000001 # 2010 July 16
000002 #
000003 # The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
000004 # a legal notice, here is a blessing:
000005 #
000006 # May you do good and not evil.
000007 # May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
000008 # May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
000009 #
000010 #***********************************************************************
000011 #
000012 # This file implements tests to verify that the "testable statements" in
000013 # the lang_select.html document are correct.
000014 #
000015
000016 set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
000017 source $testdir/tester.tcl
000018
000019 ifcapable !compound {
000020 finish_test
000021 return
000022 }
000023
000024 do_execsql_test e_select-1.0 {
000025 CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
000026 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('a', 'one');
000027 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('b', 'two');
000028 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('c', 'three');
000029
000030 CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
000031 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('a', 'I');
000032 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('b', 'II');
000033 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('c', 'III');
000034
000035 CREATE TABLE t3(a, c);
000036 INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('a', 1);
000037 INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('b', 2);
000038
000039 CREATE TABLE t4(a, c);
000040 INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('a', NULL);
000041 INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('b', 2);
000042 } {}
000043 set t1_cross_t2 [list \
000044 a one a I a one b II \
000045 a one c III b two a I \
000046 b two b II b two c III \
000047 c three a I c three b II \
000048 c three c III \
000049 ]
000050 set t1_cross_t1 [list \
000051 a one a one a one b two \
000052 a one c three b two a one \
000053 b two b two b two c three \
000054 c three a one c three b two \
000055 c three c three \
000056 ]
000057
000058
000059 # This proc is a specialized version of [do_execsql_test].
000060 #
000061 # The second argument to this proc must be a SELECT statement that
000062 # features a cross join of some time. Instead of the usual ",",
000063 # "CROSS JOIN" or "INNER JOIN" join-op, the string %JOIN% must be
000064 # substituted.
000065 #
000066 # This test runs the SELECT three times - once with:
000067 #
000068 # * s/%JOIN%/,/
000069 # * s/%JOIN%/JOIN/
000070 # * s/%JOIN%/INNER JOIN/
000071 # * s/%JOIN%/CROSS JOIN/
000072 #
000073 # and checks that each time the results of the SELECT are $res.
000074 #
000075 proc do_join_test {tn select res} {
000076 foreach {tn2 joinop} [list 1 , 2 "CROSS JOIN" 3 "INNER JOIN"] {
000077 set S [string map [list %JOIN% $joinop] $select]
000078 uplevel do_execsql_test $tn.$tn2 [list $S] [list $res]
000079 }
000080 }
000081
000082 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
000083 # The following tests check that all paths on the syntax diagrams on
000084 # the lang_select.html page may be taken.
000085 #
000086 # -- syntax diagram join-constraint
000087 #
000088 do_join_test e_select-0.1.1 {
000089 SELECT count(*) FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a)
000090 } {3}
000091 do_join_test e_select-0.1.2 {
000092 SELECT count(*) FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 USING (a)
000093 } {3}
000094 do_join_test e_select-0.1.3 {
000095 SELECT count(*) FROM t1 %JOIN% t2
000096 } {9}
000097 do_catchsql_test e_select-0.1.4 {
000098 SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a) USING (a)
000099 } {1 {near "USING": syntax error}}
000100 do_catchsql_test e_select-0.1.5 {
000101 SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 USING (a) ON (t1.a=t2.a)
000102 } {1 {near "ON": syntax error}}
000103
000104 # -- syntax diagram select-core
000105 #
000106 # 0: SELECT ...
000107 # 1: SELECT DISTINCT ...
000108 # 2: SELECT ALL ...
000109 #
000110 # 0: No FROM clause
000111 # 1: Has FROM clause
000112 #
000113 # 0: No WHERE clause
000114 # 1: Has WHERE clause
000115 #
000116 # 0: No GROUP BY clause
000117 # 1: Has GROUP BY clause
000118 # 2: Has GROUP BY and HAVING clauses
000119 #
000120 do_select_tests e_select-0.2 {
000121 0000.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 " {1 2 3}
000122 1000.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 " {1 2 3}
000123 2000.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 " {1 2 3}
000124
000125 0100.1 "SELECT a, b, a||b FROM t1 " {
000126 a one aone b two btwo c three cthree
000127 }
000128 1100.1 "SELECT DISTINCT a, b, a||b FROM t1 " {
000129 a one aone b two btwo c three cthree
000130 }
000131 1200.1 "SELECT ALL a, b, a||b FROM t1 " {
000132 a one aone b two btwo c three cthree
000133 }
000134
000135 0010.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 " {1 2 3}
000136 0010.2 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 " {}
000137 0010.3 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE NULL " {}
000138
000139 1010.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 " {1 2 3}
000140
000141 2010.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 " {1 2 3}
000142
000143 0110.1 "SELECT a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a!='x' " {
000144 a one aone b two btwo c three cthree
000145 }
000146 0110.2 "SELECT a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a=='x'" {}
000147
000148 1110.1 "SELECT DISTINCT a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a!='x' " {
000149 a one aone b two btwo c three cthree
000150 }
000151
000152 2110.0 "SELECT ALL a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a=='x'" {}
000153
000154 0001.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3}
000155 0002.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {1 2 3}
000156 0002.2 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {}
000157
000158 1001.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3}
000159 1002.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {1 2 3}
000160 1002.2 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {}
000161
000162 2001.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3}
000163 2002.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {1 2 3}
000164 2002.2 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {}
000165
000166 0101.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b" {1 a 1 c 1 b}
000167 0102.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" {
000168 1 a 1 c 1 b
000169 }
000170 0102.2 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" {}
000171
000172 1101.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b" {1 a 1 c 1 b}
000173 1102.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1
000174 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" {
000175 1 a 1 c 1 b
000176 }
000177 1102.2 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1
000178 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" {}
000179
000180 2101.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b" {1 a 1 c 1 b}
000181 2102.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1
000182 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" {
000183 1 a 1 c 1 b
000184 }
000185 2102.2 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1
000186 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" {}
000187
000188 0011.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3}
000189 0012.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {}
000190 0012.2 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {}
000191
000192 1011.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2" {}
000193 1012.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1"
000194 {1 2 3}
000195 1012.2 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE NULL GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {}
000196
000197 2011.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3}
000198 2012.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {}
000199 2012.2 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 'abc' GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {}
000200
000201 0111.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a='a' GROUP BY b" {1 a}
000202 0112.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1
000203 WHERE a='c' GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" {1 c}
000204 0112.2 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1
000205 WHERE 0 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" {}
000206 1111.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a<'c' GROUP BY b"
000207 {1 a 1 b}
000208 1112.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a>'a'
000209 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" {
000210 1 c 1 b
000211 }
000212 1112.2 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE 0
000213 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" {}
000214
000215 2111.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE b>'one' GROUP BY b"
000216 {1 c 1 b}
000217 2112.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a!='b'
000218 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" {
000219 1 a 1 c
000220 }
000221 2112.2 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1
000222 WHERE 0 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" {}
000223 }
000224
000225
000226 # -- syntax diagram result-column
000227 #
000228 do_select_tests e_select-0.3 {
000229 1 "SELECT * FROM t1" {a one b two c three}
000230 2 "SELECT t1.* FROM t1" {a one b two c three}
000231 3 "SELECT 'x'||a||'x' FROM t1" {xax xbx xcx}
000232 4 "SELECT 'x'||a||'x' alias FROM t1" {xax xbx xcx}
000233 5 "SELECT 'x'||a||'x' AS alias FROM t1" {xax xbx xcx}
000234 }
000235
000236 # -- syntax diagram join-source
000237 #
000238 # -- syntax diagram join-op
000239 #
000240 do_select_tests e_select-0.4 {
000241 1 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1" {1 2 3}
000242 2 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1,t2" {1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3}
000243 3 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1,t2,t3" {1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3}
000244
000245 4 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1" {1 2 3}
000246 5 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 JOIN t2" {1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3}
000247 6 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 JOIN t2 JOIN t3"
000248 {1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3}
000249
000250 7 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t3" {1 2}
000251 8 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN t3" {1 2 3}
000252 9 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3" {1 2 3}
000253 10 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL INNER JOIN t3" {1 2}
000254 11 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL CROSS JOIN t3" {1 2}
000255
000256 12 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3}
000257 13 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3}
000258 14 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3}
000259 15 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 INNER JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3}
000260 16 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3}
000261 }
000262
000263 # -- syntax diagram compound-operator
000264 #
000265 do_select_tests e_select-0.5 {
000266 1 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {1 2 3 3 4}
000267 2 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 UNION SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {1 2 3 4}
000268 3 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {3}
000269 4 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {1 2}
000270 }
000271
000272 # -- syntax diagram ordering-term
000273 #
000274 do_select_tests e_select-0.6 {
000275 1 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY b||a" {onea threec twob}
000276 2 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY (b||a) COLLATE nocase" {onea threec twob}
000277 3 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY (b||a) ASC" {onea threec twob}
000278 4 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY (b||a) DESC" {twob threec onea}
000279 }
000280
000281 # -- syntax diagram select-stmt
000282 #
000283 do_select_tests e_select-0.7 {
000284 1 "SELECT * FROM t1" {a one b two c three}
000285 2 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY b" {a one c three b two}
000286 3 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY b, a" {a one c three b two}
000287
000288 4 "SELECT * FROM t1 LIMIT 10" {a one b two c three}
000289 5 "SELECT * FROM t1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" {}
000290 6 "SELECT * FROM t1 LIMIT 10, 5" {}
000291
000292 7 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10" {a one b two c three}
000293 8 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY b LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" {}
000294 9 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b LIMIT 10, 5" {}
000295
000296 10 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1"
000297 {a one b two c three one a three c two b}
000298 11 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY b"
000299 {one a two b three c a one c three b two}
000300 12 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY b, a"
000301 {one a two b three c a one c three b two}
000302 13 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 LIMIT 10"
000303 {a one b two c three one a three c two b}
000304 14 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5"
000305 {two b}
000306 15 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 LIMIT 10, 5"
000307 {}
000308 16 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10"
000309 {a one b two c three one a three c two b}
000310 17 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY b LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5"
000311 {b two}
000312 18 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b LIMIT 10, 5"
000313 {}
000314 }
000315
000316 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
000317 # The following tests focus on FROM clause (join) processing.
000318 #
000319
000320 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-16074-54196 If the FROM clause is omitted from a simple
000321 # SELECT statement, then the input data is implicitly a single row zero
000322 # columns wide
000323 #
000324 do_select_tests e_select-1.1 {
000325 1 "SELECT 'abc'" {abc}
000326 2 "SELECT 'abc' WHERE NULL" {}
000327 3 "SELECT NULL" {{}}
000328 4 "SELECT count(*)" {1}
000329 5 "SELECT count(*) WHERE 0" {0}
000330 6 "SELECT count(*) WHERE 1" {1}
000331 }
000332
000333 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-45424-07352 If there is only a single table or subquery
000334 # in the FROM clause, then the input data used by the SELECT statement
000335 # is the contents of the named table.
000336 #
000337 # The results of the SELECT queries suggest that they are operating on the
000338 # contents of the table 'xx'.
