3 *db;         /* Database connection used for sqlite3DbRealloc() */
  SrcList *pRef;       /* Looking for references to these tables */
  i64 nExclude;        /* Number of tables to exclude from the search */
  int *aiExclude;      /* Cursor IDs for tables to exclude from the search */
};

/*
** Walker SELECT callbacks for sqlite3ReferencesSrcList().
**
** When entering a new subquery on the pExpr argument, add all FROM clause
** entries for that subquery to the exclude list.
**
** When leaving the subquery, remove those entries from the exclude list.
*/
static int selectRefEnter(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
  struct RefSrcList *p = pWalker->u.pRefSrcList;
  SrcList *pSrc = pSelect->pSrc;
  i64 i, j;
  int *piNew;
  if( pSrc->nSrc==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
  j = p->nExclude;
  p->nExclude += pSrc->nSrc;
  piNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, p->aiExclude, p->nExclude*sizeof(int));
  if( piNew==0 ){
    p->nExclude = 0;
    return WRC_Abort;

  Column *pCol;             /* The new column */
  Expr *pDflt;              /* Default value for the new column */
  sqlite3 *db;              /* The database connection; */
  Vdbe *v;                  /* The prepared statement under construction */
  int r1;                   /* Temporary registers */

  db = pParse->db;
  assert( db->pParse==pParse );
  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  pNew = pParse->pNewTable;
  assert( pNew );

  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pNew->pSchema);
  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
  zTab = &pNew->zName[16];  /* Skip the "sqlite_altertab_" prefix on the name */

     || (pCol->notNull && (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0)
    ){
      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "SELECT CASE WHEN quick_check GLOB 'CHECK*'"
        " THEN raise(ABORT,'CHECK constraint failed')"
        " ELSE raise(ABORT,'NOT NULL constraint failed')"
        " END"
        "  FROM pragma_quick_check(%Q,%Q)"
        " WHERE quick_check GLOB 'CHECK*' OR quick_check GLOB 'NULL*'",
        zTab, zDb
      );
    }
  }
}

  ** altered.  Set iCol to be the index of the column being renamed */
  zOld = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pOld);
  if( !zOld ) goto exit_rename_column;
  for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
    if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[iCol].zCnName, zOld) ) break;
  }
  if( iCol==pTab->nCol ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: \"%T\"", pOld);
    goto exit_rename_column;
  }

  /* Ensure the schema contains no double-quoted strings */
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iSchema==1, "", 0);
  renameFixQuotes(pParse, zDb, iSchema==1);

**     sqlite3_free(x);
**     if( x==y ) ...
**
** Technically, as x no longer points into a valid object or to the byte
** following a valid object, it may not be used in comparison operations.
*/
static void renameTokenCheckAll(Parse *pParse, const void *pPtr){
  assert( pParse==pParse->db->pParse );
  assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->nErr!=0 );
  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
    const RenameToken *p;
    u8 i = 0;
    for(p=pParse->pRename; p; p=p->pNext){
      if( p->p ){
        assert( p->p!=pPtr );
        i += *(u8*)(p->p);
      }

  sqlite3_value *pObject,
  Parse *pParse
){
  const char *zT = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pType);
  const char *zN = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pObject);
  char *zErr;

  zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(pParse->db, "error in %s %s%s%s: %s",
      zT, zN, (zWhen[0] ? " " : ""), zWhen,
      pParse->zErrMsg
  );
  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zErr, -1);
  sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, zErr);
}

/*
** For each name in the the expression-list pEList (i.e. each
** pEList->a[i].zName) that matches the string in zOld, extract the
** corresponding rename-token from Parse object pParse and add it
** to the RenameCtx pCtx.

  Parse *p,                       /* Memory to use for Parse object */
  const char *zDb,                /* Name of schema SQL belongs to */
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,               /* SQL to parse */
  int bTemp                       /* True if SQL is from temp schema */
){
  int rc;


  db->init.iDb = bTemp ? 1 : sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);

  /* Parse the SQL statement passed as the first argument. If no error
  ** occurs and the parse does not result in a new table, index or
  ** trigger object, the database must be corrupt. */
  sqlite3ParseObjectInit(p, db);
  p->eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_RENAME;
  p->db = db;
  p->nQueryLoop = 1;
  rc = zSql ? sqlite3RunParser(p, zSql) : SQLITE_NOMEM;



  if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK
   && p->pNewTable==0 && p->pNewIndex==0 && p->pNewTrigger==0
  ){
    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }

  while( (pIdx = pParse->pNewIndex)!=0 ){
    pParse->pNewIndex = pIdx->pNext;
    sqlite3FreeIndex(db, pIdx);
  }
  sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pParse->pNewTrigger);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
  renameTokenFree(db, pParse->pRename);
  sqlite3ParseObjectReset(pParse);
}

/*
** SQL function:
**
**     sqlite_rename_column(SQL,TYPE,OBJ,DB,TABLE,COL,NEWNAME,QUOTE,TEMP)
**
**   0. zSql:     SQL statement to rewrite
**   1. type:     Type of object ("table", "view" etc.)
**   2. object:   Name of object
**   3. Database: Database name (e.g. "main")
**   4. Table:    Table name
**   5. iCol:     Index of column to rename
**   6. zNew:     New column name
**   7. bQuote:   Non-zero if the new column name should be quoted.
**   8. bTemp:    True if zSql comes from temp schema
**
** Do a column rename operation on the CREATE statement given in zSql.
** The iCol-th column (left-most is 0) of table zTable is renamed from zCol
** into zNew.  The name should be quoted if bQuote is true.
**
** This function is used internally by the ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN command.
** It is only accessible to SQL created using sqlite3NestedParse().  It is
** not reachable from ordinary SQL passed into sqlite3_prepare() unless the
** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS test setting is enabled.
*/
static void renameColumnFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);

