Appreciate your experience in this matter. It has also been on my radar to 'fix' that situation. The way I handle multiple docs by the same author is to increment the docid for that author. I do have an 'authors' table <pre> CREATE TABLE authors ( id integer not null primary key autoincrement, author text, authorid integer, docid integer); </pre> so essentially the same as your suggestion without the linkage tables. That's what I'm using authorid and docid for. Some typical Perl code: <pre> $sth=$dbh->prepare(qq{select title,docs.authorid,docs.docid,pubyear,source,filename,author, ( select group_concat(keyword) from keywords where keywords.docid = docs.docid and keywords.authorid = docs.authorid ) from docs order by docs.id desc limit 5}); </pre> Now that I have this situation solved I can work on 'normalizing' the rest of the DB and any tweaking. Thank you for your experience.