000339 #
000340 do_execsql_test e_select-1.2.0 {
000341 CREATE TABLE xx(x, y);
000342 INSERT INTO xx VALUES('IiJlsIPepMuAhU', X'10B00B897A15BAA02E3F98DCE8F2');
000343 INSERT INTO xx VALUES(NULL, -16.87);
000344 INSERT INTO xx VALUES(-17.89, 'linguistically');
000345 } {}
000346 do_select_tests e_select-1.2 {
000347 1 "SELECT quote(x), quote(y) FROM xx" {
000348 'IiJlsIPepMuAhU' X'10B00B897A15BAA02E3F98DCE8F2'
000349 NULL -16.87
000350 -17.89 'linguistically'
000351 }
000352
000353 2 "SELECT count(*), count(x), count(y) FROM xx" {3 2 3}
000354 3 "SELECT sum(x), sum(y) FROM xx" {-17.89 -16.87}
000355 }
000356
000357 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-28355-09804 If there is more than one table or subquery
000358 # in FROM clause then the contents of all tables and/or subqueries are
000359 # joined into a single dataset for the simple SELECT statement to
000360 # operate on.
000361 #
000362 # There are more detailed tests for subsequent requirements that add
000363 # more detail to this idea. We just add a single test that shows that
000364 # data is coming from each of the three tables following the FROM clause
000365 # here to show that the statement, vague as it is, is not incorrect.
000366 #
000367 do_select_tests e_select-1.3 {
000368 1 "SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3" {
000369 a one a I a 1 a one a I b 2 a one b II a 1
000370 a one b II b 2 a one c III a 1 a one c III b 2
000371 b two a I a 1 b two a I b 2 b two b II a 1
000372 b two b II b 2 b two c III a 1 b two c III b 2
000373 c three a I a 1 c three a I b 2 c three b II a 1
000374 c three b II b 2 c three c III a 1 c three c III b 2
000375 }
000376 }
000377
000378 #
000379 # The following block of tests - e_select-1.4.* - test that the description
000380 # of cartesian joins in the SELECT documentation is consistent with SQLite.
000381 # In doing so, we test the following three requirements as a side-effect:
000382 #
000383 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49872-03192 If the join-operator is "CROSS JOIN",
000384 # "INNER JOIN", "JOIN" or a comma (",") and there is no ON or USING
000385 # clause, then the result of the join is simply the cartesian product of
000386 # the left and right-hand datasets.
000387 #
000388 # The tests are built on this assertion. Really, they test that the output
000389 # of a CROSS JOIN, JOIN, INNER JOIN or "," join matches the expected result
000390 # of calculating the cartesian product of the left and right-hand datasets.
000391 #
000392 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-46256-57243 There is no difference between the "INNER
000393 # JOIN", "JOIN" and "," join operators.
000394 #
000395 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-25071-21202 The "CROSS JOIN" join operator produces the
000396 # same result as the "INNER JOIN", "JOIN" and "," operators
000397 #
000398 # All tests are run 4 times, with the only difference in each run being
000399 # which of the 4 equivalent cartesian product join operators are used.
000400 # Since the output data is the same in all cases, we consider that this
000401 # qualifies as testing the two statements above.
000402 #
000403 do_execsql_test e_select-1.4.0 {
000404 CREATE TABLE x1(a, b);
000405 CREATE TABLE x2(c, d, e);
000406 CREATE TABLE x3(f, g, h, i);
000407
000408 -- x1: 3 rows, 2 columns
000409 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(24, 'converging');
000410 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(NULL, X'CB71');
000411 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES('blonds', 'proprietary');
000412
000413 -- x2: 2 rows, 3 columns
000414 INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(-60.06, NULL, NULL);
000415 INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(-58, NULL, 1.21);
000416
000417 -- x3: 5 rows, 4 columns
000418 INSERT INTO x3 VALUES(-39.24, NULL, 'encompass', -1);
000419 INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('presenting', 51, 'reformation', 'dignified');
000420 INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('conducting', -87.24, 37.56, NULL);
000421 INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('coldest', -96, 'dramatists', 82.3);
000422 INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('alerting', NULL, -93.79, NULL);
000423 } {}
000424
000425 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-59089-25828 The columns of the cartesian product
000426 # dataset are, in order, all the columns of the left-hand dataset
000427 # followed by all the columns of the right-hand dataset.
000428 #
000429 do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.1 {
000430 SELECT * FROM x1 %JOIN% x2 LIMIT 1
000431 } [concat {24 converging} {-60.06 {} {}}]
000432
000433 do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.2 {
000434 SELECT * FROM x2 %JOIN% x1 LIMIT 1
000435 } [concat {-60.06 {} {}} {24 converging}]
000436
000437 do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.3 {
000438 SELECT * FROM x3 %JOIN% x2 LIMIT 1
000439 } [concat {-39.24 {} encompass -1} {-60.06 {} {}}]
000440
000441 do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.4 {
000442 SELECT * FROM x2 %JOIN% x3 LIMIT 1
000443 } [concat {-60.06 {} {}} {-39.24 {} encompass -1}]
000444
000445 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44414-54710 There is a row in the cartesian product
000446 # dataset formed by combining each unique combination of a row from the
000447 # left-hand and right-hand datasets.
000448 #
000449 do_join_test e_select-1.4.2.1 {
000450 SELECT * FROM x2 %JOIN% x3 ORDER BY +c, +f
000451 } [list -60.06 {} {} -39.24 {} encompass -1 \
000452 -60.06 {} {} alerting {} -93.79 {} \
000453 -60.06 {} {} coldest -96 dramatists 82.3 \
000454 -60.06 {} {} conducting -87.24 37.56 {} \
000455 -60.06 {} {} presenting 51 reformation dignified \
000456 -58 {} 1.21 -39.24 {} encompass -1 \
000457 -58 {} 1.21 alerting {} -93.79 {} \
000458 -58 {} 1.21 coldest -96 dramatists 82.3 \
000459 -58 {} 1.21 conducting -87.24 37.56 {} \
000460 -58 {} 1.21 presenting 51 reformation dignified \
000461 ]
000462 # TODO: Come back and add a few more like the above.
000463
000464 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-18439-38548 In other words, if the left-hand dataset
000465 # consists of Nleft rows of Mleft columns, and the right-hand dataset of
000466 # Nright rows of Mright columns, then the cartesian product is a dataset
000467 # of Nleft×Nright rows, each containing Mleft+Mright columns.
000468 #
000469 # x1, x2 (Nlhs=3, Nrhs=2) (Mlhs=2, Mrhs=3)
000470 do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.1 {
000471 SELECT count(*) FROM x1 %JOIN% x2
000472 } [expr 3*2]
000473 do_test e_select-1.4.3.2 {
000474 expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x1, x2}]] / 6}
000475 } [expr 2+3]
000476
000477 # x2, x3 (Nlhs=2, Nrhs=5) (Mlhs=3, Mrhs=4)
000478 do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.3 {
000479 SELECT count(*) FROM x2 %JOIN% x3
000480 } [expr 2*5]
000481 do_test e_select-1.4.3.4 {
000482 expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x2 JOIN x3}]] / 10}
000483 } [expr 3+4]
000484
000485 # x3, x1 (Nlhs=5, Nrhs=3) (Mlhs=4, Mrhs=2)
000486 do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.5 {
000487 SELECT count(*) FROM x3 %JOIN% x1
000488 } [expr 5*3]
000489 do_test e_select-1.4.3.6 {
000490 expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x3 CROSS JOIN x1}]] / 15}
000491 } [expr 4+2]
000492
000493 # x3, x3 (Nlhs=5, Nrhs=5) (Mlhs=4, Mrhs=4)
000494 do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.7 {
000495 SELECT count(*) FROM x3 %JOIN% x3
000496 } [expr 5*5]
000497 do_test e_select-1.4.3.8 {
000498 expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x3 INNER JOIN x3 AS x4}]] / 25}
000499 } [expr 4+4]
000500
000501 # Some extra cartesian product tests using tables t1 and t2.
000502 #
000503 do_execsql_test e_select-1.4.4.1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t2 } $t1_cross_t2
000504 do_execsql_test e_select-1.4.4.2 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS x, t1 AS y} $t1_cross_t1
000505
000506 do_select_tests e_select-1.4.5 [list \
000507 1 { SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t2 } $t1_cross_t2 \
000508 2 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS y CROSS JOIN t1 AS x } $t1_cross_t1 \
000509 3 { SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 } $t1_cross_t2 \
000510 4 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS y INNER JOIN t1 AS x } $t1_cross_t1 \
000511 ]
000512
000513 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38465-03616 If there is an ON clause then the ON
000514 # expression is evaluated for each row of the cartesian product as a
000515 # boolean expression. Only rows for which the expression evaluates to
000516 # true are included from the dataset.
000517 #
000518 foreach {tn select res} [list \
000519 1 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (1) } $t1_cross_t2 \
000520 2 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (0) } [list] \
000521 3 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (NULL) } [list] \
000522 4 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('abc') } [list] \
000523 5 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('1ab') } $t1_cross_t2 \
000524 6 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (0.9) } $t1_cross_t2 \
000525 7 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('0.9') } $t1_cross_t2 \
000526 8 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (0.0) } [list] \
000527 \
000528 9 { SELECT t1.b, t2.b FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a) } \
000529 {one I two II three III} \
000530 10 { SELECT t1.b, t2.b FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a = 'a') } \
000531 {one I one II one III} \
000532 11 { SELECT t1.b, t2.b
000533 FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (CASE WHEN t1.a = 'a' THEN NULL ELSE 1 END) } \
000534 {two I two II two III three I three II three III} \
000535 ] {
000536 do_join_test e_select-1.3.$tn $select $res
000537 }
000538
000539 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49933-05137 If there is a USING clause then each of the
000540 # column names specified must exist in the datasets to both the left and
000541 # right of the join-operator.
000542 #
000543 do_select_tests e_select-1.4 -error {
000544 cannot join using column %s - column not present in both tables
000545 } {
000546 1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t3 USING (b) } "b"
000547 2 { SELECT * FROM t3, t1 USING (c) } "c"
000548 3 { SELECT * FROM t3, (SELECT a AS b, b AS c FROM t1) USING (a) } "a"
000549 }
000550
000551 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22776-52830 For each pair of named columns, the
000552 # expression "lhs.X = rhs.X" is evaluated for each row of the cartesian
000553 # product as a boolean expression. Only rows for which all such
000554 # expressions evaluates to true are included from the result set.
000555 #
000556 do_select_tests e_select-1.5 {
000557 1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t3 USING (a) } {a one 1 b two 2}
000558 2 { SELECT * FROM t3, t4 USING (a,c) } {b 2}
000559 }
000560
000561 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-54046-48600 When comparing values as a result of a
000562 # USING clause, the normal rules for handling affinities, collation
000563 # sequences and NULL values in comparisons apply.
000564 #
000565 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38422-04402 The column from the dataset on the
000566 # left-hand side of the join-operator is considered to be on the
000567 # left-hand side of the comparison operator (=) for the purposes of
000568 # collation sequence and affinity precedence.