  }

  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
  rc = renameEditSql(context, &sCtx, zSql, zNew, bQuote);

renameColumnFunc_done:
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR && sqlite3WritableSchema(db) ){
      sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
    }else if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
      renameColumnParseError(context, "", argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
    }
  }

  renameParseCleanup(&sParse);

#endif
    }

    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = renameEditSql(context, &sCtx, zInput, zNew, bQuote);
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR && sqlite3WritableSchema(db) ){
        sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[3]);
      }else if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
        renameColumnParseError(context, "", argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
      }else{
        sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
      }
    }

    renameParseCleanup(&sParse);

static int renameQuotefixExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  if( pExpr->op==TK_STRING && (pExpr->flags & EP_DblQuoted) ){
    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, pWalker->u.pRename, (const void*)pExpr);
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/* SQL function: sqlite_rename_quotefix(DB,SQL)
**

** Rewrite the DDL statement "SQL" so that any string literals that use
** double-quotes use single quotes instead.
**
** Two arguments must be passed:
**
**   0: Database name ("main", "temp" etc.).
**   1: SQL statement to edit.
**
** The returned value is the modified SQL statement. For example, given
** the database schema:
**
**   CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
**
**   SELECT sqlite_rename_quotefix('main',
**       'CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT "a", "string" FROM t1'
**   );
**
** returns the string:
**
**   CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT "a", 'string' FROM t1
**
** If there is a error in the input SQL, then raise an error, except
** if PRAGMA writable_schema=ON, then just return the input string
** unmodified following an error.
*/
static void renameQuotefixFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);

      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = renameEditSql(context, &sCtx, zInput, 0, 0);
      }
      renameTokenFree(db, sCtx.pList);
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      if( sqlite3WritableSchema(db) && rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
        sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[1]);
      }else{
        sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
      }
    }
    renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = xAuth;
#endif

  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
}

/* Function:  sqlite_rename_test(DB,SQL,TYPE,NAME,ISTEMP,WHEN,DQS)
**
** An SQL user function that checks that there are no parse or symbol
** resolution problems in a CREATE TRIGGER|TABLE|VIEW|INDEX statement.
** After an ALTER TABLE .. RENAME operation is performed and the schema
** reloaded, this function is called on each SQL statement in the schema
** to ensure that it is still usable.
**
**   0: Database name ("main", "temp" etc.).
**   1: SQL statement.
**   2: Object type ("view", "table", "trigger" or "index").
**   3: Object name.
**   4: True if object is from temp schema.
**   5: "when" part of error message.
**   6: True to disable the DQS quirk when parsing SQL.
**

** The return value is computed as follows:
**
**   A. If an error is seen and not in PRAGMA writable_schema=ON mode,
**      then raise the error.
**   B. Else if a trigger is created and the the table that the trigger is
**      attached to is in database zDb, then return 1.
**   C. Otherwise return NULL.
*/
static void renameTableTest(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);

      else if( sParse.pNewTrigger ){
        if( isLegacy==0 ){
          rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse);
        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          int i1 = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, sParse.pNewTrigger->pTabSchema);
          int i2 = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
          if( i1==i2 ){
            /* Handle output case B */
            sqlite3_result_int(context, 1);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && zWhen && !sqlite3WritableSchema(db) ){
      /* Output case A */
      renameColumnParseError(context, zWhen, argv[2], argv[3],&sParse);
    }
    renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = xAuth;

  zCol = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
  if( zCol==0 ){
    assert( db->mallocFailed );
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }
  iCol = sqlite3ColumnIndex(pTab, zCol);
  if( iCol<0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: \"%T\"", pName);
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Do not allow the user to drop a PRIMARY KEY column or a column
  ** constrained by a UNIQUE constraint.  */
  if( pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags & (COLFLAG_PRIMKEY|COLFLAG_UNIQUE) ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot drop %s column: \"%s\"",

    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Edit the sqlite_schema table */
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  assert( iDb>=0 );
  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  /* Invoke the authorization callback. */
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE, zDb, pTab->zName, zCol) ){
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }
#endif
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1, "", 0);
  renameFixQuotes(pParse, zDb, iDb==1);
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
      "UPDATE \"%w\"." LEGACY_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
      "sql = sqlite_drop_column(%d, sql, %d) "
      "WHERE (type=='table' AND tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase)"
      , zDb, iDb, iCol, pTab->zName

      SQLITE_OK!=resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pDbname) ||
      SQLITE_OK!=resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pKey)
  ){
    goto attach_end;
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  if( ALWAYS(pAuthArg) ){
    char *zAuthArg;
    if( pAuthArg->op==TK_STRING ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pAuthArg, EP_IntValue) );
      zAuthArg = pAuthArg->u.zToken;
    }else{
      zAuthArg = 0;
    }

*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
  sqlite3 *db;
  Vdbe *v;

  assert( pParse->pToplevel==0 );
  db = pParse->db;
  assert( db->pParse==pParse );
  if( pParse->nested ) return;
  if( pParse->nErr ){
    if( db->mallocFailed ) pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    return;
  }
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );

  /* Begin by generating some termination code at the end of the
  ** vdbe program
  */
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  if( v==0 ){
    if( db->init.busy ){

  if( v ){
    if( pParse->bReturning ){
      Returning *pReturning = pParse->u1.pReturning;
      int addrRewind;
      int i;
      int reg;

      if( NEVER(pReturning->nRetCol==0) ){
        assert( CORRUPT_DB );
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_FkCheck);
        addrRewind =
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pReturning->iRetCur);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        reg = pReturning->iRetReg;
        for(i=0; i<pReturning->nRetCol; i++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pReturning->iRetCur, i, reg+i);
        }

            sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEL->a[i].pExpr, iReg);
          }
        }
      }

      if( pParse->bReturning ){
        Returning *pRet = pParse->u1.pReturning;
        if( NEVER(pRet->nRetCol==0) ){
          assert( CORRUPT_DB );
        }else{
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pRet->iRetCur, pRet->nRetCol);
        }
      }

      /* Finally, jump back to the beginning of the executable code. */
      sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, 1);
    }
  }

  /* Get the VDBE program ready for execution
  */
  assert( v!=0 || pParse->nErr );
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->nErr );
  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
    /* A minimum of one cursor is required if autoincrement is used
    *  See ticket [a696379c1f08866] */
    assert( pParse->pAinc==0 || pParse->nTab>0 );
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse);
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }else{
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;

**   *  Built-in SQL functions always take precedence over application-defined
**      SQL functions.  In other words, it is not possible to override a
**      built-in function.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  char *zSql;

  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  u32 savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
  char saveBuf[PARSE_TAIL_SZ];

  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  assert( pParse->nested<10 );  /* Nesting should only be of limited depth */
  va_start(ap, zFormat);

    pParse->nErr++;
    return;
  }
  pParse->nested++;
  memcpy(saveBuf, PARSE_TAIL(pParse), PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
  memset(PARSE_TAIL(pParse), 0, PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;
  sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql);
  db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;

  sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
  memcpy(PARSE_TAIL(pParse), saveBuf, PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
  pParse->nested--;
}

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*

** Set the collating sequence name for a column.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnSetColl(
  sqlite3 *db,
  Column *pCol,
  const char *zColl
){
  i64 nColl;
  i64 n;
  char *zNew;
  assert( zColl!=0 );
  n = sqlite3Strlen30(pCol->zCnName) + 1;
  if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_HASTYPE ){
    n += sqlite3Strlen30(pCol->zCnName+n) + 1;
  }
  nColl = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl) + 1;

    char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
      goto begin_table_error;
    }
    pTable = sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDb);
    if( pTable ){
      if( !noErr ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s %T already exists",
                        (IsView(pTable)? "view" : "table"), pName);
      }else{
        assert( !db->init.busy || CORRUPT_DB );
        sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
        sqlite3ForceNotReadOnly(pParse);
      }
      goto begin_table_error;
    }

         affinity = sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[i];
         if( affinity<=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ) szEst = 5;
         break;
       }
    }
  }

  z = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, (i64)sName.n + 1 + (i64)sType.n + (sType.n>0) );
  if( z==0 ) return;
  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)z, &sName);
  memcpy(z, sName.z, sName.n);
  z[sName.n] = 0;
  sqlite3Dequote(z);
  hName = sqlite3StrIHash(z);
  for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
    if( p->aCol[i].hName==hName && sqlite3StrICmp(z, p->aCol[i].zCnName)==0 ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "duplicate column name: %s", z);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
      return;
    }
  }
  aNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db,p->aCol,((i64)p->nCol+1)*sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
  if( aNew==0 ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
    return;
  }
  p->aCol = aNew;
  pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol];
  memset(pCol, 0, sizeof(p->aCol[0]));

      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, pList->a[0].pExpr, &pTab->iPKey);
    }
    pList->a[0].sortFlags = pParse->iPkSortOrder;
    assert( pParse->pNewTable==pTab );
    pTab->iPKey = -1;
    sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, 0, 0, 0, pList, pTab->keyConf, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                       SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY);
    if( pParse->nErr ){
      pTab->tabFlags &= ~TF_WithoutRowid;
      return;
    }
    assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
    pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
    assert( pPk->nKeyCol==1 );
  }else{
    pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
    assert( pPk!=0 );

    /*

      ** The names of the columns in the table are taken from
      ** arglist which is stored in pTable->pCheck.  The pCheck field
      ** normally holds CHECK constraints on an ordinary table, but for
      ** a VIEW it holds the list of column names.
      */
      sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pTable->pCheck,
                                 &pTable->nCol, &pTable->aCol);

      if( pParse->nErr==0
       && pTable->nCol==pSel->pEList->nExpr
      ){
        assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
        sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTable, pSel,
                                               SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
      }
    }else{
      /* CREATE VIEW name AS...  without an argument list.  Construct
      ** the column names from the SELECT statement that defines the view.
      */

  int flags            /* Conflict resolution algorithms. */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
  FKey *pFKey = 0;
  FKey *pNextTo;
  Table *p = pParse->pNewTable;
  i64 nByte;
  int i;
  int nCol;
  char *z;

  assert( pTo!=0 );
  if( p==0 || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ) goto fk_end;
  if( pFromCol==0 ){

  if( v==0 ) return;
  if( memRootPage>=0 ){
    tnum = (Pgno)memRootPage;
  }else{
    tnum = pIndex->tnum;
  }
  pKey = sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(pParse, pIndex);
  assert( pKey!=0 || pParse->nErr );

  /* Open the sorter cursor if we are to use one. */
  iSorter = pParse->nTab++;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SorterOpen, iSorter, 0, pIndex->nKeyCol, (char*)
                    sqlite3KeyInfoRef(pKey), P4_KEYINFO);