000569 #
000570 do_execsql_test e_select-1.6.0 {
000571 CREATE TABLE t5(a COLLATE nocase, b COLLATE binary);
000572 INSERT INTO t5 VALUES('AA', 'cc');
000573 INSERT INTO t5 VALUES('BB', 'dd');
000574 INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
000575 CREATE TABLE t6(a COLLATE binary, b COLLATE nocase);
000576 INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('aa', 'cc');
000577 INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('bb', 'DD');
000578 INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
000579 } {}
000580 foreach {tn select res} {
000581 1 { SELECT * FROM t5 %JOIN% t6 USING (a) } {AA cc cc BB dd DD}
000582 2 { SELECT * FROM t6 %JOIN% t5 USING (a) } {}
000583 3 { SELECT * FROM (SELECT a COLLATE nocase, b FROM t6) %JOIN% t5 USING (a) }
000584 {aa cc cc bb DD dd}
000585 4 { SELECT * FROM t5 %JOIN% t6 USING (a,b) } {AA cc}
000586 5 { SELECT * FROM t6 %JOIN% t5 USING (a,b) } {}
000587 } {
000588 do_join_test e_select-1.6.$tn $select $res
000589 }
000590
000591 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-57047-10461 For each pair of columns identified by a
000592 # USING clause, the column from the right-hand dataset is omitted from
000593 # the joined dataset.
000594 #
000595 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-56132-15700 This is the only difference between a USING
000596 # clause and its equivalent ON constraint.
000597 #
000598 foreach {tn select res} {
000599 1a { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 USING (a) }
000600 {a one I b two II c three III}
000601 1b { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a) }
000602 {a one a I b two b II c three c III}
000603
000604 2a { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 USING (a) }
000605 {a 1 {} b 2 2}
000606 2b { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 ON (t3.a=t4.a) }
000607 {a 1 a {} b 2 b 2}
000608
000609 3a { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 USING (a,c) } {b 2}
000610 3b { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 ON (t3.a=t4.a AND t3.c=t4.c) } {b 2 b 2}
000611
000612 4a { SELECT * FROM (SELECT a COLLATE nocase, b FROM t6) AS x
000613 %JOIN% t5 USING (a) }
000614 {aa cc cc bb DD dd}
000615 4b { SELECT * FROM (SELECT a COLLATE nocase, b FROM t6) AS x
000616 %JOIN% t5 ON (x.a=t5.a) }
000617 {aa cc AA cc bb DD BB dd}
000618 } {
000619 do_join_test e_select-1.7.$tn $select $res
000620 }
000621
000622 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-24610-05866 If the join-operator is a "LEFT JOIN" or
000623 # "LEFT OUTER JOIN", then after the ON or USING filtering clauses have
000624 # been applied, an extra row is added to the output for each row in the
000625 # original left-hand input dataset that does not match any row in the
000626 # right-hand dataset.
000627 #
000628 do_execsql_test e_select-1.8.0 {
000629 CREATE TABLE t7(a, b, c);
000630 CREATE TABLE t8(a, d, e);
000631
000632 INSERT INTO t7 VALUES('x', 'ex', 24);
000633 INSERT INTO t7 VALUES('y', 'why', 25);
000634
000635 INSERT INTO t8 VALUES('x', 'abc', 24);
000636 INSERT INTO t8 VALUES('z', 'ghi', 26);
000637 } {}
000638
000639 do_select_tests e_select-1.8 {
000640 1a "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" {1}
000641 1b "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" {2}
000642 2a "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)" {1}
000643 2b "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 USING (a)" {2}
000644 }
000645
000646
000647 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-15607-52988 The added rows contain NULL values in the
000648 # columns that would normally contain values copied from the right-hand
000649 # input dataset.
000650 #
000651 do_select_tests e_select-1.9 {
000652 1a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" {x ex 24 x abc 24}
000653 1b "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)"
000654 {x ex 24 x abc 24 y why 25 {} {} {}}
000655 2a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24}
000656 2b "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24 y why 25 {} {}}
000657 }
000658
000659 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04932-55942 If the NATURAL keyword is in the
000660 # join-operator then an implicit USING clause is added to the
000661 # join-constraints. The implicit USING clause contains each of the
000662 # column names that appear in both the left and right-hand input
000663 # datasets.
000664 #
000665 do_select_tests e_select-1-10 {
000666 1a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24}
000667 1b "SELECT * FROM t7 NATURAL JOIN t8" {x ex 24 abc 24}
000668
000669 2a "SELECT * FROM t8 JOIN t7 USING (a)" {x abc 24 ex 24}
000670 2b "SELECT * FROM t8 NATURAL JOIN t7" {x abc 24 ex 24}
000671
000672 3a "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24 y why 25 {} {}}
000673 3b "SELECT * FROM t7 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t8" {x ex 24 abc 24 y why 25 {} {}}
000674
000675 4a "SELECT * FROM t8 LEFT JOIN t7 USING (a)" {x abc 24 ex 24 z ghi 26 {} {}}
000676 4b "SELECT * FROM t8 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t7" {x abc 24 ex 24 z ghi 26 {} {}}
000677
000678 5a "SELECT * FROM t3 JOIN t4 USING (a,c)" {b 2}
000679 5b "SELECT * FROM t3 NATURAL JOIN t4" {b 2}
000680
000681 6a "SELECT * FROM t3 LEFT JOIN t4 USING (a,c)" {a 1 b 2}
000682 6b "SELECT * FROM t3 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4" {a 1 b 2}
000683 }
000684
000685 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49566-01570 If the left and right-hand input datasets
000686 # feature no common column names, then the NATURAL keyword has no effect
000687 # on the results of the join.
000688 #
000689 do_execsql_test e_select-1.11.0 {
000690 CREATE TABLE t10(x, y);
000691 INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(1, 'true');
000692 INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(0, 'false');
000693 } {}
000694 do_select_tests e_select-1-11 {
000695 1a "SELECT a, x FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t10" {a 1 a 0 b 1 b 0 c 1 c 0}
000696 1b "SELECT a, x FROM t1 NATURAL CROSS JOIN t10" {a 1 a 0 b 1 b 0 c 1 c 0}
000697 }
000698
000699 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39625-59133 A USING or ON clause may not be added to a
000700 # join that specifies the NATURAL keyword.
000701 #
000702 foreach {tn sql} {
000703 1 {SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2 USING (a)}
000704 2 {SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a)}
000705 3 {SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2 ON (45)}
000706 } {
000707 do_catchsql_test e_select-1.12.$tn "
000708 $sql
000709 " {1 {a NATURAL join may not have an ON or USING clause}}
000710 }
000711
000712 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
000713 # The next block of tests - e_select-3.* - concentrate on verifying
000714 # statements made regarding WHERE clause processing.
000715 #
000716 drop_all_tables
000717 do_execsql_test e_select-3.0 {
000718 CREATE TABLE x1(k, x, y, z);
000719 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(1, 'relinquished', 'aphasia', 78.43);
000720 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(2, X'A8E8D66F', X'07CF', -81);
000721 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(3, -22, -27.57, NULL);
000722 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(4, NULL, 'bygone', 'picky');
000723 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(5, NULL, 96.28, NULL);
000724 INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(6, 0, 1, 2);
000725
000726 CREATE TABLE x2(k, x, y2);
000727 INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(1, 50, X'B82838');
000728 INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(5, 84.79, 65.88);
000729 INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(3, -22, X'0E1BE452A393');
000730 INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(7, 'mistrusted', 'standardized');
000731 } {}
000732
000733 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-60775-64916 If a WHERE clause is specified, the WHERE
000734 # expression is evaluated for each row in the input data as a boolean
000735 # expression. Only rows for which the WHERE clause expression evaluates
000736 # to true are included from the dataset before continuing.
000737 #
000738 do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.1 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE x } {3}
000739 do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.2 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE y } {3 5 6}
000740 do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.3 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE z } {1 2 6}
000741 do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.4 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE '1'||z } {1 2 4 6}
000742 do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.5 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE x IS NULL } {4 5}
000743 do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.6 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE z - 78.43 } {2 4 6}
000744
000745 do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.1a {
000746 SELECT k FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 USING(k)
000747 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
000748 do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.1b {
000749 SELECT k FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 USING(k) WHERE x2.k ORDER BY +k
000750 } {1 3 5}
000751 do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.2 {
000752 SELECT k FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 USING(k) WHERE x2.k IS NULL
000753 } {2 4 6}
000754
000755 do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.3 {
000756 SELECT k FROM x1 NATURAL JOIN x2 WHERE x2.k
000757 } {3}
000758 do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.4 {
000759 SELECT k FROM x1 NATURAL JOIN x2 WHERE x2.k-3
000760 } {}
000761
000762 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
000763 # Tests below this point are focused on verifying the testable statements
000764 # related to caculating the result rows of a simple SELECT statement.
000765 #
000766
000767 drop_all_tables
000768 do_execsql_test e_select-4.0 {
000769 CREATE TABLE z1(a, b, c);
000770 CREATE TABLE z2(d, e);
000771 CREATE TABLE z3(a, b);
000772
000773 INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(51.65, -59.58, 'belfries');
000774 INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(-5, NULL, 75);
000775 INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(-2.2, -23.18, 'suiters');
000776 INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(NULL, 67, 'quartets');
000777 INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(-1.04, -32.3, 'aspen');
000778 INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(63, 'born', -26);
000779
000780 INSERT INTO z2 VALUES(NULL, 21);
000781 INSERT INTO z2 VALUES(36, 6);
000782
000783 INSERT INTO z3 VALUES('subsistence', 'gauze');
000784 INSERT INTO z3 VALUES(49.17, -67);
000785 } {}
000786
000787 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-36327-17224 If a result expression is the special
000788 # expression "*" then all columns in the input data are substituted for
000789 # that one expression.
000790 #
000791 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-43693-30522 If the expression is the alias of a table
000792 # or subquery in the FROM clause followed by ".*" then all columns from
000793 # the named table or subquery are substituted for the single expression.
000794 #
000795 do_select_tests e_select-4.1 {
000796 1 "SELECT * FROM z1 LIMIT 1" {51.65 -59.58 belfries}
000797 2 "SELECT * FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {51.65 -59.58 belfries {} 21}
000798 3 "SELECT z1.* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {51.65 -59.58 belfries}
000799 4 "SELECT z2.* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {{} 21}
000800 5 "SELECT z2.*, z1.* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {{} 21 51.65 -59.58 belfries}
000801
000802 6 "SELECT count(*), * FROM z1" {6 51.65 -59.58 belfries}
000803 7 "SELECT max(a), * FROM z1" {63 63 born -26}
000804 8 "SELECT *, min(a) FROM z1" {-5 {} 75 -5}
000805
000806 9 "SELECT *,* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {
000807 51.65 -59.58 belfries {} 21 51.65 -59.58 belfries {} 21
000808 }
000809 10 "SELECT z1.*,z1.* FROM z2,z1 LIMIT 1" {
000810 51.65 -59.58 belfries 51.65 -59.58 belfries
000811 }
000812 }
000813
000814 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38023-18396 It is an error to use a "*" or "alias.*"
000815 # expression in any context other than a result expression list.
000816 #
000817 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44324-41166 It is also an error to use a "*" or
000818 # "alias.*" expression in a simple SELECT query that does not have a
000819 # FROM clause.
000820 #
000821 foreach {tn select err} {
000822 1.1 "SELECT a, b, c FROM z1 WHERE *" {near "*": syntax error}
000823 1.2 "SELECT a, b, c FROM z1 GROUP BY *" {near "*": syntax error}
000824 1.3 "SELECT 1 + * FROM z1" {near "*": syntax error}
000825 1.4 "SELECT * + 1 FROM z1" {near "+": syntax error}
000826
000827 2.1 "SELECT *" {no tables specified}
000828 2.2 "SELECT * WHERE 1" {no tables specified}
000829 2.3 "SELECT * WHERE 0" {no tables specified}
000830 2.4 "SELECT count(*), *" {no tables specified}
000831 } {
000832 do_catchsql_test e_select-4.2.$tn $select [list 1 $err]
000833 }
000834
000835 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-08669-22397 The number of columns in the rows returned
000836 # by a simple SELECT statement is equal to the number of expressions in
000837 # the result expression list after substitution of * and alias.*
000838 # expressions.
000839 #
000840 foreach {tn select nCol} {
000841 1 "SELECT * FROM z1" 3
000842 2 "SELECT * FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 3
000843 3 "SELECT z1.* FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 3
000844 4 "SELECT z3.* FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 2
000845 5 "SELECT z1.*, z3.* FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 5
000846 6 "SELECT 1, 2, z1.* FROM z1" 5
000847 7 "SELECT a, *, b, c FROM z1" 6
000848 } {
000849 set ::stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db $select -1 DUMMY]
000850 do_test e_select-4.3.$tn { sqlite3_column_count $::stmt } $nCol
000851 sqlite3_finalize $::stmt
000852 }
000853
000854
000855
000856 # In lang_select.html, a non-aggregate query is defined as any simple SELECT
000857 # that has no GROUP BY clause and no aggregate expressions in the result
000858 # expression list. Other queries are aggregate queries. Test cases
000859 # e_select-4.4.* through e_select-4.12.*, inclusive, which test the part of
000860 # simple SELECT that is different for aggregate and non-aggregate queries
000861 # verify (in a way) that these definitions are consistent:
000862 #
000863 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-20637-43463 A simple SELECT statement is an aggregate
000864 # query if it contains either a GROUP BY clause or one or more aggregate
000865 # functions in the result-set.
000866 #
000867 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23155-55597 Otherwise, if a simple SELECT contains no
000868 # aggregate functions or a GROUP BY clause, it is a non-aggregate query.
000869 #
000870
000871 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44050-47362 If the SELECT statement is a non-aggregate
000872 # query, then each expression in the result expression list is evaluated
000873 # for each row in the dataset filtered by the WHERE clause.
000874 #
000875 do_select_tests e_select-4.4 {
000876 1 "SELECT a, b FROM z1"
000877 {51.65 -59.58 -5 {} -2.2 -23.18 {} 67 -1.04 -32.3 63 born}
000878
000879 2 "SELECT a IS NULL, b+1, * FROM z1" {
000880 0 -58.58 51.65 -59.58 belfries
000881 0 {} -5 {} 75
000882 0 -22.18 -2.2 -23.18 suiters
000883 1 68 {} 67 quartets
000884 0 -31.3 -1.04 -32.3 aspen
000885 0 1 63 born -26
000886 }
000887
000888 3 "SELECT 32*32, d||e FROM z2" {1024 {} 1024 366}
000889 }
000890
000891
000892 # Test cases e_select-4.5.* and e_select-4.6.* together show that:
000893 #
000894 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-51988-01124 The single row of result-set data created
000895 # by evaluating the aggregate and non-aggregate expressions in the
000896 # result-set forms the result of an aggregate query without a GROUP BY
000897 # clause.
000898 #
000899
000900 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-57629-25253 If the SELECT statement is an aggregate
000901 # query without a GROUP BY clause, then each aggregate expression in the
000902 # result-set is evaluated once across the entire dataset.
000903 #
000904 do_select_tests e_select-4.5 {
000905 1 "SELECT count(a), max(a), count(b), max(b) FROM z1" {5 63 5 born}
000906 2 "SELECT count(*), max(1)" {1 1}
000907
000908 3 "SELECT sum(b+1) FROM z1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN z3" {-43.06}
000909 4 "SELECT sum(b+2) FROM z1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN z3" {-38.06}
000910 5 "SELECT sum(b IS NOT NULL) FROM z1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN z3" {5}
000911 }
000912
000913 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-26684-40576 Each non-aggregate expression in the
000914 # result-set is evaluated once for an arbitrarily selected row of the
000915 # dataset.
000916 #
000917 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-27994-60376 The same arbitrarily selected row is used
000918 # for each non-aggregate expression.
000919 #
000920 # Note: The results of many of the queries in this block of tests are
000921 # technically undefined, as the documentation does not specify which row
000922 # SQLite will arbitrarily select to use for the evaluation of the
000923 # non-aggregate expressions.
000924 #
000925 drop_all_tables
000926 do_execsql_test e_select-4.6.0 {
000927 CREATE TABLE a1(one PRIMARY KEY, two);
000928 INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(1, 1);
000929 INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(2, 3);
000930 INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(3, 6);
000931 INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(4, 10);
000932
000933 CREATE TABLE a2(one PRIMARY KEY, three);
000934 INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(1, 1);
000935 INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(3, 2);
000936 INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(6, 3);
000937 INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(10, 4);
000938 } {}
000939 do_select_tests e_select-4.6 {
000940 1 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1" {1 1 4}
000941 2 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1 WHERE one<3" {1 1 2}
000942 3 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1 WHERE one>3" {4 10 1}
000943 4 "SELECT *, count(*) FROM a1 JOIN a2" {1 1 1 1 16}
000944 5 "SELECT *, sum(three) FROM a1 NATURAL JOIN a2" {1 1 1 3}
000945 6 "SELECT *, sum(three) FROM a1 NATURAL JOIN a2" {1 1 1 3}
000946 7 "SELECT group_concat(three, ''), a1.* FROM a1 NATURAL JOIN a2" {12 1 1}
000947 }
000948
000949 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04486-07266 Or, if the dataset contains zero rows, then
000950 # each non-aggregate expression is evaluated against a row consisting
000951 # entirely of NULL values.
000952 #
000953 do_select_tests e_select-4.7 {
000954 1 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1 WHERE 0" {{} {} 0}
000955 2 "SELECT sum(two), * FROM a1, a2 WHERE three>5" {{} {} {} {} {}}
000956 3 "SELECT max(one) IS NULL, one IS NULL, two IS NULL FROM a1 WHERE two=7" {
000957 1 1 1
000958 }
000959 }
000960
000961 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-64138-28774 An aggregate query without a GROUP BY
000962 # clause always returns exactly one row of data, even if there are zero
000963 # rows of input data.
000964 #
000965 foreach {tn select} {
000966 8.1 "SELECT count(*) FROM a1"
000967 8.2 "SELECT count(*) FROM a1 WHERE 0"
000968 8.3 "SELECT count(*) FROM a1 WHERE 1"
000969 8.4 "SELECT max(a1.one)+min(two), a1.one, two, * FROM a1, a2 WHERE 1"
000970 8.5 "SELECT max(a1.one)+min(two), a1.one, two, * FROM a1, a2 WHERE 0"
000971 } {
000972 # Set $nRow to the number of rows returned by $select:
000973 set ::stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db $select -1 DUMMY]
000974 set nRow 0
000975 while {"SQLITE_ROW" == [sqlite3_step $::stmt]} { incr nRow }
000976 set rc [sqlite3_finalize $::stmt]
000977
000978 # Test that $nRow==1 and that statement execution was successful
000979 # (rc==SQLITE_OK).
000980 do_test e_select-4.$tn [list list $rc $nRow] {SQLITE_OK 1}
000981 }
000982
000983 drop_all_tables
000984 do_execsql_test e_select-4.9.0 {
000985 CREATE TABLE b1(one PRIMARY KEY, two);
000986 INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(1, 'o');
000987 INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(4, 'f');
000988 INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(3, 't');
000989 INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(2, 't');
000990 INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(5, 'f');
000991 INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(7, 's');
000992 INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(6, 's');
000993
000994 CREATE TABLE b2(x, y);
000995 INSERT INTO b2 VALUES(NULL, 0);
000996 INSERT INTO b2 VALUES(NULL, 1);
000997 INSERT INTO b2 VALUES('xyz', 2);
000998 INSERT INTO b2 VALUES('abc', 3);
000999 INSERT INTO b2 VALUES('xyz', 4);
001000
001001 CREATE TABLE b3(a COLLATE nocase, b COLLATE binary);
001002 INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('abc', 'abc');
001003 INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('aBC', 'aBC');
001004 INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('Def', 'Def');
001005 INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('dEF', 'dEF');
001006 } {}
001007
001008 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-40855-36147 If the SELECT statement is an aggregate
001009 # query with a GROUP BY clause, then each of the expressions specified
001010 # as part of the GROUP BY clause is evaluated for each row of the
001011 # dataset according to the processing rules stated below for ORDER BY
001012 # expressions. Each row is then assigned to a "group" based on the
001013 # results; rows for which the results of evaluating the GROUP BY
001014 # expressions are the same get assigned to the same group.
001015 #
001016 # These tests also show that the following is not untrue:
001017 #
001018 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-25883-55063 The expressions in the GROUP BY clause do
001019 # not have to be expressions that appear in the result.
001020 #
001021 do_select_tests e_select-4.9 {
001022 1 "SELECT group_concat(one), two FROM b1 GROUP BY two" {
001023 /#,# f 1 o #,# s #,# t/
001024 }
001025 2 "SELECT group_concat(one), sum(one) FROM b1 GROUP BY (one>4)" {
001026 1,2,3,4 10 5,6,7 18
001027 }
001028 3 "SELECT group_concat(one) FROM b1 GROUP BY (two>'o'), one%2" {
001029 4 1,5 2,6 3,7
001030 }
001031 4 "SELECT group_concat(one) FROM b1 GROUP BY (one==2 OR two=='o')" {
001032 4,3,5,7,6 1,2
001033 }
001034 }
001035
001036 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-14926-50129 For the purposes of grouping rows, NULL
001037 # values are considered equal.
001038 #
001039 do_select_tests e_select-4.10 {
001040 1 "SELECT group_concat(y) FROM b2 GROUP BY x" {/#,# 3 #,#/}
001041 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM b2 GROUP BY CASE WHEN y<4 THEN NULL ELSE 0 END" {4 1}
001042 }
001043
001044 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-10470-30318 The usual rules for selecting a collation
001045 # sequence with which to compare text values apply when evaluating
001046 # expressions in a GROUP BY clause.
001047 #
001048 do_select_tests e_select-4.11 {
001049 1 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY b" {1 1 1 1}
001050 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY a" {2 2}
001051 3 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY +b" {1 1 1 1}
001052 4 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY +a" {2 2}
001053 5 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY b||''" {1 1 1 1}
001054 6 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY a||''" {1 1 1 1}
001055 }
001056
001057 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-63573-50730 The expressions in a GROUP BY clause may
001058 # not be aggregate expressions.
001059 #
001060 foreach {tn select} {
001061 12.1 "SELECT * FROM b3 GROUP BY count(*)"
001062 12.2 "SELECT max(a) FROM b3 GROUP BY max(b)"
001063 12.3 "SELECT group_concat(a) FROM b3 GROUP BY a, max(b)"
001064 } {
001065 set res {1 {aggregate functions are not allowed in the GROUP BY clause}}
001066 do_catchsql_test e_select-4.$tn $select $res
001067 }
001068
001069 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-31537-00101 If a HAVING clause is specified, it is
001070 # evaluated once for each group of rows as a boolean expression. If the
001071 # result of evaluating the HAVING clause is false, the group is
001072 # discarded.