  /* Open the table. Loop through all rows of the table, inserting index

  Token *pName = 0;    /* Unqualified name of the index to create */
  struct ExprList_item *pListItem; /* For looping over pList */
  int nExtra = 0;                  /* Space allocated for zExtra[] */
  int nExtraCol;                   /* Number of extra columns needed */
  char *zExtra = 0;                /* Extra space after the Index object */
  Index *pPk = 0;      /* PRIMARY KEY index for WITHOUT ROWID tables */

  assert( db->pParse==pParse );
  if( pParse->nErr ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  if( IN_DECLARE_VTAB && idxType!=SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  if( sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pList) ){

    pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
    if( !pTab ) goto exit_create_index;
    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  }
  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];

  assert( pTab!=0 );

  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0
       && db->init.busy==0
       && pTblName!=0
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
       && sqlite3UserAuthTable(pTab->zName)==0
#endif
  ){

        /* zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(""); */
        zStmt = 0;
      }

      /* Add an entry in sqlite_schema for this index
      */
      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
         "INSERT INTO %Q." LEGACY_SCHEMA_TABLE " VALUES('index',%Q,%Q,#%d,%Q);",
         db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName,
         pIndex->zName,
         pTab->zName,
         iMem,
         zStmt
      );
      sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);

      /* Fill the index with data and reparse the schema. Code an OP_Expire
      ** to invalidate all pre-compiled statements.
      */
      if( pTblName ){
        sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, iMem);

*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int ifExists){
  Index *pIndex;
  Vdbe *v;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int iDb;


  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    goto exit_drop_index;
  }
  assert( pParse->nErr==0 );   /* Never called with prior non-OOM errors */
  assert( pName->nSrc==1 );
  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
    goto exit_drop_index;
  }
  pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, pName->a[0].zName, pName->a[0].zDatabase);
  if( pIndex==0 ){
    if( !ifExists ){

    pItem->zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pAlias);
  }
  pItem->pSelect = pSubquery;
  pItem->pOn = pOn;
  pItem->pUsing = pUsing;
  return p;

append_from_error:
  assert( p==0 );
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pOn);
  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pUsing);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSubquery);
  return 0;
}

){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<nDef; i++){
    FuncDef *pOther;
    const char *zName = aDef[i].zName;
    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
    int h = SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(zName[0], nName);

    assert( aDef[i].funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN );
    pOther = sqlite3FunctionSearch(h, zName);
    if( pOther ){
      assert( pOther!=&aDef[i] && pOther->pNext!=&aDef[i] );
      aDef[i].pNext = pOther->pNext;
      pOther->pNext = &aDef[i];
    }else{

    pTab->nTabRef++;
    if( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy && sqlite3IndexedByLookup(pParse, pItem) ){
      pTab = 0;
    }
  }
  return pTab;
}

/* Generate byte-code that will report the number of rows modified
** by a DELETE, INSERT, or UPDATE statement.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeChangeCount(Vdbe *v, int regCounter, const char *zColName){
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_FkCheck);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regCounter, 1);
  sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
  sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, zColName, SQLITE_STATIC);
}

/* Return true if table pTab is read-only.
**
** A table is read-only if any of the following are true:
**
**   1) It is a virtual table and no implementation of the xUpdate method
**      has been provided

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                  /* True if attempting to delete from a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;           /* List of table triggers, if required */
#endif

  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
  db = pParse->db;
  assert( db->pParse==pParse );
  if( pParse->nErr ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );


  /* Locate the table which we want to delete.  This table has to be
  ** put in an SrcList structure because some of the subroutines we
  ** will be calling are designed to work with multiple tables and expect
  ** an SrcList* parameter instead of just a Table* parameter.

    ** to be deleted, based on the WHERE clause. Set variable eOnePass
    ** to indicate the strategy used to implement this delete:
    **
    **  ONEPASS_OFF:    Two-pass approach - use a FIFO for rowids/PK values.
    **  ONEPASS_SINGLE: One-pass approach - at most one row deleted.
    **  ONEPASS_MULTI:  One-pass approach - any number of rows may be deleted.
    */
    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, 0, 0,0,wcf,iTabCur+1);
    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto delete_from_cleanup;
    eOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aiCurOnePass);
    assert( IsVirtual(pTab)==0 || eOnePass!=ONEPASS_MULTI );
    assert( IsVirtual(pTab) || bComplex || eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF );
    if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_SINGLE ) sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
    if( sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(pWInfo) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_FinishSeek, iTabCur);

  }

  /* Return the number of rows that were deleted. If this routine is
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( memCnt ){


    sqlite3CodeChangeCount(v, memCnt, "rows deleted");
  }

delete_from_cleanup:
  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT)

  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-01470-60482 The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns
  ** the datatype code for the initial datatype of the sqlite3_value object
  ** V. The returned value is one of SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_FLOAT,
  ** SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_BLOB, or SQLITE_NULL. */
  sqlite3_result_text(context, azType[i], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
}

/* subtype(X)
**
** Return the subtype of X
*/
static void subtypeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  sqlite3_result_int(context, sqlite3_value_subtype(argv[0]));
}

/*
** Implementation of the length() function
*/
static void lengthFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,

  return;
endInstrOOM:
  sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
  goto endInstr;
}

/*
** Implementation of the printf() (a.k.a. format()) SQL function.
*/
static void printfFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  PrintfArguments x;

** digits. */
static const char hexdigits[] = {
  '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
  '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
};