001073 #
001074 # This requirement is tested by all e_select-4.13.* tests.
001075 #
001076 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04132-09474 If the HAVING clause is an aggregate
001077 # expression, it is evaluated across all rows in the group.
001078 #
001079 # Tested by e_select-4.13.1.*
001080 #
001081 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-28262-47447 If a HAVING clause is a non-aggregate
001082 # expression, it is evaluated with respect to an arbitrarily selected
001083 # row from the group.
001084 #
001085 # Tested by e_select-4.13.2.*
001086 #
001087 # Tests in this block also show that this is not untrue:
001088 #
001089 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-55403-13450 The HAVING expression may refer to values,
001090 # even aggregate functions, that are not in the result.
001091 #
001092 do_execsql_test e_select-4.13.0 {
001093 CREATE TABLE c1(up, down);
001094 INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 1);
001095 INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 2);
001096 INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 4);
001097 INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 8);
001098 INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('y', 16);
001099 INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('y', 32);
001100
001101 CREATE TABLE c2(i, j);
001102 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(1, 0);
001103 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(2, 1);
001104 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(3, 3);
001105 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(4, 6);
001106 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(5, 10);
001107 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(6, 15);
001108 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(7, 21);
001109 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(8, 28);
001110 INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(9, 36);
001111
001112 CREATE TABLE c3(i PRIMARY KEY, k TEXT);
001113 INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(1, 'hydrogen');
001114 INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(2, 'helium');
001115 INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(3, 'lithium');
001116 INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(4, 'beryllium');
001117 INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(5, 'boron');
001118 INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(94, 'plutonium');
001119 } {}
001120
001121 do_select_tests e_select-4.13 {
001122 1.1 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING count(*)>3" {x}
001123 1.2 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING sum(down)>16" {y}
001124 1.3 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING sum(down)<16" {x}
001125 1.4 "SELECT up||down FROM c1 GROUP BY (down<5) HAVING max(down)<10" {x4}
001126
001127 2.1 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING down>10" {y}
001128 2.2 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING up='y'" {y}
001129
001130 2.3 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i>4 HAVING j>6" {5 10}
001131 }
001132
001133 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23927-54081 Each expression in the result-set is then
001134 # evaluated once for each group of rows.
001135 #
001136 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-53735-47017 If the expression is an aggregate
001137 # expression, it is evaluated across all rows in the group.
001138 #
001139 do_select_tests e_select-4.15 {
001140 1 "SELECT sum(down) FROM c1 GROUP BY up" {15 48}
001141 2 "SELECT sum(j), max(j) FROM c2 GROUP BY (i%3)" {54 36 27 21 39 28}
001142 3 "SELECT sum(j), max(j) FROM c2 GROUP BY (j%2)" {80 36 40 21}
001143 4 "SELECT 1+sum(j), max(j)+1 FROM c2 GROUP BY (j%2)" {81 37 41 22}
001144 5 "SELECT count(*), round(avg(i),2) FROM c1, c2 ON (i=down) GROUP BY j%2"
001145 {3 4.33 1 2.0}
001146 }
001147
001148 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-62913-19830 Otherwise, it is evaluated against a single
001149 # arbitrarily chosen row from within the group.
001150 #
001151 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-53924-08809 If there is more than one non-aggregate
001152 # expression in the result-set, then all such expressions are evaluated
001153 # for the same row.
001154 #
001155 do_select_tests e_select-4.15 {
001156 1 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2" {2 1 1 0}
001157 2 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2 HAVING j<30" {2 1 1 0}
001158 3 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2 HAVING j>30" {}
001159 4 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2 HAVING j>30" {}
001160 5 "SELECT count(*), i, k FROM c2 NATURAL JOIN c3 GROUP BY substr(k, 1, 1)"
001161 {2 4 beryllium 2 1 hydrogen 1 3 lithium}
001162 }
001163
001164 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19334-12811 Each group of input dataset rows
001165 # contributes a single row to the set of result rows.
001166 #
001167 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-02223-49279 Subject to filtering associated with the
001168 # DISTINCT keyword, the number of rows returned by an aggregate query
001169 # with a GROUP BY clause is the same as the number of groups of rows
001170 # produced by applying the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses to the filtered
001171 # input dataset.
001172 #
001173 do_select_tests e_select.4.16 -count {
001174 1 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2" 2
001175 2 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i" 9
001176 3 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i HAVING i<5" 4
001177 }
001178
001179 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
001180 # The following tests attempt to verify statements made regarding the ALL
001181 # and DISTINCT keywords.
001182 #
001183 drop_all_tables
001184 do_execsql_test e_select-5.1.0 {
001185 CREATE TABLE h1(a, b);
001186 INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(1, 'one');
001187 INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(1, 'I');
001188 INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(1, 'i');
001189 INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(4, 'four');
001190 INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(4, 'IV');
001191 INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(4, 'iv');
001192
001193 CREATE TABLE h2(x COLLATE nocase);
001194 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('One');
001195 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('Two');
001196 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('Three');
001197 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('Four');
001198 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('one');
001199 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('two');
001200 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('three');
001201 INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('four');
001202
001203 CREATE TABLE h3(c, d);
001204 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(1, NULL);
001205 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(2, NULL);
001206 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(3, NULL);
001207 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(4, '2');
001208 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(5, NULL);
001209 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(6, '2,3');
001210 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(7, NULL);
001211 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(8, '2,4');
001212 INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(9, '3');
001213 } {}
001214
001215 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-60770-10612 One of the ALL or DISTINCT keywords may
001216 # follow the SELECT keyword in a simple SELECT statement.
001217 #
001218 do_select_tests e_select-5.1 {
001219 1 "SELECT ALL a FROM h1" {1 1 1 4 4 4}
001220 2 "SELECT DISTINCT a FROM h1" {1 4}
001221 }
001222
001223 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-08861-34280 If the simple SELECT is a SELECT ALL, then
001224 # the entire set of result rows are returned by the SELECT.
001225 #
001226 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-01256-01950 If neither ALL or DISTINCT are present,
001227 # then the behavior is as if ALL were specified.
001228 #
001229 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-14442-41305 If the simple SELECT is a SELECT DISTINCT,
001230 # then duplicate rows are removed from the set of result rows before it
001231 # is returned.
001232 #
001233 # The three testable statements above are tested by e_select-5.2.*,
001234 # 5.3.* and 5.4.* respectively.
001235 #
001236 do_select_tests e_select-5 {
001237 3.1 "SELECT ALL x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four one two three four}
001238 3.2 "SELECT ALL x FROM h1, h2 ON (x=b)" {One one Four four}
001239
001240 3.1 "SELECT x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four one two three four}
001241 3.2 "SELECT x FROM h1, h2 ON (x=b)" {One one Four four}
001242
001243 4.1 "SELECT DISTINCT x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four}
001244 4.2 "SELECT DISTINCT x FROM h1, h2 ON (x=b)" {One Four}
001245 }
001246
001247 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-02054-15343 For the purposes of detecting duplicate
001248 # rows, two NULL values are considered to be equal.
001249 #
001250 do_select_tests e_select-5.5 {
001251 1 "SELECT DISTINCT d FROM h3" {{} 2 2,3 2,4 3}
001252 }
001253
001254 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-47709-27231 The usual rules apply for selecting a
001255 # collation sequence to compare text values.
001256 #
001257 do_select_tests e_select-5.6 {
001258 1 "SELECT DISTINCT b FROM h1" {one I i four IV iv}
001259 2 "SELECT DISTINCT b COLLATE nocase FROM h1" {one I four IV}
001260 3 "SELECT DISTINCT x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four}
001261 4 "SELECT DISTINCT x COLLATE binary FROM h2" {
001262 One Two Three Four one two three four
001263 }
001264 }
001265
001266 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
001267 # The following tests - e_select-7.* - test that statements made to do
001268 # with compound SELECT statements are correct.
001269 #
001270
001271 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39368-64333 In a compound SELECT, all the constituent
001272 # SELECTs must return the same number of result columns.
001273 #
001274 # All the other tests in this section use compound SELECTs created
001275 # using component SELECTs that do return the same number of columns.
001276 # So the tests here just show that it is an error to attempt otherwise.
001277 #
001278 drop_all_tables
001279 do_execsql_test e_select-7.1.0 {
001280 CREATE TABLE j1(a, b, c);
001281 CREATE TABLE j2(e, f);
001282 CREATE TABLE j3(g);
001283 } {}
001284 do_select_tests e_select-7.1 -error {
001285 SELECTs to the left and right of %s do not have the same number of result columns
001286 } {
001287 1 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j3" {{UNION ALL}}
001288 2 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j3" {{UNION ALL}}
001289 3 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j3" {{UNION ALL}}
001290 4 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {{UNION ALL}}
001291 5 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM j1" {{UNION ALL}}
001292
001293 6 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION SELECT g FROM j3" {UNION}
001294 7 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j3" {UNION}
001295 8 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION SELECT g FROM j3" {UNION}
001296 9 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {UNION}
001297 10 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM j1" {UNION}
001298
001299 11 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j3" {INTERSECT}
001300 12 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j3" {INTERSECT}
001301 13 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j3" {INTERSECT}
001302 14 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {INTERSECT}
001303 15 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM j1" {INTERSECT}
001304
001305 16 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j3" {EXCEPT}
001306 17 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j3" {EXCEPT}
001307 18 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j3" {EXCEPT}
001308 19 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {EXCEPT}
001309 20 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM j1" {EXCEPT}
001310 }
001311
001312 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-01450-11152 As the components of a compound SELECT must
001313 # be simple SELECT statements, they may not contain ORDER BY or LIMIT
001314 # clauses.
001315 #
001316 foreach {tn select op1 op2} {
001317 1 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001318 {ORDER BY} {UNION ALL}
001319 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 UNION ALL SELECT max(e) FROM j2"
001320 {ORDER BY} {UNION ALL}
001321 3 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 UNION ALL SELECT *,* FROM j2"
001322 {ORDER BY} {UNION ALL}
001323 4 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001324 LIMIT {UNION ALL}
001325 5 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001326 LIMIT {UNION ALL}
001327 6 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j2,j3"
001328 LIMIT {UNION ALL}
001329
001330 7 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001331 {ORDER BY} {UNION}
001332 8 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 UNION SELECT max(e) FROM j2"
001333 {ORDER BY} {UNION}
001334 9 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 UNION SELECT *,* FROM j2"
001335 {ORDER BY} {UNION}
001336 10 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001337 LIMIT {UNION}
001338 11 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001339 LIMIT {UNION}
001340 12 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) UNION SELECT g FROM j2,j3"
001341 LIMIT {UNION}
001342
001343 13 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001344 {ORDER BY} {EXCEPT}
001345 14 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 EXCEPT SELECT max(e) FROM j2"
001346 {ORDER BY} {EXCEPT}
001347 15 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 EXCEPT SELECT *,* FROM j2"
001348 {ORDER BY} {EXCEPT}
001349 16 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001350 LIMIT {EXCEPT}
001351 17 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001352 LIMIT {EXCEPT}
001353 18 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j2,j3"
001354 LIMIT {EXCEPT}
001355
001356 19 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001357 {ORDER BY} {INTERSECT}
001358 20 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 INTERSECT SELECT max(e) FROM j2"
001359 {ORDER BY} {INTERSECT}
001360 21 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 INTERSECT SELECT *,* FROM j2"
001361 {ORDER BY} {INTERSECT}
001362 22 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001363 LIMIT {INTERSECT}
001364 23 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001365 LIMIT {INTERSECT}
001366 24 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j2,j3"
001367 LIMIT {INTERSECT}
001368 } {
001369 set err "$op1 clause should come after $op2 not before"
001370 do_catchsql_test e_select-7.2.$tn $select [list 1 $err]
001371 }
001372
001373 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-45440-25633 ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses may only occur
001374 # at the end of the entire compound SELECT, and then only if the final
001375 # element of the compound is not a VALUES clause.
001376 #
001377 foreach {tn select} {
001378 1 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a"
001379 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1"
001380 3 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3"
001381 4 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10"
001382 5 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5"
001383 6 "SELECT a FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)"
001384
001385 7 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a"
001386 8 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 UNION SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1"
001387 8b "VALUES('8b') UNION SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1"
001388 9 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 UNION SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3"
001389 10 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10"
001390 11 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5"
001391 12 "SELECT a FROM j1 UNION SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)"
001392
001393 13 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a"
001394 14 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1"
001395 15 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3"
001396 16 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10"
001397 17 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5"
001398 18 "SELECT a FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)"
001399
001400 19 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a"
001401 20 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1"
001402 21 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3"
001403 22 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10"
001404 23 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5"
001405 24 "SELECT a FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)"
001406 } {
001407 do_test e_select-7.3.$tn { catch {execsql $select} msg } 0
001408 }
001409 foreach {tn select} {
001410 50 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001411 51 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3"
001412 52 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 UNION ALL VALUES(11) ORDER BY 1"
001413 53 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 UNION ALL VALUES(11) LIMIT 1"
001414 } {
001415 do_test e_select-7.3.$tn { catch {execsql $select} msg } 1
001416 }
001417
001418 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-08531-36543 A compound SELECT created using UNION ALL
001419 # operator returns all the rows from the SELECT to the left of the UNION
001420 # ALL operator, and all the rows from the SELECT to the right of it.
001421 #
001422 drop_all_tables
001423 do_execsql_test e_select-7.4.0 {
001424 CREATE TABLE q1(a TEXT, b INTEGER, c);
001425 CREATE TABLE q2(d NUMBER, e BLOB);
001426 CREATE TABLE q3(f REAL, g);
001427
001428 INSERT INTO q1 VALUES(16, -87.66, NULL);
001429 INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('legible', 94, -42.47);
001430 INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('beauty', 36, NULL);
001431
001432 INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('legible', 1);
001433 INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('beauty', 2);
001434 INSERT INTO q2 VALUES(-65.91, 4);
001435 INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('emanating', -16.56);
001436
001437 INSERT INTO q3 VALUES('beauty', 2);
001438 INSERT INTO q3 VALUES('beauty', 2);
001439 } {}
001440 do_select_tests e_select-7.4 {
001441 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 UNION ALL SELECT d FROM q2}
001442 {16 legible beauty legible beauty -65.91 emanating}
001443
001444 2 {SELECT * FROM q1 WHERE a=16 UNION ALL SELECT 'x', * FROM q2 WHERE oid=1}
001445 {16 -87.66 {} x legible 1}
001446
001447 3 {SELECT count(*) FROM q1 UNION ALL SELECT min(e) FROM q2}
001448 {3 -16.56}
001449
001450 4 {SELECT * FROM q2 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM q3}
001451 {legible 1 beauty 2 -65.91 4 emanating -16.56 beauty 2 beauty 2}
001452 }
001453
001454 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-20560-39162 The UNION operator works the same way as
001455 # UNION ALL, except that duplicate rows are removed from the final
001456 # result set.
001457 #
001458 do_select_tests e_select-7.5 {
001459 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 UNION SELECT d FROM q2}
001460 {-65.91 16 beauty emanating legible}
001461
001462 2 {SELECT * FROM q1 WHERE a=16 UNION SELECT 'x', * FROM q2 WHERE oid=1}
001463 {16 -87.66 {} x legible 1}
001464
001465 3 {SELECT count(*) FROM q1 UNION SELECT min(e) FROM q2}
001466 {-16.56 3}
001467
001468 4 {SELECT * FROM q2 UNION SELECT * FROM q3}
001469 {-65.91 4 beauty 2 emanating -16.56 legible 1}
001470 }
001471
001472 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-45764-31737 The INTERSECT operator returns the
001473 # intersection of the results of the left and right SELECTs.
001474 #
001475 do_select_tests e_select-7.6 {
001476 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 INTERSECT SELECT d FROM q2} {beauty legible}
001477 2 {SELECT * FROM q2 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM q3} {beauty 2}
001478 }
001479
001480 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-25787-28949 The EXCEPT operator returns the subset of
001481 # rows returned by the left SELECT that are not also returned by the
001482 # right-hand SELECT.
001483 #
001484 do_select_tests e_select-7.7 {
001485 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 EXCEPT SELECT d FROM q2} {16}
001486
001487 2 {SELECT * FROM q2 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM q3}
001488 {-65.91 4 emanating -16.56 legible 1}
001489 }
001490
001491 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-40729-56447 Duplicate rows are removed from the results
001492 # of INTERSECT and EXCEPT operators before the result set is returned.
001493 #
001494 do_select_tests e_select-7.8 {
001495 0 {SELECT * FROM q3} {beauty 2 beauty 2}
001496
001497 1 {SELECT * FROM q3 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM q3} {beauty 2}
001498 2 {SELECT * FROM q3 EXCEPT SELECT a,b FROM q1} {beauty 2}
001499 }
001500
001501 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-46765-43362 For the purposes of determining duplicate
001502 # rows for the results of compound SELECT operators, NULL values are
001503 # considered equal to other NULL values and distinct from all non-NULL
001504 # values.
001505 #
001506 db nullvalue null
001507 do_select_tests e_select-7.9 {
001508 1 {SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT NULL} {null null}
001509 2 {SELECT NULL UNION SELECT NULL} {null}
001510 3 {SELECT NULL INTERSECT SELECT NULL} {null}
001511 4 {SELECT NULL EXCEPT SELECT NULL} {}
001512
001513 5 {SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT 'ab'} {null ab}
001514 6 {SELECT NULL UNION SELECT 'ab'} {null ab}
001515 7 {SELECT NULL INTERSECT SELECT 'ab'} {}
001516 8 {SELECT NULL EXCEPT SELECT 'ab'} {null}
001517
001518 9 {SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT 0} {null 0}
001519 10 {SELECT NULL UNION SELECT 0} {null 0}
001520 11 {SELECT NULL INTERSECT SELECT 0} {}
001521 12 {SELECT NULL EXCEPT SELECT 0} {null}
001522
001523 13 {SELECT c FROM q1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM q3} {null -42.47 null 2 2}
001524 14 {SELECT c FROM q1 UNION SELECT g FROM q3} {null -42.47 2}
001525 15 {SELECT c FROM q1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM q3} {}
001526 16 {SELECT c FROM q1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM q3} {null -42.47}
001527 }
001528 db nullvalue {}
001529
001530 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-51232-50224 The collation sequence used to compare two
001531 # text values is determined as if the columns of the left and right-hand
001532 # SELECT statements were the left and right-hand operands of the equals
001533 # (=) operator, except that greater precedence is not assigned to a
001534 # collation sequence specified with the postfix COLLATE operator.
001535 #
001536 drop_all_tables
001537 do_execsql_test e_select-7.10.0 {
001538 CREATE TABLE y1(a COLLATE nocase, b COLLATE binary, c);
001539 INSERT INTO y1 VALUES('Abc', 'abc', 'aBC');
001540 } {}
001541 do_select_tests e_select-7.10 {
001542 1 {SELECT 'abc' UNION SELECT 'ABC'} {ABC abc}
001543 2 {SELECT 'abc' COLLATE nocase UNION SELECT 'ABC'} {ABC}
001544 3 {SELECT 'abc' UNION SELECT 'ABC' COLLATE nocase} {ABC}
001545 4 {SELECT 'abc' COLLATE binary UNION SELECT 'ABC' COLLATE nocase} {ABC abc}
001546 5 {SELECT 'abc' COLLATE nocase UNION SELECT 'ABC' COLLATE binary} {ABC}
001547
001548 6 {SELECT a FROM y1 UNION SELECT b FROM y1} {abc}
001549 7 {SELECT b FROM y1 UNION SELECT a FROM y1} {Abc abc}
001550 8 {SELECT a FROM y1 UNION SELECT c FROM y1} {aBC}
001551
001552 9 {SELECT a FROM y1 UNION SELECT c COLLATE binary FROM y1} {aBC}
001553 }
001554
001555 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-32706-07403 No affinity transformations are applied to
001556 # any values when comparing rows as part of a compound SELECT.
001557 #
001558 drop_all_tables
001559 do_execsql_test e_select-7.10.0 {
001560 CREATE TABLE w1(a TEXT, b NUMBER);
001561 CREATE TABLE w2(a, b TEXT);
001562
001563 INSERT INTO w1 VALUES('1', 4.1);
001564 INSERT INTO w2 VALUES(1, 4.1);
001565 } {}
001566
001567 do_select_tests e_select-7.11 {
001568 1 { SELECT a FROM w1 UNION SELECT a FROM w2 } {1 1}
001569 2 { SELECT a FROM w2 UNION SELECT a FROM w1 } {1 1}
001570 3 { SELECT b FROM w1 UNION SELECT b FROM w2 } {4.1 4.1}
001571 4 { SELECT b FROM w2 UNION SELECT b FROM w1 } {4.1 4.1}
001572
001573 5 { SELECT a FROM w1 INTERSECT SELECT a FROM w2 } {}
001574 6 { SELECT a FROM w2 INTERSECT SELECT a FROM w1 } {}
001575 7 { SELECT b FROM w1 INTERSECT SELECT b FROM w2 } {}
001576 8 { SELECT b FROM w2 INTERSECT SELECT b FROM w1 } {}
001577
001578 9 { SELECT a FROM w1 EXCEPT SELECT a FROM w2 } {1}
001579 10 { SELECT a FROM w2 EXCEPT SELECT a FROM w1 } {1}
001580 11 { SELECT b FROM w1 EXCEPT SELECT b FROM w2 } {4.1}
001581 12 { SELECT b FROM w2 EXCEPT SELECT b FROM w1 } {4.1}
001582 }
001583
001584
001585 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-32562-20566 When three or more simple SELECTs are
001586 # connected into a compound SELECT, they group from left to right. In
001587 # other words, if "A", "B" and "C" are all simple SELECT statements, (A
001588 # op B op C) is processed as ((A op B) op C).
001589 #
001590 # e_select-7.12.1: Precedence of UNION vs. INTERSECT
001591 # e_select-7.12.2: Precedence of UNION vs. UNION ALL
001592 # e_select-7.12.3: Precedence of UNION vs. EXCEPT
001593 # e_select-7.12.4: Precedence of INTERSECT vs. UNION ALL
001594 # e_select-7.12.5: Precedence of INTERSECT vs. EXCEPT
001595 # e_select-7.12.6: Precedence of UNION ALL vs. EXCEPT
001596 # e_select-7.12.7: Check that "a EXCEPT b EXCEPT c" is processed as
001597 # "(a EXCEPT b) EXCEPT c".