/*

** Append to pStr text that is the SQL literal representation of the
** value contained in pValue.


*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3QuoteValue(StrAccum *pStr, sqlite3_value *pValue){
  /* As currently implemented, the string must be initially empty.
  ** we might relax this requirement in the future, but that will
  ** require enhancements to the implementation. */
  assert( pStr!=0 && pStr->nChar==0 );

  switch( sqlite3_value_type(pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
      double r1, r2;
      const char *zVal;
      r1 = sqlite3_value_double(pValue);
      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%!.15g", r1);
      zVal = sqlite3_str_value(pStr);
      if( zVal ){
        sqlite3AtoF(zVal, &r2, pStr->nChar, SQLITE_UTF8);
        if( r1!=r2 ){
          sqlite3_str_reset(pStr);
          sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%!.20e", r1);
        }

      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%lld", sqlite3_value_int64(pValue));
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_BLOB: {

      char const *zBlob = sqlite3_value_blob(pValue);
      int nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
      assert( zBlob==sqlite3_value_blob(pValue) ); /* No encoding change */
      sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(pStr, nBlob*2 + 4);
      if( pStr->accError==0 ){
        char *zText = pStr->zText;
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<nBlob; i++){
          zText[(i*2)+2] = hexdigits[(zBlob[i]>>4)&0x0F];
          zText[(i*2)+3] = hexdigits[(zBlob[i])&0x0F];
        }
        zText[(nBlob*2)+2] = '\'';
        zText[(nBlob*2)+3] = '\0';
        zText[0] = 'X';
        zText[1] = '\'';
        pStr->nChar = nBlob*2 + 3;

      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_TEXT: {


      const unsigned char *zArg = sqlite3_value_text(pValue);

      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%Q", zArg);















      break;
    }
    default: {
      assert( sqlite3_value_type(pValue)==SQLITE_NULL );
      sqlite3_str_append(pStr, "NULL", 4);
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Implementation of the QUOTE() function.
**
** The quote(X) function returns the text of an SQL literal which is the
** value of its argument suitable for inclusion into an SQL statement.
** Strings are surrounded by single-quotes with escapes on interior quotes
** as needed. BLOBs are encoded as hexadecimal literals. Strings with
** embedded NUL characters cannot be represented as string literals in SQL
** and hence the returned string literal is truncated prior to the first NUL.
*/
static void quoteFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
  sqlite3_str str;
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  assert( argc==1 );
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&str, db, 0, 0, db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]);
  sqlite3QuoteValue(&str,argv[0]);
  sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&str), str.nChar,
                      SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
  if( str.accError!=SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_result_null(context);
    sqlite3_result_error_code(context, str.accError);
  }
}

/*
** The unicode() function.  Return the integer unicode code-point value
** for the first character of the input string.
*/
static void unicodeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,

    WAGGREGATE(min, 1, 0, 1, minmaxStep, minMaxFinalize, minMaxValue, 0,
                                 SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX|SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER ),
    FUNCTION(max,               -1, 1, 1, minmaxFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(max,                0, 1, 1, 0                ),
    WAGGREGATE(max, 1, 1, 1, minmaxStep, minMaxFinalize, minMaxValue, 0,
                                 SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX|SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER ),
    FUNCTION2(typeof,            1, 0, 0, typeofFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
    FUNCTION2(subtype,           1, 0, 0, subtypeFunc, SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
    FUNCTION2(length,            1, 0, 0, lengthFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH),
    FUNCTION(instr,              2, 0, 0, instrFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(printf,            -1, 0, 0, printfFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(format,            -1, 0, 0, printfFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(unicode,            1, 0, 0, unicodeFunc      ),
    FUNCTION(char,              -1, 0, 0, charFunc         ),
    FUNCTION(abs,                1, 0, 0, absFunc          ),
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    FUNCTION(round,              1, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(round,              2, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
#endif

    INLINE_FUNC(iif,             3, INLINEFUNC_iif,      0 ),
  };
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  sqlite3AlterFunctions();
#endif
  sqlite3WindowFunctions();
  sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions();
  sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions();
  sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aBuiltinFunc, ArraySize(aBuiltinFunc));

#if 0  /* Enable to print out how the built-in functions are hashed */
  {
    int i;
    FuncDef *p;
    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ; i++){

  sNameContext.pParse = pParse;
  sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNameContext, pWhere);

  /* Create VDBE to loop through the entries in pSrc that match the WHERE
  ** clause. For each row found, increment either the deferred or immediate
  ** foreign key constraint counter. */
  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
    if( pWInfo ){
      sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
    }
  }

  /* Clean up the WHERE clause constructed above. */

    sqlite3ExprDelete(dbMem, pStep->pWhere);
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(dbMem, pStep->pExprList);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(dbMem, pStep->pSelect);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(dbMem, p->pWhen);
    sqlite3DbFree(dbMem, p);
  }
}

/*
** Clear the apTrigger[] cache of CASCADE triggers for all foreign keys
** in a particular database.  This needs to happen when the schema
** changes.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
  HashElem *k;
  Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->tblHash;
  for(k=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
    Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(k);
    FKey *pFKey;
    if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
    for(pFKey=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
      fkTriggerDelete(db, pFKey->apTrigger[0]); pFKey->apTrigger[0] = 0;
      fkTriggerDelete(db, pFKey->apTrigger[1]); pFKey->apTrigger[1] = 0;
    }
  }
}

/*
** This function is called to generate code that runs when table pTab is
** being dropped from the database. The SrcList passed as the second argument
** to this function contains a single entry guaranteed to resolve to
** table pTab.
**