001598 #
001599 # The INTERSECT and EXCEPT operations are mutually commutative. So
001600 # the e_select-7.12.5 test cases do not prove very much.
001601 #
001602 drop_all_tables
001603 do_execsql_test e_select-7.12.0 {
001604 CREATE TABLE t1(x);
001605 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
001606 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
001607 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3);
001608 } {}
001609 foreach {tn select res} {
001610 1a "(1,2) INTERSECT (1) UNION (3)" {1 3}
001611 1b "(3) UNION (1,2) INTERSECT (1)" {1}
001612
001613 2a "(1,2) UNION (3) UNION ALL (1)" {1 2 3 1}
001614 2b "(1) UNION ALL (3) UNION (1,2)" {1 2 3}
001615
001616 3a "(1,2) UNION (3) EXCEPT (1)" {2 3}
001617 3b "(1,2) EXCEPT (3) UNION (1)" {1 2}
001618
001619 4a "(1,2) INTERSECT (1) UNION ALL (3)" {1 3}
001620 4b "(3) UNION (1,2) INTERSECT (1)" {1}
001621
001622 5a "(1,2) INTERSECT (2) EXCEPT (2)" {}
001623 5b "(2,3) EXCEPT (2) INTERSECT (2)" {}
001624
001625 6a "(2) UNION ALL (2) EXCEPT (2)" {}
001626 6b "(2) EXCEPT (2) UNION ALL (2)" {2}
001627
001628 7 "(2,3) EXCEPT (2) EXCEPT (3)" {}
001629 } {
001630 set select [string map {( {SELECT x FROM t1 WHERE x IN (}} $select]
001631 do_execsql_test e_select-7.12.$tn $select [list {*}$res]
001632 }
001633
001634
001635 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
001636 # ORDER BY clauses
001637 #
001638
001639 drop_all_tables
001640 do_execsql_test e_select-8.1.0 {
001641 CREATE TABLE d1(x, y, z);
001642
001643 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, 3);
001644 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(2, 5, -1);
001645 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, 8);
001646 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, 7);
001647 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(2, 4, 93);
001648 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, -20);
001649 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 4, 93);
001650 INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 5, -1);
001651
001652 CREATE TABLE d2(a, b);
001653 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('gently', 'failings');
001654 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('commercials', 'bathrobe');
001655 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('iterate', 'sexton');
001656 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('babied', 'charitableness');
001657 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('solemnness', 'annexed');
001658 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('rejoicing', 'liabilities');
001659 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('pragmatist', 'guarded');
001660 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('barked', 'interrupted');
001661 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('reemphasizes', 'reply');
001662 INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('lad', 'relenting');
001663 } {}
001664
001665 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44988-41064 Rows are first sorted based on the results
001666 # of evaluating the left-most expression in the ORDER BY list, then ties
001667 # are broken by evaluating the second left-most expression and so on.
001668 #
001669 do_select_tests e_select-8.1 {
001670 1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x, y, z" {
001671 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8
001672 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1
001673 }
001674 }
001675
001676 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-06617-54588 Each ORDER BY expression may be optionally
001677 # followed by one of the keywords ASC (smaller values are returned
001678 # first) or DESC (larger values are returned first).
001679 #
001680 # Test cases e_select-8.2.* test the above.
001681 #
001682 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-18705-33393 If neither ASC or DESC are specified, rows
001683 # are sorted in ascending (smaller values first) order by default.
001684 #
001685 # Test cases e_select-8.3.* test the above. All 8.3 test cases are
001686 # copies of 8.2 test cases with the explicit "ASC" removed.
001687 #
001688 do_select_tests e_select-8 {
001689 2.1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x ASC, y ASC, z ASC" {
001690 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8
001691 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1
001692 }
001693 2.2 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y DESC, z DESC" {
001694 2 5 -1 2 4 93 1 5 -1 1 4 93
001695 1 2 8 1 2 7 1 2 3 1 2 -20
001696 }
001697 2.3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y ASC, z DESC" {
001698 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7
001699 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001700 }
001701 2.4 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y ASC, z ASC" {
001702 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3
001703 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001704 }
001705
001706 3.1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x, y, z" {
001707 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8
001708 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1
001709 }
001710 3.3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y, z DESC" {
001711 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7
001712 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001713 }
001714 3.4 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y, z" {
001715 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3
001716 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001717 }
001718 }
001719
001720 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-29779-04281 If the ORDER BY expression is a constant
001721 # integer K then the expression is considered an alias for the K-th
001722 # column of the result set (columns are numbered from left to right
001723 # starting with 1).
001724 #
001725 do_select_tests e_select-8.4 {
001726 1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 ASC, 2 ASC, 3 ASC" {
001727 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8
001728 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1
001729 }
001730 2 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC, 3 DESC" {
001731 2 5 -1 2 4 93 1 5 -1 1 4 93
001732 1 2 8 1 2 7 1 2 3 1 2 -20
001733 }
001734 3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 ASC, 3 DESC" {
001735 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7
001736 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001737 }
001738 4 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 ASC, 3 ASC" {
001739 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3
001740 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001741 }
001742 5 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3" {
001743 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8
001744 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1
001745 }
001746 6 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2, 3 DESC" {
001747 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7
001748 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001749 }
001750 7 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2, 3" {
001751 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3
001752 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1
001753 }
001754 8 "SELECT z, x FROM d1 ORDER BY 2" {
001755 /# 1 # 1 # 1 # 1
001756 # 1 # 1 # 2 # 2/
001757 }
001758 9 "SELECT z, x FROM d1 ORDER BY 1" {
001759 /-20 1 -1 # -1 # 3 1
001760 7 1 8 1 93 # 93 #/
001761 }
001762 }
001763
001764 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-63286-51977 If the ORDER BY expression is an identifier
001765 # that corresponds to the alias of one of the output columns, then the
001766 # expression is considered an alias for that column.
001767 #
001768 do_select_tests e_select-8.5 {
001769 1 "SELECT z+1 AS abc FROM d1 ORDER BY abc" {
001770 -19 0 0 4 8 9 94 94
001771 }
001772 2 "SELECT z+1 AS abc FROM d1 ORDER BY abc DESC" {
001773 94 94 9 8 4 0 0 -19
001774 }
001775 3 "SELECT z AS x, x AS z FROM d1 ORDER BY z" {
001776 /# 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 # 2 # 2/
001777 }
001778 4 "SELECT z AS x, x AS z FROM d1 ORDER BY x" {
001779 /-20 1 -1 # -1 # 3 1 7 1 8 1 93 # 93 #/
001780 }
001781 }
001782
001783 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-65068-27207 Otherwise, if the ORDER BY expression is
001784 # any other expression, it is evaluated and the returned value used to
001785 # order the output rows.
001786 #
001787 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-03421-57988 If the SELECT statement is a simple SELECT,
001788 # then an ORDER BY may contain any arbitrary expressions.
001789 #
001790 do_select_tests e_select-8.6 {
001791 1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x+y+z" {
001792 1 2 -20 1 5 -1 1 2 3 2 5 -1
001793 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 2 4 93
001794 }
001795 2 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x*z" {
001796 1 2 -20 2 5 -1 1 5 -1 1 2 3
001797 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 2 4 93
001798 }
001799 3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY y*z" {
001800 1 2 -20 2 5 -1 1 5 -1 1 2 3
001801 1 2 7 1 2 8 2 4 93 1 4 93
001802 }
001803 }
001804
001805 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-28853-08147 However, if the SELECT is a compound
001806 # SELECT, then ORDER BY expressions that are not aliases to output
001807 # columns must be exactly the same as an expression used as an output
001808 # column.
001809 #
001810 do_select_tests e_select-8.7.1 -error {
001811 %s ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set
001812 } {
001813 1 "SELECT x FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a FROM d2 ORDER BY x*z" 1st
001814 2 "SELECT x,z FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a,b FROM d2 ORDER BY x, x/z" 2nd
001815 }
001816
001817 do_select_tests e_select-8.7.2 {
001818 1 "SELECT x*z FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a FROM d2 ORDER BY x*z" {
001819 -20 -2 -1 3 7 8 93 186 babied barked commercials gently
001820 iterate lad pragmatist reemphasizes rejoicing solemnness
001821 }
001822 2 "SELECT x, x/z FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a,b FROM d2 ORDER BY x, x/z" {
001823 1 -1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 -2 2 0
001824 babied charitableness barked interrupted commercials bathrobe gently
001825 failings iterate sexton lad relenting pragmatist guarded reemphasizes reply
001826 rejoicing liabilities solemnness annexed
001827 }
001828 }
001829
001830 do_execsql_test e_select-8.8.0 {
001831 CREATE TABLE d3(a);
001832 INSERT INTO d3 VALUES('text');
001833 INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(14.1);
001834 INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(13);
001835 INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(X'78787878');
001836 INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(15);
001837 INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(12.9);
001838 INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(null);
001839
001840 CREATE TABLE d4(x COLLATE nocase);
001841 INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('abc');
001842 INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('ghi');
001843 INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('DEF');
001844 INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('JKL');
001845 } {}
001846
001847 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-10883-17697 For the purposes of sorting rows, values
001848 # are compared in the same way as for comparison expressions.
001849 #
001850 # The following tests verify that values of different types are sorted
001851 # correctly, and that mixed real and integer values are compared properly.
001852 #
001853 do_execsql_test e_select-8.8.1 {
001854 SELECT a FROM d3 ORDER BY a
001855 } {{} 12.9 13 14.1 15 text xxxx}
001856 do_execsql_test e_select-8.8.2 {
001857 SELECT a FROM d3 ORDER BY a DESC
001858 } {xxxx text 15 14.1 13 12.9 {}}
001859
001860
001861 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-64199-22471 If the ORDER BY expression is assigned a
001862 # collation sequence using the postfix COLLATE operator, then the
001863 # specified collation sequence is used.
001864 #
001865 do_execsql_test e_select-8.9.1 {
001866 SELECT x FROM d4 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE binary
001867 } {DEF JKL abc ghi}
001868 do_execsql_test e_select-8.9.2 {
001869 SELECT x COLLATE binary FROM d4 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE nocase
001870 } {abc DEF ghi JKL}
001871
001872 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-09398-26102 Otherwise, if the ORDER BY expression is
001873 # an alias to an expression that has been assigned a collation sequence
001874 # using the postfix COLLATE operator, then the collation sequence
001875 # assigned to the aliased expression is used.
001876 #
001877 # In the test 8.10.2, the only result-column expression has no alias. So the
001878 # ORDER BY expression is not a reference to it and therefore does not inherit
001879 # the collation sequence. In test 8.10.3, "x" is the alias (as well as the
001880 # column name), so the ORDER BY expression is interpreted as an alias and the
001881 # collation sequence attached to the result column is used for sorting.
001882 #
001883 do_execsql_test e_select-8.10.1 {
001884 SELECT x COLLATE binary FROM d4 ORDER BY 1
001885 } {DEF JKL abc ghi}
001886 do_execsql_test e_select-8.10.2 {
001887 SELECT x COLLATE binary FROM d4 ORDER BY x
001888 } {abc DEF ghi JKL}
001889 do_execsql_test e_select-8.10.3 {
001890 SELECT x COLLATE binary AS x FROM d4 ORDER BY x
001891 } {DEF JKL abc ghi}
001892
001893 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-27301-09658 Otherwise, if the ORDER BY expression is a
001894 # column or an alias of an expression that is a column, then the default
001895 # collation sequence for the column is used.
001896 #
001897 do_execsql_test e_select-8.11.1 {
001898 SELECT x AS y FROM d4 ORDER BY y
001899 } {abc DEF ghi JKL}
001900 do_execsql_test e_select-8.11.2 {
001901 SELECT x||'' FROM d4 ORDER BY x
001902 } {abc DEF ghi JKL}
001903
001904 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49925-55905 Otherwise, the BINARY collation sequence is
001905 # used.
001906 #
001907 do_execsql_test e_select-8.12.1 {
001908 SELECT x FROM d4 ORDER BY x||''
001909 } {DEF JKL abc ghi}
001910
001911 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44130-32593 If an ORDER BY expression is not an integer
001912 # alias, then SQLite searches the left-most SELECT in the compound for a
001913 # result column that matches either the second or third rules above. If
001914 # a match is found, the search stops and the expression is handled as an
001915 # alias for the result column that it has been matched against.
001916 # Otherwise, the next SELECT to the right is tried, and so on.
001917 #
001918 do_execsql_test e_select-8.13.0 {
001919 CREATE TABLE d5(a, b);
001920 CREATE TABLE d6(c, d);
001921 CREATE TABLE d7(e, f);
001922
001923 INSERT INTO d5 VALUES(1, 'f');
001924 INSERT INTO d6 VALUES(2, 'e');
001925 INSERT INTO d7 VALUES(3, 'd');
001926 INSERT INTO d5 VALUES(4, 'c');
001927 INSERT INTO d6 VALUES(5, 'b');
001928 INSERT INTO d7 VALUES(6, 'a');
001929
001930 CREATE TABLE d8(x COLLATE nocase);
001931 CREATE TABLE d9(y COLLATE nocase);
001932
001933 INSERT INTO d8 VALUES('a');
001934 INSERT INTO d9 VALUES('B');
001935 INSERT INTO d8 VALUES('c');
001936 INSERT INTO d9 VALUES('D');
001937 } {}
001938 do_select_tests e_select-8.13 {
001939 1 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7
001940 ORDER BY a
001941 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
001942 2 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7
001943 ORDER BY c
001944 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
001945 3 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7
001946 ORDER BY e
001947 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
001948 4 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7
001949 ORDER BY 1
001950 } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
001951
001952 5 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY b }
001953 {f 1 c 4 4 c 1 f}
001954 6 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY 2 }
001955 {f 1 c 4 4 c 1 f}
001956
001957 7 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY a }
001958 {1 f 4 c c 4 f 1}
001959 8 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY 1 }
001960 {1 f 4 c c 4 f 1}
001961
001962 9 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY a+1 }
001963 {f 2 c 5 4 c 1 f}
001964 10 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY 2 }
001965 {f 2 c 5 4 c 1 f}
001966
001967 11 { SELECT a+1, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY a+1 }
001968 {2 f 5 c c 5 f 2}
001969 12 { SELECT a+1, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY 1 }
001970 {2 f 5 c c 5 f 2}
001971 }
001972
001973 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39265-04070 If no matching expression can be found in
001974 # the result columns of any constituent SELECT, it is an error.
001975 #
001976 do_select_tests e_select-8.14 -error {
001977 %s ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set
001978 } {
001979 1 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION SELECT c FROM d6 ORDER BY a+1 } 1st
001980 2 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION SELECT c FROM d6 ORDER BY a, a+1 } 2nd
001981 3 { SELECT * FROM d5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM d6 ORDER BY 'hello' } 1st
001982 4 { SELECT * FROM d5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM d6 ORDER BY blah } 1st
001983 5 { SELECT * FROM d5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM d6 ORDER BY c,d,c+d } 3rd
001984 6 { SELECT * FROM d5 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM d7 ORDER BY 1,2,b,a/b } 4th
001985 }
001986
001987 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-03407-11483 Each term of the ORDER BY clause is
001988 # processed separately and may be matched against result columns from
001989 # different SELECT statements in the compound.
001990 #
001991 do_select_tests e_select-8.15 {
001992 1 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c-1, d FROM d6 ORDER BY a, d }
001993 {1 e 1 f 4 b 4 c}
001994 2 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c-1, d FROM d6 ORDER BY c-1, b }
001995 {1 e 1 f 4 b 4 c}
001996 3 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c-1, d FROM d6 ORDER BY 1, 2 }
001997 {1 e 1 f 4 b 4 c}
001998 }
001999
002000
002001 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
002002 # Tests related to statements made about the LIMIT/OFFSET clause.
002003 #
002004 do_execsql_test e_select-9.0 {
002005 CREATE TABLE f1(a, b);
002006 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(26, 'z');
002007 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(25, 'y');
002008 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(24, 'x');
002009 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(23, 'w');
002010 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(22, 'v');
002011 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(21, 'u');
002012 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(20, 't');
002013 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(19, 's');
002014 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(18, 'r');
002015 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(17, 'q');
002016 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(16, 'p');
002017 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(15, 'o');
002018 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(14, 'n');
002019 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(13, 'm');
002020 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(12, 'l');
002021 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(11, 'k');
002022 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(10, 'j');
002023 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(9, 'i');
002024 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(8, 'h');
002025 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(7, 'g');
002026 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(6, 'f');
002027 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(5, 'e');
002028 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(4, 'd');
002029 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(3, 'c');
002030 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(2, 'b');
002031 INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(1, 'a');
002032 } {}
002033
002034 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30481-56627 Any scalar expression may be used in the
002035 # LIMIT clause, so long as it evaluates to an integer or a value that
002036 # can be losslessly converted to an integer.
002037 #
002038 do_select_tests e_select-9.1 {
002039 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 } {a b c d e}
002040 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2+3 } {a b c d e}
002041 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b = 'e') }
002042 {a b c d e}
002043 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5.0 } {a b c d e}
002044 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '5' } {a b c d e}
002045 }
002046
002047 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-46155-47219 If the expression evaluates to a NULL value
002048 # or any other value that cannot be losslessly converted to an integer,
002049 # an error is returned.
002050 #
002051
002052 do_select_tests e_select-9.2 -error "datatype mismatch" {
002053 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 'hello' } {}
002054 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT NULL } {}
002055 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT X'ABCD' } {}
002056 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5.1 } {}
002057 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT (SELECT group_concat(b) FROM f1) } {}
002058 }
002059
002060 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-03014-26414 If the LIMIT expression evaluates to a
002061 # negative value, then there is no upper bound on the number of rows
002062 # returned.
002063 #
002064 do_select_tests e_select-9.4 {
002065 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT -1 }
002066 {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z}
002067 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT length('abc')-100 }
002068 {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z}
002069 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT (SELECT count(*) FROM f1)/2 - 14 }
002070 {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z}
002071 }
002072
002073 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33750-29536 Otherwise, the SELECT returns the first N
002074 # rows of its result set only, where N is the value that the LIMIT
002075 # expression evaluates to.
002076 #
002077 do_select_tests e_select-9.5 {
002078 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0 } {}
002079 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 4 } {z y x w}
002080 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 8 } {z y x w v u t s}
002081 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT '12.0' } {z y x w v u t s r q p o}
002082 }
002083
002084 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-54935-19057 Or, if the SELECT statement would return
002085 # less than N rows without a LIMIT clause, then the entire result set is
002086 # returned.
002087 #
002088 do_select_tests e_select-9.6 {
002089 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 WHERE a>21 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10 } {v w x y z}
002090 2 { SELECT count(*) FROM f1 GROUP BY a/5 ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 10 } {2 4 5 5 5 5}
002091 }
002092
002093
002094 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-24188-24349 The expression attached to the optional
002095 # OFFSET clause that may follow a LIMIT clause must also evaluate to an
002096 # integer, or a value that can be losslessly converted to an integer.
002097 #
002098 foreach {tn select} {
002099 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET 'hello' }
002100 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET NULL }
002101 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET X'ABCD' }
002102 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET 5.1 }
002103 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a
002104 LIMIT 2 OFFSET (SELECT group_concat(b) FROM f1)
002105 }
002106 } {
002107 do_catchsql_test e_select-9.7.$tn $select {1 {datatype mismatch}}
002108 }
002109
002110 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-20467-43422 If an expression has an OFFSET clause, then
002111 # the first M rows are omitted from the result set returned by the
002112 # SELECT statement and the next N rows are returned, where M and N are
002113 # the values that the OFFSET and LIMIT clauses evaluate to,
002114 # respectively.
002115 #
002116 do_select_tests e_select-9.8 {
002117 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5} {f g h i j k l m n o}
002118 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2+3 OFFSET 10} {k l m n o}
002119 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a
002120 LIMIT (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='j')
002121 OFFSET (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='b')
002122 } {c d e f g h i j k l}
002123 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '5' OFFSET 3.0 } {d e f g h}
002124 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '5' OFFSET 0 } {a b c d e}
002125 6 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0 OFFSET 10 } {}
002126 7 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 3 OFFSET '1'||'5' } {p q r}
002127 }
002128
002129 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-34648-44875 Or, if the SELECT would return less than
002130 # M+N rows if it did not have a LIMIT clause, then the first M rows are
002131 # skipped and the remaining rows (if any) are returned.
002132 #
002133 do_select_tests e_select-9.9 {
002134 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20} {u v w x y z}
002135 2 { SELECT a FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 100 OFFSET 18+4} {4 3 2 1}
002136 }
002137
002138
002139 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23293-62447 If the OFFSET clause evaluates to a
002140 # negative value, the results are the same as if it had evaluated to
002141 # zero.
002142 #
002143 do_select_tests e_select-9.10 {
002144 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 OFFSET -1 } {a b c d e}
002145 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 OFFSET -500 } {a b c d e}
002146 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 OFFSET 0 } {a b c d e}
002147 }
002148
002149 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19509-40356 Instead of a separate OFFSET clause, the
002150 # LIMIT clause may specify two scalar expressions separated by a comma.
002151 #
002152 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33788-46243 In this case, the first expression is used
002153 # as the OFFSET expression and the second as the LIMIT expression.
002154 #
002155 do_select_tests e_select-9.11 {
002156 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5, 10 } {f g h i j k l m n o}
002157 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10, 2+3 } {k l m n o}
002158 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a
002159 LIMIT (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='b'), (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='j')
002160 } {c d e f g h i j k l}
002161 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 3.0, '5' } {d e f g h}
002162 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0, '5' } {a b c d e}
002163 6 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10, 0 } {}
002164 7 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '1'||'5', 3 } {p q r}
002165
002166 8 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 20, 10 } {u v w x y z}
002167 9 { SELECT a FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 18+4, 100 } {4 3 2 1}
002168
002169 10 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT -1, 5 } {a b c d e}
002170 11 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT -500, 5 } {a b c d e}
002171 12 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0, 5 } {a b c d e}
002172 }
002173
002174 finish_test