                   (opcode==OP_OpenWrite)?1:0, pTab->zName);
  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, opcode, iCur, pTab->tnum, iDb, pTab->nNVCol);
    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pTab->zName));
  }else{
    Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
    assert( pPk!=0 );
    assert( pPk->tnum==pTab->tnum || CORRUPT_DB );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, opcode, iCur, pPk->tnum, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pPk);
    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pTab->zName));
  }
}

/*

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                 /* True if attempting to insert into a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;          /* List of triggers on pTab, if required */
  int tmask;                  /* Mask of trigger times */
#endif

  db = pParse->db;
  assert( db->pParse==pParse );
  if( pParse->nErr ){
    goto insert_cleanup;
  }
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  dest.iSDParm = 0;  /* Suppress a harmless compiler warning */

  /* If the Select object is really just a simple VALUES() list with a
  ** single row (the common case) then keep that one row of values
  ** and discard the other (unused) parts of the pSelect object
  */
  if( pSelect && (pSelect->selFlags & SF_Values)!=0 && pSelect->pPrior==0 ){

    addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
    sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
    dest.iSdst = bIdListInOrder ? regData : 0;
    dest.nSdst = pTab->nCol;
    rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
    regFromSelect = dest.iSdst;
    assert( db->pParse==pParse );
    if( rc || pParse->nErr ) goto insert_cleanup;
    assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
    sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);                       /* label B: */
    assert( pSelect->pEList );
    nColumn = pSelect->pEList->nExpr;

    /* Set useTempTable to TRUE if the result of the SELECT statement
    ** should be written into a temporary table (template 4).  Set to

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( regRowCount ){
    sqlite3CodeChangeCount(v, regRowCount, "rows inserted");


  }

insert_cleanup:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
  sqlite3UpsertDelete(db, pUpsert);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);

    ** to some other UNIQUE constraint is FAIL or IGNORE, then we need
    ** to defer the running of the rowid conflict checking until after
    ** the UNIQUE constraints have run.
    */
    if( onError==OE_Replace      /* IPK rule is REPLACE */
     && onError!=overrideError   /* Rules for other constraints are different */
     && pTab->pIndex             /* There exist other constraints */
     && !upsertIpkDelay          /* IPK check already deferred by UPSERT */
    ){
      ipkTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto)+1;
      VdbeComment((v, "defer IPK REPLACE until last"));
    }

    if( isUpdate ){
      /* pkChng!=0 does not mean that the rowid has changed, only that

    }
  }

  /* If the IPK constraint is a REPLACE, run it last */
  if( ipkTop ){
    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, ipkTop);
    VdbeComment((v, "Do IPK REPLACE"));
    assert( ipkBottom>0 );
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, ipkBottom);
  }

  /* Recheck all uniqueness constraints after replace triggers have run */
  testcase( regTrigCnt!=0 && nReplaceTrig==0 );
  assert( regTrigCnt!=0 || nReplaceTrig==0 );
  if( nReplaceTrig ){

    if( aRegIdx[i]==0 ) continue;
    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, aRegIdx[i], sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    pik_flags = (useSeekResult ? OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT : 0);
    if( IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) && !HasRowid(pTab) ){

      pik_flags |= OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
      pik_flags |= (update_flags & OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION);
      if( update_flags==0 ){
        codeWithoutRowidPreupdate(pParse, pTab, iIdxCur+i, aRegIdx[i]);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iIdxCur+i, aRegIdx[i],

  /* Version 3.36.1 and later */
  sqlite3_int64 (*changes64)(sqlite3*);
  sqlite3_int64 (*total_changes64)(sqlite3*);
  /* Version 3.37.0 and later */
  int (*autovacuum_pages)(sqlite3*,
     unsigned int(*)(void*,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
     void*, void(*)(void*));
  /* Version 3.38.0 and later */
  int (*error_offset)(sqlite3*);
  int (*vtab_rhs_value)(sqlite3_index_info*,int,sqlite3_value**);
  int (*vtab_distinct)(sqlite3_index_info*);
  int (*vtab_in)(sqlite3_index_info*,int,int);
  int (*vtab_in_first)(sqlite3_value*,sqlite3_value**);
  int (*vtab_in_next)(sqlite3_value*,sqlite3_value**);
};

/*
** This is the function signature used for all extension entry points.  It
** is also defined in the file "loadext.c".
*/
typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(

/* Version 3.34.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_txn_state              sqlite3_api->txn_state
/* Version 3.36.1 and later */
#define sqlite3_changes64              sqlite3_api->changes64
#define sqlite3_total_changes64        sqlite3_api->total_changes64
/* Version 3.37.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_autovacuum_pages       sqlite3_api->autovacuum_pages
/* Version 3.38.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_error_offset           sqlite3_api->error_offset
#define sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value         sqlite3_api->vtab_rhs_value
#define sqlite3_vtab_distinct          sqlite3_api->vtab_distinct
#define sqlite3_vtab_in                sqlite3_api->vtab_in
#define sqlite3_vtab_in_first          sqlite3_api->vtab_in_first
#define sqlite3_vtab_in_next           sqlite3_api->vtab_in_next
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */

#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable
  ** extension */
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api=0;
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api=v;

  /* Version 3.34.0 and later */
  sqlite3_txn_state,
  /* Version 3.36.1 and later */
  sqlite3_changes64,
  sqlite3_total_changes64,
  /* Version 3.37.0 and later */
  sqlite3_autovacuum_pages,
  /* Version 3.38.0 and later */
  sqlite3_error_offset,
  sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value,
  sqlite3_vtab_distinct,
  sqlite3_vtab_in,
  sqlite3_vtab_in_first,
  sqlite3_vtab_in_next
};

/* True if x is the directory separator character
*/
#if SQLITE_OS_WIN
# define DirSep(X)  ((X)=='/'||(X)=='\\')
#else

            char *zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "SELECT*FROM\"%w\"", pTab->zName);
            if( zSql ){
              sqlite3_stmt *pDummy = 0;
              (void)sqlite3_prepare(db, zSql, -1, &pDummy, 0);
              (void)sqlite3_finalize(pDummy);
              sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
            }
            if( db->mallocFailed ){
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(db->pParse, "out of memory");
              db->pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
            }
            pHash = &db->aDb[ii].pSchema->tblHash;
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      for(k=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k) ){

  }
  return i;
}

/*
** Free all memory allocations in the pParse object
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParseObjectReset(Parse *pParse){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  assert( db!=0 );
  assert( db->pParse==pParse );
  assert( pParse->nested==0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aTableLock);
#endif
  while( pParse->pCleanup ){
    ParseCleanup *pCleanup = pParse->pCleanup;
    pParse->pCleanup = pCleanup->pNext;
    pCleanup->xCleanup(db, pCleanup->pPtr);
    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pCleanup);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aLabel);
  if( pParse->pConstExpr ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pParse->pConstExpr);
  }

  assert( db->lookaside.bDisable >= pParse->disableLookaside );
  db->lookaside.bDisable -= pParse->disableLookaside;
  db->lookaside.sz = db->lookaside.bDisable ? 0 : db->lookaside.szTrue;

  assert( pParse->db->pParse==pParse );
  db->pParse = pParse->pOuterParse;
  pParse->db = 0;
  pParse->disableLookaside = 0;
}

/*
** Add a new cleanup operation to a Parser.  The cleanup should happen when
** the parser object is destroyed.  But, beware: the cleanup might happen
** immediately.
**
** Use this mechanism for uncommon cleanups.  There is a higher setup
** cost for this mechansim (an extra malloc), so it should not be used
** for common cleanups that happen on most calls.  But for less
** common cleanups, we save a single NULL-pointer comparison in
** sqlite3ParseObjectReset(), which reduces the total CPU cycle count.
**
** If a memory allocation error occurs, then the cleanup happens immediately.
** When either SQLITE_DEBUG or SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST are defined, the
** pParse->earlyCleanup flag is set in that case.  Calling code show verify
** that test cases exist for which this happens, to guard against possible
** use-after-free errors following an OOM.  The preferred way to do this is
** to immediately follow the call to this routine with:

    pPtr = 0;
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
    pParse->earlyCleanup = 1;
#endif
  }
  return pPtr;
}

/*
** Turn bulk memory into a valid Parse object and link that Parse object
** into database connection db.
**
** Call sqlite3ParseObjectReset() to undo this operation.
**
** Caution:  Do not confuse this routine with sqlite3ParseObjectInit() which
** is generated by Lemon.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParseObjectInit(Parse *pParse, sqlite3 *db){
  memset(PARSE_HDR(pParse), 0, PARSE_HDR_SZ);
  memset(PARSE_TAIL(pParse), 0, PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
  assert( db->pParse!=pParse );
  pParse->pOuterParse = db->pParse;
  db->pParse = pParse;
  pParse->db = db;
  if( db->mallocFailed ) sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "out of memory");
}

/*
** Compile the UTF-8 encoded SQL statement zSql into a statement handle.
*/
static int sqlite3Prepare(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  Vdbe *pReprepare,         /* VM being reprepared */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;       /* Result code */
  int i;                    /* Loop counter */
  Parse sParse;             /* Parsing context */

  /* sqlite3ParseObjectInit(&sParse, db); // inlined for performance */
  memset(PARSE_HDR(&sParse), 0, PARSE_HDR_SZ);
  memset(PARSE_TAIL(&sParse), 0, PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
  sParse.pOuterParse = db->pParse;
  db->pParse = &sParse;
  sParse.db = db;
  sParse.pReprepare = pReprepare;
  assert( ppStmt && *ppStmt==0 );
  if( db->mallocFailed ) sqlite3ErrorMsg(&sParse, "out of memory");
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );

  /* For a long-term use prepared statement avoid the use of
  ** lookaside memory.
  */
  if( prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT ){
    sParse.disableLookaside++;

        }
      }
    }
  }

  sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);


  if( nBytes>=0 && (nBytes==0 || zSql[nBytes-1]!=0) ){
    char *zSqlCopy;
    int mxLen = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH];
    testcase( nBytes==mxLen );
    testcase( nBytes==mxLen+1 );
    if( nBytes>mxLen ){
      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_TOOBIG, "statement too long");
      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_TOOBIG);
      goto end_prepare;
    }
    zSqlCopy = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zSql, nBytes);
    if( zSqlCopy ){
      sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zSqlCopy);
      sParse.zTail = &zSql[sParse.zTail-zSqlCopy];
      sqlite3DbFree(db, zSqlCopy);
    }else{
      sParse.zTail = &zSql[nBytes];
    }
  }else{
    sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zSql);
  }
  assert( 0==sParse.nQueryLoop );

  if( pzTail ){
    *pzTail = sParse.zTail;
  }

  if( db->init.busy==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(sParse.pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), prepFlags);
  }
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    sParse.rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    sParse.checkSchema = 0;
  }
  if( sParse.rc!=SQLITE_OK && sParse.rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
    if( sParse.checkSchema && db->init.busy==0 ){
      schemaIsValid(&sParse);
    }
    if( sParse.pVdbe ){
      sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
    }
    assert( 0==(*ppStmt) );
    rc = sParse.rc;
    if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, "%s", sParse.zErrMsg);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, sParse.zErrMsg);
    }else{
      sqlite3Error(db, rc);
    }
  }else{
    assert( sParse.zErrMsg==0 );
    *ppStmt = (sqlite3_stmt*)sParse.pVdbe;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
    sqlite3ErrorClear(db);
  }


  /* Delete any TriggerPrg structures allocated while parsing this statement. */
  while( sParse.pTriggerPrg ){
    TriggerPrg *pT = sParse.pTriggerPrg;
    sParse.pTriggerPrg = pT->pNext;
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pT);
  }

end_prepare:

  sqlite3ParseObjectReset(&sParse);
  return rc;
}
static int sqlite3LockAndPrepare(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */

  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  do{
    /* Make multiple attempts to compile the SQL, until it either succeeds
    ** or encounters a permanent error.  A schema problem after one schema
    ** reset is considered a permanent error. */
    rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, prepFlags, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || *ppStmt==0 );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed ) break;
  }while( rc==SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY
       || (rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA && (sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db,-1), cnt++)==0) );
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);

  assert( pE2!=0 || pEq==0 );  /* Due to db->mallocFailed test
                               ** in sqlite3DbMallocRawNN() called from
                               ** sqlite3PExpr(). */
  if( pEq && isOuterJoin ){
    ExprSetProperty(pEq, EP_FromJoin);
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pEq, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetVVAProperty(pEq, EP_NoReduce);
    pEq->w.iRightJoinTable = pE2->iTable;
  }
  *ppWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, *ppWhere, pEq);
}

/*
** Set the EP_FromJoin property on all terms of the given expression.
** And set the Expr.w.iRightJoinTable to iTable for every term in the
** expression.
**
** The EP_FromJoin property is used on terms of an expression to tell
** the LEFT OUTER JOIN processing logic that this term is part of the
** join restriction specified in the ON or USING clause and not a part
** of the more general WHERE clause.  These terms are moved over to the
** WHERE clause during join processing but we need to remember that they
** originated in the ON or USING clause.
**
** The Expr.w.iRightJoinTable tells the WHERE clause processing that the
** expression depends on table w.iRightJoinTable even if that table is not
** explicitly mentioned in the expression.  That information is needed
** for cases like this:
**
**    SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.b AND t1.x=5
**
** The where clause needs to defer the handling of the t1.x=5
** term until after the t2 loop of the join.  In that way, a
** NULL t2 row will be inserted whenever t1.x!=5.  If we do not
** defer the handling of t1.x=5, it will be processed immediately
** after the t1 loop and rows with t1.x!=5 will never appear in
** the output, which is incorrect.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
  while( p ){
    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetVVAProperty(p, EP_NoReduce);
    p->w.iRightJoinTable = iTable;
    if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
      if( p->x.pList ){
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
          sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable);
        }
      }
    }
    sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
    p = p->pRight;
  }
}

/* Undo the work of sqlite3SetJoinExpr(). In the expression p, convert every
** term that is marked with EP_FromJoin and w.iRightJoinTable==iTable into
** an ordinary term that omits the EP_FromJoin mark.
**
** This happens when a LEFT JOIN is simplified into an ordinary JOIN.
*/
static void unsetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
  while( p ){
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin)
     && (iTable<0 || p->w.iRightJoinTable==iTable) ){
      ExprClearProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
    }
    if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && p->iTable==iTable ){
      ExprClearProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull);
    }
    if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );

    p->nKeyField = (u16)N;
    p->nAllField = (u16)(N+X);
    p->enc = ENC(db);
    p->db = db;
    p->nRef = 1;
    memset(&p[1], 0, nExtra);
  }else{
    return (KeyInfo*)sqlite3OomFault(db);
  }
  return p;
}

/*
** Deallocate a KeyInfo object
*/

    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, pSort->aDefer[i].iCsr, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
    nRefKey = MAX(nRefKey, pSort->aDefer[i].nKey);
  }
#endif

  iTab = pSort->iECursor;
  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Mem ){
    if( eDest==SRT_Mem && p->iOffset ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pDest->iSdst);
    }
    regRowid = 0;
    regRow = pDest->iSdst;
  }else{
    regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    if( eDest==SRT_EphemTab || eDest==SRT_Table ){
      regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      nColumn = 0;

  assert( pTab->nCol==pSelect->pEList->nExpr || db->mallocFailed );
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pSrcList = pSelect->pSrc;
  a = pSelect->pEList->a;
  for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
    const char *zType;
    i64 n, m;
    pTab->tabFlags |= (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT);
    p = a[i].pExpr;
    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0);
    /* pCol->szEst = ... // Column size est for SELECT tables never used */
    pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
    if( zType ){
      m = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);

static int multiSelectOrderBy(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
){
  int i, j;             /* Loop counters */
  Select *pPrior;       /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
  Select *pSplit;       /* Left-most SELECT in the right-hand group */
  int nSelect;          /* Number of SELECT statements in the compound */
  Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code to this VDBE */
  SelectDest destA;     /* Destination for coroutine A */
  SelectDest destB;     /* Destination for coroutine B */
  int regAddrA;         /* Address register for select-A coroutine */
  int regAddrB;         /* Address register for select-B coroutine */
  int addrSelectA;      /* Address of the select-A coroutine */
  int addrSelectB;      /* Address of the select-B coroutine */